2018年6月英语六级真题答案解析（卷一）.docx

2018 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第 1 套）Part IWriting审题思路：这是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文。此次话题雇主与雇员之间的信任是日常生活中经常提及的话题，因此写起来应该并不难。考生应该将重点放在第二段阐述雇主与雇员彼此信任带来的益处上，如相互信任有助于提高员工的工作热情和工作效率；有利于营造愉悦的工作氛围；有益于公司和个人的发展及进步。高分范文：高分范文精彩点评The Importance of Building Trust BetweenEmployers and Employees引出话题：信任是一切商业活动的基础。提出观点：雇主与雇员之间彼此信任有助It is an undeniable fact that trust can lay a solid foundation for 于促进公司的发展。commercial activities. Therefore, building trust between employers and 分别使用 To begin with、Next、In additionemployees plays a crucial role in boosting a companys development.具体阐明雇主与雇员彼此信任带来的益To begin with, as the saying goes, the best bosses understand the art 处。of delegation. If a boss believes in his people and try his best to delegate 使用 Taking into account总结全文，再instead of micromanage, this belief can drive him to create an environment 次重申自己的观点。where employees would have more passion for work and work moreefficiently. Next, with trust, employers and employees can achieve 加分亮点consensus, build harmonious cooperation and have effective communication, lay a solid foundation for为打下坚which help to create a pleasant working atmosphere. In addition, not 实的基础surprisingly, building trust between the two parties can directly promote the plays a crucial role in对起至关重growth of the company and indirectly spur continuous development of the 要的作用individuals.Taking into account what we have discussed above, we may safely delegation 授权，委派arrive at a conclusion that it is sensible for both employers and employees to micromanage 微观管理as the saying goes 常言道keep in mind that mutual trust contributes to realizing a win-win situation.consensus 共识全文翻译：雇主语雇员间建立信任的重要性不可否认，信任会为商业活动奠定坚实的基础。因此，在雇主和雇员之间建立信任对促进公司的发展起着至关重要的作用。首先，俗话说，最好的老板懂得授权的艺术。如果一个老板相信他的员工，并努力将权力分配给手下的人而不是事无巨细地管理，那么这种管理理念会驱使他创造一种能让员工对工作更有激情，工作起来更有效率的工作环境。其次，如果彼此间有了信任，雇主和员工就可以达成共识，建立和谐的合作关系，并进行有效的沟通，这些都有利于创造良好的工作氛围。此外，毫无疑问，雇主与雇员的彼此信任会直接促进公司的发展，并间接促进个人的持续发展。综上所述，我们可以得出结论：相互信任有助于实现双赢，雇主的员工时刻牢记这一点是明智的。Part IIListening ComprehensionSection AConversation OneM: Whats all that? Are you going to make a salad?W: No Im going to make a gazpacho.M: What's that?W: (1)Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain. Its mostly vegetables. I guess you could call it a liquid salad.M: Cold soup? Sounds weird. W: It's delicious. Trust me. I tried it for the first time during my summer vacation in Spain. You see, in the south of Spain, itgets very hot in the summer, up to 40°C. So a cold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato,cucumber, bell peppers, olive oil and stale bread.M: Stale bread? Surely you mean bread for dipping into the soup?W: No. Bread is crushed and blended in like everything else. (2)It adds texture and thickness to the soup.M: Mm. (3-1)And is it healthy?W:(3-2) Sure. As I said earlier it's mostly vegetables. You can also add different things if you like, such as hard-boiled eggor cured ham.M: Cured ham? Whats that?W: That's another Spanish delicacy. Have you never heard of it? It is quite famous.M: No, is it good too?W: Oh, yeah, definitely. Its amazing. Its a little dry and salty, and it's very expensive because (4)it comes from a specialtype of pig that only eats a special type of food. The harm is covered in salt to dry and preserve it. And left to hang for upto two years. It has a very distinct flavor.M: Mm. Sounds interesting. Where can I find some?W: It used to be difficult to get Spanish produce here. But it's now a lot more common. Most large supermarket chains havecured ham in little packets but in Spain you combine a whole leg.M: A whole peg leg? Why would anybody want so much ham?W: In Spain, many people buy a whole leg for special group events, such as Christmas. They cut it themselves into very thinslices with a long flat knife.