专题1.1 名词（重温高考+考点精析+易错点聚焦+考点集训）-2024高考英语一轮复习【语法精准突破】课件（知识梳理+考点精练）.pptx
专题1.1名词第一讲第一讲 需要需要“变形变形”的名词、形容词和副词的名词、形容词和副词单句语法填空1.(2023全国II)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive_(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.解析：考查名词单复数。句意：他们还需要准备好接受国际记者的英语采访。这里指他们要接受多次采访。故用interviews。2.(2023全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethat/whichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural_(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.解析：考查名词单复数。句意：不过，尽管北京有许多古老的建筑，但它也是一个欢迎现代生活快速发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里指21世纪的很多奇迹和过去的历史建筑的比较。故用wonders。重温真题考向考向1 名词的数与格名词的数与格interviewswonders3.(2022全国I)TheGPNPsmaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate_(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventually(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.解析：考查名词单复数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。4.(2022全国II)“Hesavedmy_(son)life,”saidMrs.Brown.解析：考查名词所有格。设空处修饰后面的life，life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应使用名词所有格。故用sons。populationssons5.(2021全国I)Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_(human)are.解析：考查名词单复数。human是可数名词，和其前的we是同位关系，故用其复数形式humans。6.(2020全国II)Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomearequirementformostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmost_(profession).解析：考查名词的数。profession意为“职业”，是可数名词。根据most可知，这里要用复数形式professions。humansprofessions7.(20186月浙江高考)MakingChinese_(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.解析：考查名词单复数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。8.(2017全国I)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside_(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdiseasetheverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.解析：sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweightandheartdisease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。disheseffects9.(2017全国II)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible_(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.解析:crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词,故应用复数形式。10.(2017全国)Shehasturneddownseveral_(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.解析：several几个，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。11.(2017浙江)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall_(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.解析：ahandfulof一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。ahandfulofcarrots几个胡萝卜。carrotsinvitationscrowds单句语法填空1.(2023全国甲卷)However,Casonsthemeisamoreweighty_(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.解析：考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。2.(2023全国II)SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe_(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.解析：考查名词。设空处前有定冠词，后有介词of，因此应该用名词形式。故用arrival。考向考向 2 词形变换之名词词形变换之名词warningarrival3.(2021全国II)Acompany_(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingovertheplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.解析：考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1,200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空做句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。4.(2020全国I)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular_(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.解析：考查名词形式。“beof+抽象名词”是一个固定结构，常用做表语，相当于其形容词形式做表语。故用interest。representativeinterest3.(2020全国II)Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea_(require)formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmostprofessions.解析：考查名词。根据前面的冠词a可知，所填的词是单数可数名词。故用requirement。4.(2019全国卷I)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa_(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.解析：考查词性转换之名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。5.(2019全国卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting_(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.解析：考查词性转换之名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式towatch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。beliefcompetitionrequirement6.(2019浙江卷)OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno_(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.解析：考查词性转换之名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词,“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。7.(2017全国)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.