高二英语人教版选择性必修二课前导学Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Learning about Language—2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册课前导学.docx

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Learning about Language2023-2024学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册课前导学一、 课前预习过去分词作表语和状语时与动词-ing形式的比较1. 过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语时，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系。如：We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.我们很惊讶地发现竟没有人受伤。By the way, the machine is simply amazing.顺便提一句，这台机器简直太了不起了。Do you feel frightened when walking home alone in the dark?你在黑夜单独走路回家会感到害怕吗？Walking home alone in the dark can be frightening.在黑夜单独走路回家可能是很可怕的。2. 过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语时，一般在句子中表示时间、原因或伴随状态等。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成义，而动词-ing形式则表示主动关系。如：Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.从山上看时，这座城市非常美。Seeing the police, he made a run for the exit.一看到警察他就向出口奔去。.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.在他事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。He sat at the table, reading a magazine.他坐在桌子旁看杂志。过去分词作表语1. 过去分词可放在连系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的情绪或状态。He seemed quite delighted at the news.听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别“be +过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时的过去分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。The book is well written.这本书写得很好。（系表结构，强调主语所处的状态）The book was written by Mo Yan.这本书是莫言写的。（被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作）3. 英语中有很多与感觉有关的使令动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“感到的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。注意：有些使令动词，如dress，seat，absorb等，其过去分词无论作定语还是表语，都无被动的意味。因为dress oneself in等于 be dressed in；seat oneself on等于 be seated on；absorb oneself in等于be absorbed in。这种现象缘于反身代词的用法：主语和宾语为同一人，主语是动作的发出者，又是动作的承受者，这就出现了被动语态或过去分词不表示“被动”的语言现象。过去分词作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，表示动作发生的背景或情况，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词（短语）在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。1. 表示时间过去分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked about his impression of the apartment, he made no answer.= When he was asked about his impression of the apartment, he made no answer.当被问到他对公寓的印象时，他没有回答。2. 表示原因过去分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.= Because he was seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.由于他伤得很严重，只能把他送到医院。Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.= Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.由于被这个故事深深地感动了，孩子们哭了起来。3. 表示条件过去分词（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。United, we stand; divided, we fall.= If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。4. 表示让步过去分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。.Rejected many times，he didn't lose heart.= Though he was rejected many times, he didn't lose heart.他虽然被拒绝了多次，但并没有失去信心。5. 表示方式或伴随过去分词（短语）作方式或伴随状语，可以转换成一个并列句。The boy slid out of his room, followed by his pet dog.= The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog.那个男孩溜出了房间，后面跟着他的宠物狗。注意：（1）过去分词（短语）作状语，前面可以带有相应的连词（词组），如when，until， though，although，as if，as though，if，unless等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。When（they are）exposed to light, potatoes will turn green.马铃薯在光的照射下会变绿。（2）句子主语和过去分词（短语）之间是被动关系，和现在分词（短语）之间是主动关系。试比较：Caught in a heavy rain, he was late for the interview.由于碰上了一场大雨，所以他面试迟到了。Looking out of the window, I saw some students sweeping up the bits of paper.朝窗外望去，我看见一些学生正在清扫纸屑。（3）过去分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。If caught, the police will punish the thief.（×）If caught, the thief will be punished by the police（）小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.（his face是分词covered的逻辑主语）那个男孩跑进教室，脸上全是汗。（4）有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示主语的某种情绪或状态。常见的这类形容词化的过去分词有satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed等。Disappointed at the examination result, the girl stood there without saying a word.因为对考试成绩很失望，那个女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。二、自我检测1._(raise) in the poorest area in Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.2._(absorb) in painting, John didnt notice the evening approaching.3.A storm of laughter _ (arise) and even the youngest child joined in.4.While waiting for the opportunity to get _(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.5._(translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.6.One of the best ways to learn _ idiom is by looking at the context in which it is used.7.The visiting professor is very good except that he speaks English with _ strong Japanese accent.8.Honestly speaking, all of my success is owed _ him because I would get nowhere without his help.9.Only if these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed _ the next stage.10.Contrary _ what we had expected, the noodles and rice they served on the plane were quite delicious.答案及解析1.答案：Raised解析：句意为: 在格拉斯哥最贫困的地方长大, 他走过了一段漫长且艰难的路才成为一个足球明星。raise意为"抚养, 养育", 此处应用非谓语动词形式作状语, raise和其逻辑主语he构成被动关系, 故填Raised。 2.答案：Absorbed解析： 本题主要考查非谓语动词。结合句意，约翰全神贯注于绘画，并没有注意到夜晚即将来临。分析句子结构可知本句的谓语动词是didn't notice，因此填空处应为非谓语动词，且absorb与John为逻辑上的被动关系，所以填空处应用过去分词形式。单词位于句首首字母需要大写。故正确答案为Absorbed。3.答案：arose解析：考查时态。句意:全场一阵哄堂大笑,连最小的孩子也跟着笑了起来。根据and后的joined可知,此处应该用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。4.答案：promoted解析： 考查过去分词。句意：在等待升职的机会时，亨利不遗余力地去履行他的职责。此处为get done结构，故填promoted。5.答案：Translated解析：句意: 翻译成英语后, 这个句子的词序完全不同了。translate和主语the sentence之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 所以用动词-ed形式作状语。 6.答案：an解析：句意为:学习习语最好的方法之一就是看它使用的语境。idiom是可数名词,此处是泛指一个习语,其前应用不定冠词, idiom发音以元音音素开头,故填an。7.答案：a解析：句意为:这位客座教授很好,除了他的英语带着浓重的日本口音这一点。accent是可数名词,此处泛指日本口音,其前应用不定冠词。故填a。8.答案：to解析：句意为:老实说,我所有的成功都归功于他,因为如果没有他的帮助,我将一事无成。owe sth to sb意为“把归功于”,本句为其被动形式。故填to。9.答案：to解析：句意为:只有满足了这些条件,申请才能进行下一步。proceed to意为“继续下去;进行”。故填to。10.答案：to解析：句意为:与我们预料的相反,他们在飞机上供应的面条和米饭非常美味。contrary to为固定搭配,意为“与相反”。故填to。 版权所有©正确教育 侵权必究！