Unit 4 Words and Expressions 重点单词详解课件-2023-2024学年高中英语同步备课堂（人教版2019）（选择性必修第一册）.pptx

Unit 4 Words and Expressions1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变_adj.各种各样的_n.种类；多样化variety variousa variety of(varieties ofvarious)各种各样的各种各样的核心用法核心用法vary from.to.=vary between.and.由到不等vary in.在(大小、形状等)上不同vary with.随而变化1.My doctor said I should vary my diet.医生说我应该使日常饮食更加多样化。2.The heights of these plants vary between 8cm and 20cm.植物的高度从8厘米到20厘米不等。3.The diamonds vary in size,so they have different prices.钻石大小不同，所以价格也不同。4.A variety of data have been collected from various sources.种类繁多的数据从各方面搜集来。5.The prices of some goods vary with the season货品价格随四季变动即学即练即学即练The quality of their products never _(vary);it is always excellent.More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers _(vary)goods.For _(vary)of reasons,I am afraid I cant adopt your advice.With the development of economy,there are varieties _ goods in stores,varying _ daily groceries to luxury goods,which greatly enrich peoples life.In addition,the goods vary _ the season _ variety and quantity.活学巧记 America is regarded as a melting pot,where exist a_ of ethnic and cultural groups with_ customs.Sometimes peoples customs can_ with time.美国被称为一个熔炉，在那里存在着多种多样的有着不同风俗习惯的民族和文化群体。有时人们的风俗习惯会随时间而变化。varyvarietyvarious2.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的_ adv.合适地；恰当地_不合适inappropriateappropriately核心用法核心用法be appropriate to/for 适合于.be appropriate for sb to do sth.某人做某事是合适的It is appropriate that sb.(should)do.某人做是合适的His clothes were not appropriate for such a season.他的衣服不适宜在这样的季节穿。It was appropriate that she(should)keep silent at the time.当时她保持沉默是合适的。The old woman knew how to dress herself appropriately every day.这个老太太知道如何每天得体地穿着。即学即练即学即练The book was written in a style appropriate the age of the children.Its necessary for you to make your child know that you expect him to act (appropriate)towards other people.It is appropriate for us (enjoy)nature and taste life,which brings us enormous benefit.It is entirely appropriate that his music (play)at this festival.We need to ensure the education the students receive is .我们需要确保学生们所接受的教育符合他们的需要。for/toappropriatelyto enjoy(should)be playedappropriate to theirneeds3.approve v.赞成；同意赞成；同意.批准；通过批准；通过_n.赞成；认可；批准_v.不赞成；不同意disapproval n核心用法核心用法(1)approve of sth.同意/赞同某事approve of ones/sb.doing sth.同意/赞同某人做某事be approved by被批准(2)approval n.批准；认可；赞同give ones approval to批准 win/earn ones approval得到某人的赞成 approvaldisapprove 1.The course is approved by the Ministry of Education.该课程已获教育部核准。2.I dont really approve of children wearing makeup.我不赞成孩子化妆。3.It is incredible that my son has made such an important decision without my approval.我儿子未经我的许可就做了如此重要的决定，真是让人难以置信。4.The rewarding job won him many approving glances.I approve of you (try)to make some money,but please dont neglect your studies.I would appreciate it if my application could get your (approve).She wanted to train for the theatre but her parents (approve)of her intention.A survey shows that not all parents the weekend classes.一项调查显示，并不是所有的父母都赞成他们的孩子上周末班。tryingapprovaldisapprovedapprove of their children attending即学即练即学即练4.witness v.当场看到，目击；见证当场看到，目击；见证 n.目击者，证人目击者，证人核心用法核心用法(1)witness sth.目击某事;见到；当场看到；见证(2)be(a)witness to 作为的证明bear/give witness to sth.为作证，证明(3)witness for sb为某人作证Several residents claimed to have witnessed the attack.几个居民声称他们亲眼目睹那起袭击事件。The last forty years have witnessed great changes in our country.（无灵主语）过去的40年见证了我们国家的重大变化。His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。Peter decided to appear as(a)witness for the prosecution.彼得决定出庭为原告作证。单句语法填空单句语法填空One witness _ the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.It was an extraordinary experience _(witness)the first sunrise of the new millennium.