3.1.2 动词的时态和语态（考点精析2+易错点聚焦+考点集训）-2024高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】课件（知识梳理+考点精练）.pptx

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复杂多变的动词复杂多变的动词专题3.1.2动词的时态和语态3.一般将来时考点分析一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,nextweek等。Thedoctorswillhaveanimportantmeetingtomorrowmorning.(2)表示趋向行为的动词如come,go,start,begin,leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。ThestudentsareleavingforShanghaionSunday.(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo的用法及区别begoingtodo在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象。ThenewhospitalisgoingtobeopenonOctober1st.betodo表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。Ameetingistobeheldat3:00oclocktomorrowafternoon.Youretobebackbeforeelevenoclockatnight.beabouttodo表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumniscomingsoonandautumnharvestisabouttostart.注意：begoingtodo表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。begoingtodo表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而willdo则能，表意愿。Ifitisfine,wellgofishing.Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.4.现在进行时考点分析现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；表示近期特定的安排或计划；go,come等表示位置移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always,often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或表达某种感情色彩。Look,thetrainisjustgettingintothestation.Theriverisflowingafterlastnightsrain.IammeetingMr.SmithZhangtonight.WeareleavingforBeijingonFriday.Thegirlisalwaystalkingwhilehavingameal.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,(dis)agree,mean,need,doubt,prefer,realize,appreciate,recognize,remember,suppose,understand,astonish,deny,impress,please,satisfy等。表示存在状态的动词：be,appear,concern,consist,contain,depend,deserve,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto等。表示行为结果的动词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。表示感官的动词：see(看见),hear(听见),feel(感觉出),taste(尝出),smell(闻到),notice(注意),observe(观察),look(看起来)等。5.过去进行时态考点分析过去进行时态考点分析1)过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.2)过去进行时的固定句型Jimwasreadingwhentheteachercamein.当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。JimwasreadingwhileKatewaswatchingTV.在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。JimcameinwhileKatewaswatchingTV.在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。请比较HewatchedTVlastnight.(过去时间lastnight，用一般过去时)HewaswatchingTVatninelastnight.(过去时间lastnight+点时间atnine，用过去进行时)6.现在完成时考点分析现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和for,since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks.),inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时。Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second.)timethat+主语+现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。IllgotomygrannysassoonasIhavefinishedmyhomework.Assoonashehasregainedhismemory,theproblemwillbesolved.Oncewehavepromised,weshouldkeepit.Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.7.过去完成时考点分析过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by,bytheendof,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。Bytheendoflastyear,wehadremembered2,000words.Thetrainhadjustleftbeforewereachedtherailwaystation.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.+tohavedone。Wehadplannedtofinishtheworkinadvance,butwewereheldupbyaheavytrafficjam.“时间名词+before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。Hetoldmethathisfatherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.YaoHuadongleftschoolfiveyearsago.在hardly/scarcely.when.,nosooner.than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly,scarcely,nosooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。Shehadhardlyhadtimetositandhavearestwhenthephonerangagain.=Hardlyhadshehadtimetositandhavearestwhenthephonerangagain.(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。Aftershe(had)leftthemeetingroom,thebosscamein.TheyarrivedinBeijingbeforeitsnowed.8.过去将来时考点分析过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。Healwayssaidthathewouldstudyhardernexttime.9.注意几组时态的区别注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时一般过去时与现在完成时现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡含有过去时间的，如ago,lastyear,justnow,theotherday等均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时过去完成时与一般过去时一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)的形式，则只用一般过去时即可，不需要用过去完成时。动词被动语态的核心考点动词被动语态的核心考点动词的被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语中也用“get/become+过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。