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由 salad、soup、vegetable、pig、bread 等词可以初步推测，对话内容与饮食有关，再结合 Spanish、nutritious、ingredient、cooking、special 等词可以进一步推测，对话内容涉及某种或某几种西班牙特色食品，并且讨论了食品的制作过程、营养成分等问题。1: What do we learn about gazpacho?答案：B详解：对话中，女士清楚地解释说 gazpacho 是西班牙的一种冷菜汤。虽然接下来女士对男士说把 gazpacho 理解为一种液体沙拉也是可以的，但这只是为了让男士对 gazpacho 有更直观的认识，不能认定为 gazpacho 是沙拉。因此答案为 B。2: For what purpose is stale bread mixed into gazpacho?答案：A详解：对话中女士说，往汤里加入干面包是为了让汤口感更好，更浓稠。因此答案为 A。3: Why does the woman think gazpacho is healthy?答案：D详解：对话中，当男士问这种汤是否健康时，女士十分肯定地说它很健康，因为这种汤是以蔬菜为主要原料制作而成的。因此答案为 D。4: What does the woman say about cured ham?答案：C详解：对话中，女士给男士解释 cured ham 时说，这是另一种西班牙美食。后面又提到这种腌制的火腿非常昂贵，因为它取自一种特殊品种的猪，而且这种猪只吃一种特殊的食物。因此答案为 C。Conversation TwoM: Hello, I wish to buy a bottle of wine.W: Hi, yes. What kind of wine would you like?M: I don't know. Sorry. I don't know much about wine.W: Thats no problem at all. Whats the occasion and how much would you like to spend?M: It's for my boss. Its his birthday. I know he likes wine, but I don't know what type. I also do not want anything too expensive, maybe mid-range. How much would you say is a mid-range bottle of wine approximately?W: Well, it varies greatly. Our lowest prices are around $6 a bottle, (5)but those are table wines. They are not very special.And I would not suggest them as a gift. On the other end, our most expensive bottles are over $150. If you are looking forsomething priced in the middle, I would say anything between $30 and $60 would make a decent gift. How does thatsound?M: Mm, yeah.（6）I guess something in the vicinity of 30 or 40 would be good. Which type would you recommend?W:(7) I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They are generally more popular than whites, and can usually bepaired with food more easily. Our specialty here are Italian wines, and these tend to be fruity with medium acidity.(8-1)This one here is a Chianti, which is perhaps Italy's most famous type of red wine. Alternatively, you may wish to tryand surprise your boss with something less common, such as the Zinfandel. The grapes are originally native to Croatiabut this winery is in east in Italy and it has a more spicy and peppery flavor. So to summarize, the Chianti is moreclassical and the Zinfandel more exciting. Both are similarly priced at just under $40.M:(8-2) I will go with Chianti then. Thanks.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由选项中的 gifts、wine 等词可以初步推测，对话内容与购买葡萄酒作为礼物送人有关，再结合第 6 题选项中的不同价格区间，第 7、8 两题选项中的 Italians、spicy、red wine 等词可以进一步推测，对话内容涉及意大利红葡萄酒，并且两人谈到了葡萄酒的价格、口味方面。5:What does the woman think of table wines?答案：B详解：对话中，女士对男士说，她店里最便宜的葡萄酒大约 6 美元一瓶，但这些都是普通的佐餐酒，没有什么特别之处，她不建议男士买这种葡萄酒作为礼物。也就是说，这种 table wine 不是体面的礼物，答案为 B。6:What is the price range of wine the man will consider?答案：A详解：对话中，男士提到，他希望购买价格在 30 或 40 美元左右的葡萄酒。因此答案为 A。7:Why does the woman recommend red wines答案：D详解：对话中，女士建议男士购买红葡萄酒，因为红葡萄酒通常比白葡萄酒更受欢迎，并且红葡萄酒与食物更容易搭配。也就是说，红葡萄酒可以与不同的食物进行搭配饮用，答案为 D。8:What do we learn about the wine the man finally bought?答案：D详解：对话末尾，男士决定要买 Chianti（基安蒂红葡萄酒），而根据女士此前的介绍，Chianti 是意大利最有名的一种红葡萄酒。因此答案为 D。