专题02阅读理解B篇（记叙文）-2023年高考英语真题题源解密（新高考卷）（原题版）.docx

专题02阅读理解B篇（记叙文）2023年真题展现（2023新高考卷I阅读理解B篇）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria （细菌）? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污泥）.First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage（污水）from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China."Ecological design“ is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts fbr the inventor,“ he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B.Tobuild an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D.Totest the eco-machine.26. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John's research plans.B.Toshow an application of John'sidea.C. To compare John's different jobs.D.Toerase doubts about John's invention.27. What is the basis fbr John's work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.4 （2023届安徽省江淮名校高三下学期5月联考英语试题）Born in 1940 in Nyeri, Kenya, Wangari Maathai spent her childhood in the Kenyan countryside and her young adult life in the United States. She studied biology at Mount St. Scholastica College in Kansas, then obtained a master's degree from the University of Pittsburgh. After returning to Kenya and pursuing her PhD at the University of Nairobi, Wangari became the first woman in East Africa to receive a doctor's degree.In the 1970s Wangari was an active member of the National Council of Women of Kenya. Women came to the council in part to search for solutions to the environmental problems-deforestation and desertification had caused many of the resources women relied on for food and clean water to decrease.Fuelled by her knowledge of biology and her passion for helping others, Wangari decided to take action. Wangari had two goals in mind: to help restore environmental resources and give women the ability to support their families in a self-sufficient, sustainable way. To achieve her goals, she came up with a practical but impactful idea: to plant trees. The trees would reduce the effects of deforestation, in addition to providing food and firewood for local families. Wangari 9s plan inspired the formation of the Green Belt Movement in 1977, an organisation dedicated to environmental conservation and poverty reduction in Kenya.As the Green Belt Movement grew, Wangari began to focus on several different but interconnected causes: environmental conservation and human rights. In the late 1980s, she called on her community to oppose the construction of a skyscraper （摩天大楼）in Uhuru Park, Nairobi9s central public space. In 1999 she led a protest against the privatisation of Karura Forest in Nairobi, during which Green Belt Movement members were beaten by private guards. Despite facing ongoing opposition and even danger, Wangari's belief in her work was never shaken.Wangari served on the boards of countless environmental organisations, and spoke to members of the United Nations. Due to her tireless work Wangari received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.4. What do we know about Wangari Maathai?A. She had a hard childhood in Kenya.B. She acquired an excellent education.C. She was the first woman to get a degree.D. She came back to Kenya due to her colour.5. What contributed to the foundation of the Green Belt Movement?A. Wangari family's support.B. Wangari's achievements in biology.C. Wangari's tree-planting idea.D. Wangari's desire to fight world poverty.6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Wangari's efforts to expand her influence.B. Wangari's ways to fight fbr human rights.C. Wangari strategies to establish a reputation.D. Wangari's plans to handle growing opposition.7. Which of the following best describes Wangari Maathai?A. Honest and hard-working.C. Considerate and generous.B. Patient and unselfish.D. Determined and inspiring.【技巧点弑】推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于主观题，是阅读理 解中层次较高的题目，因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻 辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否， 很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式： 细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.（2023新高考卷II阅读理解B篇）Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. "The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,“ she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful." Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. C6We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they,re eating differently,Jaramillo says.She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. "They get outside,“ she says, “and they feel successful.”24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fast food restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids' parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?B. Predictable.D. Unidentifiable.A. Far-reaching.C. Short-lived.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensC. Growing Vegetable LoversB. Experiencing Country LifeD. Changing Local Landscape真题考查解读【命题意图】试卷所选阅读语篇围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境，不仅注重知识及能力的考查，而且 考查学生的文化意识及思维品质。2023年新课标I卷阅读理解B篇讲述了 John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学, 他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水，旨在培养崇尚发明创造的品质，同时 促进学生环境保护意识的形成。2023年新课标II卷阅读理解B篇讲述了 Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学 校发起的Urban Sprouts花园项目，该语篇旨在引导学生形成热爱劳动的观念，在实践中养成劳动意识和劳 动习惯。以及培养培养学环保意识以及健康生活方式,让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。【考查要点】2023年新课标I卷阅读B篇讲述一种新的科技发明，主要考查学生定位信息能力、细节理解能力和推理判 断能力；细节理解题2小题，推理判断题2小题。2023年新课标n卷阅读B篇，主要讲述了学校园艺项目 Urban Sprouts的发起目的以及对学生产生的积极影响。主要考查学生细节理解能力和推理判断能力、把握 主旨大意能力。细节理解题1道小题，推理判断题2道，主旨大意题1道。【课标链接】依据新课程标准阅读理解部分试题考查的就是对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解和推断能力。深入考 查基础语言知识旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语 言知识，了解基础文化知识；引导学生深入学习和理解语篇所表达的主题意义，养成一定的语言意识和英 语语感。近年真题对比1 （2022新高考卷I阅读理解B篇）Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula （芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain J as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away 一 from "ugly” （but quite eatable） vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”If that's hard to understand, lefs keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time - but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有 壬段疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,“ Curtin says.24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A. We pay little attention to food waste.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.26. What does Curtin's company do?A. It produces kitchen equipment.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.27. What does Curtin suggest people do?A. Buy only what is needed.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Worldwide starvation.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.B. Reduce food consumption.D. Eat in restaurants less often.【2】（2022新高考卷II阅读理解B篇）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, ifs just normal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures a perfect match for his age.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes G践）the page with his finger.What's up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. Tve even built websites.There's one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star - two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.26. What do the underlined words “hit home for me“ mean in paragraph 2?A. Provided shelter for me.B. Became very clear to me.D. Worked quite well on me.B. He disliked the colorful pictures.D. He wanted to read it by himself.B. Physically attractive.D. Digitally competent.B. He seldom appears on television.D. He often interviews internet stars.C. Took the pressure off me.27. Why did the kid poke the storybook?A. He took it for a tablet computer.C. He was angry with his grandpa.28. What does the author think of himself?A. Socially ambitious.C. Financially independent.29. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?A. He lacks experience in his job.C. He manages a video department.3 （2021新高考卷I阅读理解B篇）By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.“A lot of skills are needed fbr the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make