Myparentsgavemeabeautifulgiftonmybirthday.Abeautifulgiftwasgiventome(bymyparents)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenabeautifulgift(bymyparents)onmybirthday.(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。Thebossmadehimworkfor14hoursaday.Hewasmadetoworkfor14hoursaday(bytheboss).(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher)inthekindergarten.Yourwritingandspellingskillshouldbepaidattentionto.(4)情态动词，begoingto,beto,besureto,haveto等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。Theycanrepairthemachineintwodays.Themachinecanberepairedintwodays.(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,consider,report等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用被动语态，后跟动词不定式。用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。Peoplesay(that)Henryisadiligentboy.Henryissaidtobeadiligentboy.ItissaidthatHenryisadiligentboy.FewpeopleknowMarieCuriewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.MarieCuriewasknowntobealsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.ItisknownthatMarieCuriewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.类似句型类似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat.2.不能用被动语态的几种情况不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto等。(2)表示状态的谓语动词及系动词，如：last,hold,contain,fit,cost,appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。(3)表示归属的动词，如：have,own,belongto等。(4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)定语是同源宾语(如：die/death,dream/dream,live/life等)、不定式，动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。3.主动表被动的九种情况总结主动表被动的九种情况总结1.连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如：Thegardenlooksverybeautiful.这个花园看上去很美。Yourideaprovedtobequiteright.你的想法证实是对的。2.当open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：Thedoorwontshut.这门关不上。Thosenovelswontsellquickly.这些小说不会销售得很快。3.有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如:Hercoatcaughtonthenailonthewall.她的大衣被墙上的钉子钩住了。Hereyesfilledwithtearsofgratitudeforhisloyalty,hispatience,andhislove.她的眼里满含感激的泪水，感谢他的忠诚，他的耐心以及他对她的爱。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.这个计划进展很成功。Thelampsonthewallturnedoff.墙上的灯熄灭了。4.不定式toblame,tolet用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如：Whoistoblamefortheaccident?这个事故该怪谁呢？Thehouseistolettosupportthefamily.此屋出租来养活一家人。5.某些“be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.这书很难懂。Themusicisntpleasanttolistento.这音乐不好听。Thepictureisinterestingtolookat.这幅画看起来挺有趣的。注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,safe,tough,tricky,unpleasant等。6.不定式用于某些动词(如：have,havegot,get,want,need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有时间帮助我们吗？Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。Iwantsomethingtodrink.我想喝点什么。注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较:Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)7.在too.todosth和enoughtodosth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为todosth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。如:Thewritingistoofainttoread.这笔迹太模糊，看不清。Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse(tobeused)asaplatform.这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。8.beworth后的动名词要用主动表被动。如：Thismovieisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。Shesnotworthgettingangrywith.犯不上跟她生气。注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，要用被动式表示被动含义：Thisbookisworthytoberead(ofbeingread).这本书值得一读。9.在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打扫了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.这些孩子需要照看。Thiswallrequiresrepairing.这面墙需要修理了。注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式，则要用被动式表被动。如：Thehouseneedstobecleaned.房子需要打扫了。Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.这些孩子需要照看。4.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况：beseated坐着；behidden躲藏；belost迷路；bedrunk喝醉；bedressed穿着5.被动语态与系表结构的区别此处的系表结构指“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别:被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)Thebookiswellsold.(系表结构)书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦1.中式英语比比皆是IverylikelistentomusicandeverydayIalsowillseesomenewspapers.IlikelisteningtomusicverymuchandeverydayIreadsomenewspapersaswell.(习惯性动词用一般现在时)IdontknowIshoulddowhat.IdontknowwhatIshoulddo.(误误)(正正)(误误)(正正)2.句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语Thewindowsbroken.Thewindowsare(were)broken.Today,thelargestnumberofpeoplespeakEnglishmaybeinChina.Today,thelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakEnglishmaybeinChina.Today,thelargestnumberofpeoplespeakingEnglishmaybeinChina.