Section BPassage One(9)Many people enjoy secret codes. The harder the code, the more some people will try to figure it out.In wartime, codes are especially important. They help army send news about battles and signs of enemyforces. Neither side wants its code broken by the other. (10-1)One very important code was never broken.It was used during World War two by the Americans. It was spoken code, never written down, and it wasdeveloped and used by Navajo Indians. They were called the Navajo code talkers. The Navajo created thecodes in their own language. Navajo is hard to learn and only a few people know it. So it was prettycertain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers. In addition, the talkers used codewords. They called a submarine and an iron fish and a small bomb thrown by hand a potato. If theywanted to spell something, they used code words for letters of the Alphabet. For instance, the letter A wasant or apple or ax. The code talkers worked mostly in the islands in the Pacific. One or two would beassigned a group of soldiers. They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the nextgroup. And he would relay the information to his commander. (10-2)The code talkers played an importantpart in several battles. They helped the troops coordinate their movements and attacks. After the war, the U.S. governments honored them for what they had accomplished. Theirs was the most successful wartimecode ever used.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由各选项中的 Decoding、army、breaking enemy secret codes 可以初步推测，该短文与军用密码的破译有关，再结合选项中的 help the U. S. army、World War 、Pacific War、military code 等词可以进一步推测，短文内容涉及二战期间美国军队在太平洋区域使用的密码。9.What does the speaker say many people enjoy doing?答案：C详解：短文开头即指出，很多人喜欢密码。密码越难，他们就越想要破译出来。也就是说，很多人喜欢破译秘密消息，答案为 C。10. What do we learn about the Navajo code talkers?答案：A详解：短文中提到，在二战期间，美国的一种密码从未被敌方破译。这种密码以印第安部落纳瓦霍人的语言为基础发展而来，没有书面形式，只是在纳瓦霍人之间口口相传。纳瓦霍密码员帮助军队协调行动和攻击，在战争中起着重要作用。由此可知，他们在二战期间给予了美国军队巨大的帮助，答案为 A。11.What is the speaker mainly talking about?答案：C详解：短文以人民喜欢破译密码开头，引出了二战中从未被成功破译的 Navajo 密码，之后短文对这种密码的编译、使用者、使用方法以及战后美国政府对这些密码人员的奖励进行了介绍。由此可以判断，文章围绕着 Navajo 密码展开，向读者全面讲述了这种从未被成功破译的密码，答案为 C。Passage TwoIf you are young and thinking about your career, you want to know where you can make a living. Well,(12)theres going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge-intensive jobs in the next 20years, particularly in the two largest sectors of the labor force with professional skills. One is teaching,and the other, health care. You have so many applications and software and platforms that are going tocome in and provide information and service in these two fields, which means a lot of health care andeducation sectors will be radically changed and a lot of jobs will be lost. (13)Now, where will the newjobs be found? Well, the one sector of the economy that can't be easily duplicated by even smalltechnologies is the caring sectorthe personal care sector. That is, you can't really get a robot to do agreat massage or physical therapy, or you can't get the kind of personal attention you need with regard totherapy or any other personal service. There could be very high-end personal services. (14)Therapist docharge a lot of money. I think there's no limit to the amount of personal attention and personal care peoplewould like if they could afford it. But, the real question in the future is how come people afford thesethings if they don't have money, because they can't get a job that pays enough. (15)That's why I wrote thisbook, which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings aboutdestructive changes to what we used to consider high-income work.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由 knowledge-intensive jobs、replaced、revolutionize、robotics、next 20 years 和 technology等词可推测，短文内容与未来 20 年科技发展给就业方面所带来的影响有关。