完成句子完成句子The police found _(一个的目击证人)the accident and asked her to _(作证).Many people _(目睹了那场事故)because it happened during the rush hour.巧学助记：The_ who had_the accident promised to be_in court.那场事故的目击者承诺会出庭作证。toto witnessa witness togive witnesswitnessed the accidenta witnesswitnesswitnessed即学即练即学即练5.employ v.使用；应用；雇用使用；应用；雇用_n.雇主；老板 _n.雇工；雇员_n.职业；工作；使用 核心用法核心用法1.employ sb.as.雇用某人当2.employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事3.employ onself in doing sth/be employed in doing sth从事于/忙于(做)某事 out of employment 失业Many local people are employed as guides in the tourism industry.在旅游业中，很多当地人受雇做导游。A number of people have been employed to design the theme park.许多人被雇来设计这个主题公园。She was employed in making a list of all the work to be done.她忙着把所有要做的工作列一个清单。I got this job through an employment agency.我通过一家职业介绍所找到了这份工作。employer employee employment unemploymentThe _(employ)warned the _(employ)to work hard or they would be fired._(employ)in teaching,he has no time to take care of his family,which makes his wife upset.His mother is employed an accountant in an international company.The college actually employed her (take)over the DNA project.These days my friend Chris has been employed writing a new book all the time.The job provides eight weeks of paid (employ)along with training.活学巧记：_rate has increased recently.The reason is that a lot of companies want to _enough workers.Also,_offer higher pay to the qualified_最近就业率有所攀升，原因是许多公司想雇用足够的人手。此外，老板也给符合资格的员工支付更高的工资。asto takeinemploymentemployees.Employmentemployemployers6.differ v.相异；不同于相异；不同于_n.不同；差异 _ adj.不同的；有区别的 be different from.核心用法核心用法differ from.和不同differ in.在方面不同differ with sb.on/about/over.在上不同意某人的看法make a/no difference to sb./sth.对某人/某物有/没有影响tell the difference between A and B(=tell A and B apart)区分A和B differencedifferent distinct 1.Customs differ in different countries.各国风俗不同。2.The twins differ from each other in character.这对双胞胎性格迥异。3.I have to differ with you on that.在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。4.One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，差之千里。The two nations differ the culture and climate.That fashion in different countries differs each other reflects the cultural differences.In our daily life,everyone fails every now and then.It is how you react that makes a (different).British English is (differ)from American English in pronunciation and spelling.巧学助记：They are twin sisters.Its hard to tell the_between them in appearance.However,they are_from each other in their habits and they also_from each other in many other ways.But that makes no_and they get on very well.她们是双胞胎姐妹。在外貌上难以辨别她们。然而，她们有不同的习惯，在其他很多方面也不相同。但那没有影响，她们相处得很融洽。infromdifferencedifferent即学即练即学即练differencedifferentdifferdifference7.favour=favor v.较喜欢；选择；有利于较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同帮助；恩惠；赞同_adj.赞同的；有利的_adj.最喜欢的 n.心爱的人/物 核心用法核心用法do sb.a favour 帮某人忙show favour to sb 偏袒某人ask sb.a favour=ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙in favour of 赞成；支持in sb.s favour 对某人有利owe sb.a favour 欠某人人情favourite favourableCan I ask a favour of you?=Can I ask you a favour?我能请您帮个忙吗?A teacher shouldnt show too much favour to one of his students.老师不应该太偏袒他的某一个学生。From his satisfied expression,we concluded that he was in favour of the plan.从他满意的神情来看，我们断定他支持这个计划。Favourable policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development.优惠政策有效地鼓励了员工的职业发展。“in名词of”其他短语有in need of需要in celebration of为了庆祝in praise of称赞in honour of向表示敬意in case of万一in memory of为了纪念用favour的相关短语完成句子My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _(支持)it.They were excited because the score was 31 _(对他们有利)Please _(帮我个忙)and turn down the radio while I am on the phone.Im sorry to disturb you,but I have to _(请你帮忙)in the hope that you could pick up my friend from the airport.单句语法1.Parttime workers shouldnt receive less (favour)treatment than fulltimes.2.I like all the books on the shelf but this one is my (favour).