解析：空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。8.(2017全国)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher_(educate).解析：形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。connection/connectionsintroductioneducation考点精析框架结构图名词数可数名词不可数名词分类单数变复数的基本规则单数名词复数名词格构词法(后缀)具有某种职业动作的人具有抽象名词含义的词名词的核心考点1.可数名词的数可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。(1)单、复数同形。如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works(工厂)。(2)合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends，go-betweengo-betweens(中间人),grown-upgrown-ups;passer-bypassers-by,looker-onlookers-on;womandoctorwomendoctors。(3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服”“工具”等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a/an，但可以用apairof/twopairsof,many等修饰。如：clothes衣服，tights紧身裤，jeans牛仔裤，pajamas睡衣，pants(长裤子)，shorts短裤，socks短袜，stockings长袜，trousers裤子，glasses眼镜，chopsticks筷子，compasses圆规，pincers钳子，scissors剪刀，scales天平等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用a/an,apairof等修饰，只能用many,agreatmany,alotof等修饰。如：arms武器，belongings所有物，congratulations祝贺，contents目录，earnings收入，fireworks烟火，goods商品，leavings剩余物，pains辛劳，spirits情绪，savings积蓄，stairs楼梯，surroundings环境，wages工资等。(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery,furniture,mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如:Thecrewislarge.船员人数很多（指整体)。Thecrewarealltired.船员们都累坏了（指个体）。2.不可数名词的数不可数名词的数(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词抽象名词(不可数不可数)具体化具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词）表达个体概念时，是可数名词）insurprise惊讶地asurprise一件令人惊讶的事winsuccess获得成功asuccess一个(件)成功的人(事)winhonour赢得荣誉anhonour一个(件)引起尊敬的人（事）failure失败afailure一个（件）失败的人（事）byexperience靠经验anexperience一次经历withpleasure乐意apleasure一件乐事抽象名词与a(n)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。ThebosswantedanassistantwithaknowledgeofFrenchandworkingexperience.Wouldyouliketohaveawalk(swim,bath,talk)withme?Itisawasteoftimegoingtothedoctorwithmostmildcomplaints.Thatsthenearestapproachtoanapologyyoullgetfromhim.(2)有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如：somecoffee一些咖啡，acoffee一杯咖啡，threecoffees三杯咖啡；somedrink一些饮料，adrink一杯饮料，threedrinks三杯饮料；hishair他的头发，afewgreyhairs几根白发；glass玻璃，aglass一只玻璃杯。3.名词所有格名词所有格(1)-s所有格theboysmother,thechildrenstoys,theteachersbooks,LucyandLilysbedroom(共用)，LucysandLilysbedrooms(各自的)(2)“of+名词”所有格theroofofthehouse,thecoverofthebook,thenameofthegirl,apictureofmyfather(3)双重所有格afriendofmybrothers(=oneofmybrothersfriends),apicureofmyfathers(=oneofmyfatherspictures)(4)-s所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：Tomshome,thedoctors,thecompanysnewfactory等。Ihaveanappointmentatthedoctors.WestayedatToms.ItisntexactlyBuckHouse,butitscomfortableenough.用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todaysnewspaper,fiveminuteswalk(drive),fivepoundsweight,tendollarsworthofcoffee。Youcancomputetheforwardratesfromtodaysnewspaperortodayswebsite.用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：theworldspopulation,Chinasindustry,NewYorksparks。Whatcanbedonetoensureenoughfoodfortheworldspopulationtoliveon?(5)所有格的句法功能表所有关系JacksbrotherIn1875,theGardnersadoptedthe3sonsofJacksbrother,whohadrecentlydied.表主谓关系Mr.WangspraiseHaveyoureceivedMr.Wangspraiseyet?表动宾关系thefamousstarsadmirersTheyarethefamousstarsadmirers.表修饰关系adoctorsdegreeIshouldsayitwouldbebetterforyoutogetadoctorsdegree.表同位关系（只用of所有格)thecityofBeijingManyancientbuildingshavebeenpreservedinthecityofBeijing.4.名词的功能名词的功能(1)可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语Maryisgoingtomeetyouattheinternationalairport.MybrotherisaworkerwhileIamateacher.Heboughtanewbookinthenewly-builtbookstore.Weelectedhimmonitorofourclassinthenewterm.(2)作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。分类意义lightpollution光污染coffeecup咖啡杯bodylanguage身体语言roadaccident交通事故theNobelPrize诺贝尔奖roomnumber房间号码时间、地点、称呼等DoctorJim吉姆医生ProfessorWang王教授eveningschool夜校wintersleep冬眠表目的、来源、材料、所属意义receptiondesk接待处sportsmeeting运动会historylesson历史课colorTV彩电(3)作状语名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。Hewillcometoseeyounextweek.(4)作同位语Tom,ourmanager,leftthecompanyforbusinesslastweek.名词与其他词类的词性转化1.