初中英语语法专题学习之句子成分概述.docx

初中英语语法专题学习之句子成分概述一、主语是一个句子的主体，通常位于句首或句中，用来描述句子中的主要事物或人。主语通常由名词、代词或名词性从句充当。例如:The book that I read last week is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)She is a student who studies hard every day.(她是一个每天努力学习的学生。)The team that I am on is doing very well.(我所加入的团队表现非常出色。)名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句等都可以充当主语，它们分别表示句子中的主要事物或人。例如:The book I read last week is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)She is a student who studies hard every day.(她是一个每天努力学习的学生。)The team that I am on is doing very well.(我所加入的团队表现非常出色。)I am going to the store to buy some groceries.(我要去商店买一些杂货。)We need to finish our homework before we can go out to play.(我们需要完成我们的作业才能出去玩。)The cat chased the mouse into the wall.(猫把老鼠逼进了墙上。)二、谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当，且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。例如:The book I read last week is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)She is a student who studies hard every day.(她是一个每天努力学习的学生。)The team that I am on is doing very well.(我所加入的团队表现非常出色。)I am going to the store to buy some groceries.(我要去商店买一些杂货。)We need to finish our homework before we can go out to play.(我们需要完成我们的作业才能出去玩。)The cat chased the mouse into the wall.(猫把老鼠逼进了墙上。)三、宾语：1. 宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后，名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句等都可以充当宾语成分。例如:She read the book last week.(她上周读了这本书。)He is a student who studies hard every day.(他是一个每天努力学习的学生。)The team that I am on is doing very well.(我所加入的团队表现非常出色。)I am going to the store to buy some groceries.(我要去商店买一些杂货。)2. 宾语可以分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类。其中，直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。此外，双宾语结构中，两个宾语间的关系比较松散，有的句子去掉其中一个宾语，句子仍然成立。双宾语一般表示为谁(for sb.)或给谁(to sb.)等意思。名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等都可以充当宾语成分1。例如:She read the book last week.(她上周读了这本书。)He is a student who studies hard every day.(他是一个每天努力学习的学生。)The team that I am on is doing very well.(我所加入的团队表现非常出色。)I am going to the store to buy some groceries.(我要去商店买一些杂货。)We need to finish our homework before we can go out to play.(我们需要完成我们的作业才能出去玩。)The cat chased the mouse into the wall.(猫把老鼠逼进了墙上。)宾语在句子中起着非常重要的作用，它可以帮助我们更准确地表达句子的意思，使句子更加完整和清晰。四、表语：表语在英语语法中的作用是用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等，一般位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。表语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当。名词表语:指由名词充当的表语，如:She is a teacher.(她是一个老师。)代词表语:指由代词充当的表语，如:I saw him yesterday.(我昨天看见他了。)数词表语:指由数词充当的表语，如:The number of students in the class is too large.(班里的学生数量太多。)动名词表语:指由动名词充当的表语，如:I enjoy playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球。)不定式表语:指由不定式充当的表语，如:He wants to be a doctor.(他想成为一名医生。)从句表语:指由从句充当的表语，如:The news that he had been elected the new president was very surprising.(他被选为新总统的消息非常令人惊讶。)五、定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句，一般位于被修饰的名词或代词之前。在英语中，定语可以是形容词、限定词、代词、数词、动名词、介词短语、从句等。例如:The book that I read last week is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)The boy with long hair is my friend.(那个留着长发的男孩是我朋友。)The car that I drive is a Toyota.(我开的这辆车是丰田。)The man who is coming to see you is my father.(来见你的那个男人是我的父亲。)The house that I live in is on the hill.(我住的房子在山丘上。)1. 前置定语前置定语是指位于名词或代词之前的定语，用于进一步描述和限定名词或代词的含义和特征。在英语中，前置定语一般由形容词、限定词、代词、数词、动名词、介词短语、从句等充当。例如:The book that I read last week is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)The boy with long hair is my friend.(那个留着长发的男孩是我朋友。)The car that I drive is a Toyota.(我开的这辆车是丰田。)The man who is coming to see you is my father.(来见你的那个男人是我的父亲。)The house that I live in is on the hill.(我住的房子在山丘上。)2. 后置定语是指位于名词或代词之后的定语，用于进一步描述和限定名词或代词的含义和特征。在英语中，后置定语一般由形容词、限定词、代词、数词、动名词、介词短语、从句等充当。例如:The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)The boy with long hair, who is my friend, is coming to see you.(那个留着长发的男孩是我朋友，他正在来见你。)The car, which I drive, is a Toyota.(我开的这辆车是丰田。)The man, who is coming to see you, is my father.(来见你的那个男人是我的父亲。)The house, which I live in, is on the hill.(我住的房子在山丘上。)六、语是指用来描述动作、状态、行为、事件等的词语，包括副词、介词短语、形容词短语、从句等。在英语中，状语可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子或某个时间、地点、方式、原因、结果等。例如:He ran quickly to the store.(他飞快地跑到商店。)I saw her sitting in the corner.(我看见她坐在角落里。)They arrived late because of traffic.(他们因为交通迟到了。)We had a great time at the amusement park.(我们在游乐园玩得很开心。)The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg.(这部电影是由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的。)七、补足语是指用来描述主语或宾语的成分，通常由名词、代词、数词、动名词、形容词、副词等充当。在英语中，补足语可以用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征、状态、行为等。例如:The book that I read last week is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)The boy with long hair is my friend.(那个留着长发的男孩是我朋友。)The car that I drive is a Toyota.(我开的这辆车是丰田。)The man who is coming to see you is my father.(来见你的那个男人是我的父亲。)The house that I live in is on the hill.(我住的房子在山丘上。)八、同位语是指用来解释或说明名词或代词意义的短语或句子，通常位于被解释的名词或代词之后，并使用同一个调序。在英语中，同位语一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、形容词、副词等充当。例如:The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.(我上周读的这本书非常有趣。)The boy with long hair, who is my friend, is coming to see you.(那个留着长发的男孩是我朋友，他正在来见你。)The car, which I drive, is a Toyota.(我开的这辆车是丰田。)The man, who is coming to see you, is my father.(来见你的那个男人是我的父亲。)The house, which I live in, is on the hill.(我住的房子在山丘上。)九、独立成分是指与全句没有语法关系的句子成分，通常包括感叹语、呼语和插入语等三种词语。在英语中，独立成分可以用来表达情感、强调语气或者作为句子的开头或结尾。例如:What a beautiful day it is!(多美好的一天啊!)I cant wait to see you!(我迫不及待地想见你!)Please come to the meeting at 10 oclock.(请在十点钟来参加会议。)学科网（北京）股份有限公司