(误误)(正正)(误误)(正正)(正正)3.动词的时态、语态及系动词be的乱用Recently,theCCTVandsomeTVsbegantotakesomemeasures.Recently,theCCTVandsomeTVshavebeguntotakesomemeasures.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Shelikeditverymuchandreadittotheclass.Peoplewereusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.Peopleusedtobelievethattheearthwasflat.Ourvillagehastakenplacegreatchanges.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourvillage.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourvillage.(误误)(正正)(误误)(正正)(误误)(正正)(误误)(误误)(正正)考点集训考点集训题组一 动词时态集训单句语法填空1.SalesofCDshavedeclineddramaticallysincetheearly2010s,whenpeople_(begin)toenjoymusicdownloadedfromtheinternet.2.Withpeoplepayingattentiontofitness,self-servicemini-gyms,eachcoveringabout5squareMeters,_(spring)upinChinasmajorcitiestheseyears.3.Wecanfindbeautifullightintheotherperson,whichmaybepreciselywhatwe_(search)forallalong.beganhave sprunghave been searching4.Whenyouareabsorbedinabookorsimplytryingtorest,itseemsthatthephone_(ring)continuously,destroyingyourmomentarypeace.5.WeiboaswellasWeChat_(serve)asamediaplatformforpeopletosharetheirthoughtsinstantlywithoutlimitsofplaceortime.6.Atsixty,MaughamdecidedtowithdrawfromthetheaterandwroteTheSummingUp,inwhichhetriedtoreviewwhathe_(learn)fromhislifeandliterature.7.Linda_(attend)tohermotherforsolongthatshefiguresoutalmosteverygestureofhermothers.is ringingserveshad learnedhas attended8.Housingpriceshavebeenincreasingsinceafewyearsago.Therefore,itstimethecentralgovernment_(take)someeffectivemeasurestobringthemundercontrol.9.Theeventthat_(stand)outinmymemoryhappenedonemorningin1983whenIwas14yearsold.Ithasneverescaped.10.Astudyshowsaworryingtendencythatthewindowforsavingtheworldscoralreefsfromtheeffectsofglobalwarming_(close)rapidly.tookstandsis closing题组二 动词被动语态集训单句语法填空1.Throughoutthehistoryofmovie-making,Shakespearesplays_(adapt)forfilmsmorethantheworksofanyotherwriter.2.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhois_(blame)forthespoiledchild.3.Ifcitynoises_(notkeep)fromincreasing,peoplewillhavetoshouttobeheardevenatdinner.4.2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_(develop)andperfectednow.5.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_(complete).have been adaptedto blameare not keptare being developedis completed6.Rainforests_(cut)andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.7.Thenewsuspensionbridge_(design)bytheendoflastmonth.8.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_(break).9.TheEnglishexam,whichusedto_(take)intheafternoonofJuly8,hadnowbeenmovedtothemorningofJuly9.10.TuYouyouisthefirstChinesetowintheNoblePrizeinMedicine,she_(know)bymorepeoplenowadays.are being cuthad been designedwas brokenbe takenis known题组三 综合集训I.语法填空（动词时态和语态专练）Sciencefiction_(regard)bymanypeopleasamirrorthroughwhichourfuturecanbefreelyimaginedandexplored.The Three-Body Problem,writtenbyChinesewriterLiuCixin,_(be)oneofthoseastonishingpredictionsaboutthefuture.Thework_(publish)firstinaChinesesci-fimagazinein2006andprintedasathree-volumebookin2008.WhenthefirstvolumewastranslatedintoEnglishbyChinese-Americanauthor KenLiu,it_(attract)attentionaroundtheworld,becomingthefirstAsianwinneroftheHugoAwardforBestNovel.Thebook_(represent)manythemessuchasspaceexploration,aliencontact,AI,andthefutureofhumans.The Three-Body Problem beginswiththestoriesoftwounrelatedpeople,YeWenjieandWangMiao.Ye _(recruit)to join a secret project in a remote area of China,which_(set)uptocontactalienlifeforms.Intheotherstory,set20yearslater,WangMiaogetscaughtupinapopularonlinegamecalled“ThreeBody”,inwhichpeopleliveonanunknownplanetwiththreesuns.ButWangdiscoversitismorethanagameit_(uncover)agreatdangerthreateninghumanexistence.is regardediswas publishedattractedrepresentsis recruitedhas been setuncovers.增分写作训练有些老师说:“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。在读后续写中，对话较多，用主动更合适，当然具体情况具体对待，不可能千篇一律。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。1.WewillexhibitalltheartworksonthethirdflooroftheGalleryCenter.AlltheartworkswillbeexhibitedonthethirdflooroftheGalleryCenter.2.Weexpectyoutoarriveattheconcertontimebefore8:30oclock.Youareexpectedtoarriveattheconcertontimebefore8:30oclock.3.Wehaveselectedtheteachingplansfrom20pieceshandedinbytheteachersinthewholeschool.Theteachingplanshavebeenselectedfrom20pieceshandedinbytheteachersinthewholeschool.Thankyouforyourlistening