即学即练即学即练favourablefavourite8.reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的可靠的；可信赖的 _adv.可靠地；可信地_v 依靠；依赖；信赖_ n可靠(性)；可信(性)核心用法核心用法rely on/upon=depend on/upon 依靠；信任；依赖rely on it that.相信A man who is dead to the justice is not reliable.一个没有正义感的人是不可信的。I rely on him because he is reliable.我依靠他是因为他很可靠。He is a person that you can rely on.他是一个你可以信赖的人。You may rely on it that she wont be late.你可以放心，她不会迟到的。relyreliability reliably1.In order to ensure childrens health,we are determined to provide milk products with (rely)sources.2.You can rely on him (help)you when you are in trouble.3.The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments and they can learn to rely themselves quickly.4.Dont always rely on that others will lend you a hand when youre in trouble.Do depend on yourself.5.I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate and _(reliable)than television.6.You can _(相信)Peter would like to accept the suggestion.reliableto helpon/uponitmore reliablerely/depend on it that即学即练即学即练9.break down 消除；分解；打破；失败；被搞垮；出故障消除；分解；打破；失败；被搞垮；出故障1.They finally broke down their longstanding misunderstanding against each other and became friends again.他们两人终于解开了长期存在的误解，重归于好。2.The car broke down on the way to the airport.车在去机场的路上抛锚了。3.Your health will break down if you work too hard.若工作太累，身体会垮的。4.The peace talk broke down with no agreement reached.和平会谈失败，没有达成任何协议。If George keeps on working so hard,his health will break down sooner or later.What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes.The machine broke down yesterday,but it has been fixed.Attempts must be made to break down the barrier between the two communities.垮掉垮掉分解分解出故障出故障消除消除break away(from)离开；脱离break out(火灾、战争等)突然爆发break into 破门而入；突然起来break in 打断；插嘴；破门而入break up 破碎；(使关系等)破裂；驱散；解散；分拆，分解break through 冲破；突破 即学即练即学即练1.Their stu college would break up the next month,so they decided to break _ their band.2.A big fire broke _ last night and its cause is being looked into.3.When he got home,he found his house broken _.4.See,your computer has broken _ again!It doesnt make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.upoutintodown10.assessment n.评价；评定评价；评定 核心用法核心用法make an assessment of 对作出评估assess v.评定；评估；估算(access)assess sth.at 估价为assess sb./sth.(as sth.)评估，评定(性质、质量)1.The assessment sounds reasonable and is probably close to the truth.评估合情合理，几乎接近事实。2.After the flood,they assessed the loss at 10 million.洪水过后，他们估算损失为一千万元。3.The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers.这些年轻人被评定为谨慎驾驶员和不谨慎驾驶员两类。First aid requires rapid (assess)of victims to decide whether lifethreatening conditions exist.Much to our surprise,the loss of that company in the fire was assessed one million dollars.That means you must be able (assess)when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it.I think it may take some time before we can of the damage to the environment.我认为可能要过一段时间我们才能对环境遭到的破坏作出评估。assessmentatto assessmake an assessment即学即练即学即练11.in other words 换句话说，也就是说换句话说，也就是说核心用法核心用法in a/one word 总之；简言之 keep ones word 遵守诺言 break ones word 失信；不守诺言have a word with.与谈一谈 have words with.与拌嘴/吵架beyond words 无法用言语表达word comes/came that.有消息说1.Im not used to the way you speak to me.In other words,I dont want to continue our conversation.我不习惯你对我说话的方式。也就是说，我不想继续我们的谈话了。2.The policeman decided to have a word with that witness.那位警察决定和目击证人谈一谈。3.Once we break our word,nobody will trust us again.一旦我们食言，就不会再有人相信我们了。Five people make up the team;,the team is made up of five people.五个人组成了这个团队。换句话说，这个团队是由五个人组成的。,we must take measures to protect rare animals.总之，我们必须采取措施来保护珍稀动物。I was very angry and him over the matter.我很生气，和他就这件事吵了起来。that Linda won the first place in the English competition yesterday.消息传来说琳达在昨天的英语竞赛上得了第一名。