12.What does the speaker say will happen in the next 20 years?答案：B详解：短文开头提到，未来 20 年，一大批知识密集型的工作将会被科技所取代。因此答案为 B。13.Where will young people have more chances to find jobs?答案：C详解：短文中明确提到，个人护理领域的工作不可能轻易地被技术复制，即使是智能技术也不行。因此，将来人们在这一领域应该可以比较容易找到工作，答案为 C。 14.What does the speaker say about therapist?答案：A详解：短文中提到，理疗师们确实收费很高。因此答案为 A。15.What is the speakers bookabout?答案：B详解：短文末尾，讲话者说，她的这本书主要讨论的是在未来社会，当技术给我们曾经认为的高收入工作带来破坏性变化的时候，我们应该如何重新规划经济。也就是说，该书围绕技术对传统高收入工作带来的破坏性影响展开，答案为 B。Section CRecording OneAmerican researchers have discovered the world's oldest paved road, a 4,600-year-old highway.(16)It linked a stone pit in the Egyptian desert to waterways that carried blocks to monument sites alongthe Nile. The 8-mile road is at least 500 years older than any previously discovered road. It is the onlypaved road discovered in ancient Egypt, said geologist Thomas Bown of the United States GeologicalSurvey. He reported the discovery on Friday. "The road probably doesn't rank with the pyramids as aconstruction feat, but it is a major engineering achievement," said his colleague, geologist James Harrellof the University of Toledo. "Not only is the road earlier than we thought possible, we didn't even thinkthey built roads." (17)The researchers also made a discovery in the stone pit at the northern end of theroad: the first evidence that the Egyptians used rock saws. "This is the oldest example of saws being usedfor cutting stone," said Bowns colleague James Hoffmeier of Wheaton College in Illinois."That's two technologies we didn't know they had," Harrell said. "And we don't know why they wereboth abandoned." The road was discovered in the Faiyum Depression, about 45 miles southwest of Cairo.Short segments of the road had been observed by earlier explorers, Bown said, but they failed to realize itssignificance or follow up on their observations. Bown and his colleagues stumbled across it while they weredoing geological mapping in the region. (18)The road was clearly built to provide services for the newlydiscovered stone pit. Bown and Harrell have found the camp that housed workers at the stone pit. The roadappears today to go nowhere, ending in the middle of the desert. When it was built, its terminal was a dockon the shore of Lake Moeris, which had an elevation of about 66 feet above sea level, the same as the dock.Lake Moeris received its water from the annual floods of the Nile. At the time of the floods, the river andlake were at the same level and connected through a gap in the hills near the modern villages of el-Lahunand Hawara. Harrell and Bown believe that blocks were loaded onto barges during the dry season, thenfloated over to the Nile during the floods to be shipped off to the monument sites at Giza and Saqqara.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由选项中的 the longest road in ancient Egypt、constructed some 500 years ago 和 connectthe villages along the Nile 等词句可推测，讲座内容与古埃及的一条路有关。第 16 题考查有关这条路的细节信息；第17 题可能考查在这条路上或其周围的发现；第 18 题可能考查这条路的建造目的。16.What do we learn from the lecture about the worlds oldest paved road inEgypt?答案：D详解：讲座开头提到，美国研究人员发现了世界上最古老的人工铺就的道路，它将埃及沙漠里的一个采石场和运送石块的水路连接了起来。因此答案为 D。17.What did the researchers discover in the stone pit?答案：A详解：讲座中提到，研究人员在这条路北端的采石场发现了埃及人使用岩石锯的第一个证据，这是人们使用锯子来切割石头的最古老的例子。因此答案为 A。18.For what purpose was the paved road built?答案：B详解：讲座中明确提到，这条路显然是为了给新发现的采石场提供服务而建造的。因此答案为 B。 Recording TwoThe thin, extremely sharp needles didnt hurt at all going in. Dr. Gong pierced them into my left arm,around the elbow that had been bothering me. (19)Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and,strangely, i