2017年12月六级真题第3套.docx

2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Respect others, and you will be respected”. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）卷三听力部分与卷二相同Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sales of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, _26_ a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline _27_ vehicle to be registered after 2030.Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and _28_ is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not _29_ a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still _30_ that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the _31_ of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected.Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery charging stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations _32_. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal.There are _33_ around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a _34_ effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not _35_, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A) acceptanceI) incidentallyB) currentlyJ) installedC) disruptingK) noticeableD) eliminateL) poweredE) exhaustM) restorationF) futileN) skepticalG) hopefulO) sparkingH) implementedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Apples Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Teach IndustryA The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorists smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government.B After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to (讨好) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious.C It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you have the United States governments mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderers phone. The action stems from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December.D In the other corner is the worlds most valuable company, whose chief executive, Timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the courts order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere.E There will probably be months of legal confrontation, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global publics collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data.F Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what is to prevent it from doing so for a request from the Russians or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write code that lets the FBI get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into its other devices?G Apples stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting in place a series of technologies that, by default, make use of encryption (加密) to limit access to peoples data. More than that, Apple, and, in different ways, other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft, have made their opposition to the governments claims a point of corporate pride.H Apples emerging global brand is privacy; it has staked its corporate reputation, not to mention the investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass surveillance that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world.I “A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption,” said Kurt Opsahl, general counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group. “Then you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest companies in the world coming out with a lengthy and impassioned post, like we saw yesterday from Timothy Cook. Its profile has really been raised.”J Apple and other tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apples public opposition to the governments request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apples help to write new code; in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on (热衷于) privacy, the FBI may have been able to break into the device by itself.K You can expect that noose (束缚) to continue to tighten. Experts said that whether or not Apple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almost certainly be able to further limit the governments reach.L Thats not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As Apple and several security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the FBI access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The order essentially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the precedent could be used to justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats.M Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it proactively (先发制人地), before a suspected terrorist attackleaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. “This is a brand-new move in the war against encryption,” Mr. Opsahl said. “Weve had plenty of debates in Congress and the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run (迂回战术) around thathere they come with an order to create that backdoor.”N Yet its worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. “If theyre anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet theyre rethinking their threat model as we speak,” said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.O One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions of the iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the FBI wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhonea user would have to consent to it.P “Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof,” Mr. Zdziarski said, but he pointed out that the judges order in this case required Apple to provide “reasonable security assistance” to unlock Mr. Farooks phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its own engineers “reasonable assistance” will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words, even if the F.B.I. wins this case, in the long run, it loses.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36. It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers private data.37. The US government believes that its access to peoples iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks.38. A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorists iPhone.39. Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to personal data.40. Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data on a massive scale.41. The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apples help.42. After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of encryption.43. According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.44. Timothy Cooks long web post has helped enhance Apples image.45. Apples CEO has decided to appeal the federal courts order to unlock a users iPhone.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.At the base of a mountain in Tanzanias Gregory Rift, Lake Natron burns bright red, surrounded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water. Bats, swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed in the deposits of sodium carbonate in the water. The lakes landscape is bizarre and deadlyand made even more so by the fact that its the place where nearly 75 percent of the worlds flamingos (火烈鸟) are born.The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos, however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once every three or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stop flight to breed. Three-quarters of the worlds flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the Rift Valley and nest on salt-crystal islands that appear when the water is at specific leveltoo high and the birds cant build their nests, too low and predators can more briskly across the lake bed and attack. When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe form predators by a corrosive ditch.“Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water,” says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester. “Humans cannot, and would die if their legs were exposed for any length of time.” So far this year, water levels have been too high for the flamingos to nest.Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons (泻湖) form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron. Three species of tilapia (罗非鱼) thrive there part-time. “Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the lagoons when the lake is low and the lagoons are separate,” Harper said. “All the lagoons join when the lake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die.” Otherwise, no fish are able to survive in the naturally toxic lake.This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has once again started mining the lake for soda ash, used for making chemicals, glass and detergents. Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away, drawing the soda ash in through pipelines, conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breeding grounds. For now, though, life prevailseven in a lake that kills almost everything it touches.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46. What can we learn about Lake Natron?A) It is simply uninhabitable for most animals.B) It remains little known to the outside world.C) It is a breeding ground for a variety of birds.D) It makes an ideal habitat for lots of predators.47. Flamingos nest only when the lake water is at a specific level so that their babies can _.A) find safe shelter more easily B) grow thick feathers on their feet C) stay away from predatorsD) get accustomed to the salty water48. Flamingos in the Rift Valley are unique in that _.A) they can move swiftly across lagoonsB) they can survive well in salty wa