in other wordsIn a/one wordhad words withWord came即学即练即学即练11.tendency n.趋势；倾向趋势；倾向核心用法核心用法have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向tend v.趋向；易于；照顾；护理tend(to).照料，护理(tend(to)patients)tend to do sth.易于做某事；倾向于做某事1.Roughly speaking,the tendency of the market is still uncertain.大体来说，市场的趋势仍不确定。2.I have a tendency to talk too much when Im nervous.我紧张时总爱唠叨。3.Women tend to live longer than men.女人往往比男人长寿。4.We tend to get cold winters and warm,dry summers in this part of the country.在我国这个地区，往往冬季寒冷而夏季温暖干燥。The teacher has a (tend)to get off topic;sometimes it is difficult for students to make out what he is saying.Research shows that if we are faced with too much information,we have a tendency (make)poor choices.Occupied with routine office tasks,she had no time to tend her children.Many people tend (talk)about traditions without knowing what they really are.There is for people to work at home instead of in offices.人们在家工作而不是在办公室工作的趋势日益增长。tendencyto maketoto talka growing tendency即学即练即学即练12.occupy v.占据；占用占据；占用_n.占领；职业；工作_ adj.忙于的；已被占用的核心用法核心用法occupy oneself with sth.忙于(做)某事occupy oneself(in)doing sth.忙于做某事be occupied with sth.忙于某事be occupied in(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事occupied occupation 1.I cant meet you on Sunday.Ill be otherwise occupied.星期天我不能见你了。我要忙别的事情。2.She occupied herself with routine office tasks.她忙于办公室的日常工作。3.He is fully occupied in looking after three young children.照顾三个年幼的孩子使他忙得不可开交。4.We need your accurate information:your name,age,occupation and so on.我们需要你的准确信息:姓名、年龄、职业，等等。(occupy)with her work,she didnt even notice the heavy snowfall outside the window.Having retired from business,he now occupies himself the welfare of the disabled.In many of the caves there is evidence of human (occupy).I have been my work that I havent had time for social activities.我一直太忙于工作，以至于没有时间参加社交活动。Occupiedwithoccupationso occupied with即学即练即学即练13.stare v.盯着看；凝视盯着看；凝视.凝视凝视1.I stared at the door and wondered why she didnt turn up.我盯着门看，心想她为什么没有出现。2.The teacher glared at the boys when they laughed loudly at class.当男孩子们在课堂上大笑时，老师怒视着他们。3.The man glanced nervously at his watch.那个男人紧张地看了一眼手表。4.The men all turned to look at her as she entered the room.当她走进房间时，所有男士都转过来朝她看。Its impolite to foreign visitors in the street.在大街上盯着外国游客看是不礼貌的。Jane the envelope and recognized her uncles handwriting.简看了一眼信封就认出了她叔叔的笔迹。He didnt shout;he just me silently.他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。stare atglanced atglared at14.distinguish v.区分；辨别区分；辨别核心用法核心用法distinguish between A and B 区分A和Bdistinguish.from.把与区分开来distinguish oneself as.作为而出名distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for.因而出名be distinguished as.作为而出名1.Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.有时候现实和幻想很难区分。2.She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.作为运动员她已享有盛名。3.You should learn to distinguish between right and wrong.你应学会明辨是非。4.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。5.He is distinguished for his knowledge of linguistics.他因语言学的知识而著名。15.anxiety n.焦虑；担心；害怕焦虑；担心；害怕 _adv.不安地，忧虑地 _adj 渴望的；担忧的核心用法核心用法with anxiety 焦虑地be anxious to do sth.急于做某事be anxious for/about sb./sth.担心/忧虑某人/某事be anxious for sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事be anxious that(“should+动词原形”，should可省略)急切希望anxiouslyanxious1.This has caused us much anxiety.这事使我们极为担心。2.The old woman was waiting for the return of her relatives with anxiety.那位老妇人焦虑地等待亲人归来。3.She was anxious for children all to leave her room.她渴望孩子们全都离开她的房间。4.We were anxious that everyone(should)know the truth.我们渴望人人都了解实情。If youre worried about your health,share your (anxious)with your doctor.(anxious),she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didnt fit.According to the expert,as children grew,they became more anxious(get)more public approval.Her parents waited anxiety for