动词变名词的后缀-al表示人，物，行为：(特殊：去e+-al)approve赞成approval赞成survive幸存survival幸存arrive到达arrival到达refuse拒绝refusal拒绝propose提议proposal提议；建议-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为:appear出现appearance出现;外貌 perform表演performance表演exist存在existence存在prefer较喜欢preference偏爱refer参考；查阅reference参考；查阅depend依靠dependence依赖；依靠guide指引guidance引导;指导-ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为;direct指挥;指导direction方向;指导expect期待expectation期待;期望explain解释explanation解释invite邀请invitation邀请;请柬solve解决solution解决compete竞争competition比赛;竞争pronounce发音pronunciation发音describe描述description描写repeat重复repetition重复-s(s)ion表示行为或状态；discuss讨论discussion讨论admit承认admission承认；准许加入collide碰撞collision碰撞（或相撞）事故tense拉紧；绷紧tension紧张decide决定decision决定-ing具有(特征)的：hear听hearing听力；听觉listen听listening听；听力begin开始beginning开始部分 write写writing写作-ment表示行为、结果等：(去e)argue争论argument争论；论据-ure/-ture表示行为或状态：fail失败failure失败press压；挤pressure压力mix混合mixture混合物expose暴露exposure面临；暴露-y表示的动作(或过程)：recover恢复recovery恢复；痊愈discover发现discovery发现其他常见变化：choose选择choice选择vary相异variety多样化；品种tend倾向tendency趋向；趋势urgeurgencygrow生长growth生长warm温暖warmth暖和marry结婚marriage婚姻carry搬carriage客车厢；运输pack收拾（行李)package包；盒post邮寄postage邮资;邮费store贮存storage贮存2.形容词变名词的后缀-age集合：short短的shortage不足;短缺-cy表示性质、状态：fluent流利luency流利；流畅accurate准确的accuracy准确(性)private私有的privacy隐私efficient效率高的efficiency效率-dom表示地位、状况等：free自由的freedom自由wise明智的wisdom智慧-ness表示性质、状态：dark黑的darkness黑暗weak虚弱的weakness虚弱kind友好的kindness善良cold寒冷的coldness冷淡；冷漠aware知道的；意识到的awareness知道；意识-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态：warm温暖的warmth温暖true真的truth真相deep深的depth深（度）strong强壮的strength力量long长的length长度wide宽的width宽度-y/-ity表示性质或状态：difficult困难的difficulty困难honest诚实的honesty诚实safe安全的safety安全cruel残忍的cruelty残忍responsible负责的responsibility责任ent变为ence，ant变为ance，nd变为nse:different不同的difference不同(之处)silent沉默的；不说话的silence寂静patient有耐心的patience耐心absent缺席的absence缺席present出席的presence出席confident自信的confidence信心convenient方便的convenience便利important重要的importance重要(性)respond回应response响应defend防御;保卫defense/defence防御;保护书面表达中名词易错点聚焦1.书面表达中对于复数名词易疏漏书面表达中对于复数名词易疏漏-s或或-es(误)Shesaidshedliketomakefriendwithyou.(正)Shesaidshedliketomakefriendswithyou.(误)Allthepictureondisplayattheexhibitionareofgreatvalue.(正)Allthepicturesondisplayattheexhibitionareofgreatvalue.2.部分名词的复数错误部分名词的复数错误如：familys,knifes,difficultys,pianoes,heros,womandoctors,tooths,childrens,medias。3.部分词性易混作名词部分词性易混作名词动词误作名词动词误作名词形容词误作名词形容词误作名词动词名词形容词名词succeedsuccesshonesthonestyaffecteffecthealthyhealth4.可数与不可数名词混淆可数与不可数名词混淆不可数不可数可数可数takeactiontakemeasuressomeadvicesomesuggestionstakeexerciseeyeexercisesmakeprogressmakemistakesinformationcontributionsI.单句语法填空1.ThehardestchallengeisfindingabalancebetweenGulangyuasatourist_(attract),alocalcommunity,andahistoricalmonument.2.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhose_(create)wouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.3.A new _(collect)of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarcticvoyagebacktolife.4.Handle the most important tasks first so you will feel a real sense of_(achieve).5.Recent_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.考点集训考点集训attractioncreationcollectionachievementstudies6.When the time came to make a final _(decide)for a course,Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.7.Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthe_(discuss)butfinallyshegavevoicetoheropiniononthesubject.8.Unjust as the _(punish)was,he accepted it without anycomplaint.9.IhadtodeclineJacks_(invite)tohisbirthdaypartybecauseitconflictedwithanimportantconference.10.Outsideofthemoviemarket,ShanghaiDisneyResorthasalreadyhitover11 million admissions in its first year,which exceeded(超出)Disneysforecastsand_(expect).decisiondiscussionpunishmentinvitationexpectations.语法填空(名词专练)Thedaythatyouallthe_(satisfy)ofhavingallthehouseworkdonebyarobotmightstillbeafew_(decade)off.Butincreasinglyengineersaresayingthat_(robot)aregoingtomaketheleapfromthefactoryfloortoyourfamilyroom.BillGatesoncepredictedthe“DawnoftheAgeofRobots”.Whatsbehindthisnewera?Itspartlyamatteroftechnology._(device)thatcanrecognizeandrespondto_humanvoicehavebeendeveloped.Therearenowafewdifferentwaysforrobotstomovearound.Theycanwalk,crawlorrideon_(wheel).Theyarebeingmadesmallerthesedaysandalsobecomingmoreefficient.Abiggerpartofthestorydependsonthe_(consume).Peoplearoundtheworldhavetirelesslysearchedforwaystogetlaziersince_1950swhenthetelevisionremotecontrolwasinvented.Alsoconsideringtheincreasingwealthof_(person),engineersbelievetheopportunityappearsripetointroducerobotstoeaseourdaily_(life).Robotswilldomostofthebasichouseworkorjusthelpyouhavemorefunonthebasketballcourt.satisfaction(s)robotsdecadesconsumerspeopleDeviceswheelsthelivesa
