教材全解•高中英语选择性必修第一册•人教版•语境记单词.docx

教材全解·高中英语选择性必修第一册·人教版·语境记单词UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT1 Tu Youyou is awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine because she has discovered artemisinin，a crucial drug for malaria.In fact，artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. After graduating from university，Tu Youyou worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She committed herself to the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. She and her scientific research team tried to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. They evaluated 280，000 plants and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments. Tus team tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work.Tu Youyou wouldnt acknowledge defeat. She insisted on analysing the medical texts again and drew a conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. By using a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she discovered the effective substance. Artemisinin，like penicillin，has stood up to clinical tests，just as other products or devices can stand wear and tear.屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔 生理学或医学奖，因为她发现了治疗疟疾的关键药物青蒿素。事实上，青蒿素已经成为疟疾治疗的重要组成部分。大学毕业后，屠呦呦在中国中医研究院工作。她致力于发现疟疾新疗法的目标。她和她的科研团队试图找到治疗这种疾病的传统植物疗法。他们评估了28 万种植物，并测试了380 种不同的古代中医疗法。屠的研究小组尝试将新鲜的青蒿 煮沸，然后用从中提取的液体治疗疟疾，但没有成功。屠呦呦不承认 失败。她坚持要再次分析医学文献，并得出结论，煮沸这种青蒿 显然破坏了它的医学特性。她用较低的温度获取提取物，发现了这种有效的物质。青蒿素和青霉素一样，经得起临床检验，就像其他产品或设备经得起磨损一样。2 The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former mostly uses his extraordinary creative genius to inspire peoples passion by writing novels，while the latter pays more attention to academic research. A politician wants to found his own theories and tries to come to power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert Einstein for example. He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. He earned a doctorate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence，he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA. Einstein was not only a genius，but also a very gentle man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he was loved by his friends and neighbours whom he encountered. Now lets complete this flow chart to infer his further achievements. You can also write a draft to sum up Einsteins life.小说家和教授的区别在于，前者大多是利用自己非凡的创作天赋，通过写小说来激发人们的热情，而后者则更注重学术研究。政治家想要建立自己的学说并试图掌权。科学家希望取得非凡的成就，拥有更多的发明和专利。以阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦为例。他为世界做出了许多贡献，最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。他在1905 年获得了物理学博士学位，并逐渐以新艾萨克·牛顿而闻名。1933 年希特勒在德国上台后，情况发生了变化。（因为）爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。结果，他不得不逃离德国。最终，他在美国普林斯顿高等研究院 担任研究员一职。爱因斯坦不仅是个天才，而且是个非常温和的人。他留着浓密的胡子和长长的白发。尽管他性格古怪，但是他相识的朋友和邻居都喜欢他。现在让我们完成这个流程图来推断他的进一步成就。你也可以写一份草稿来总结 爱因斯坦的一生。UNIT 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE1 I have to persuade myself to use these words and phrases to describe my daily routine in the future.If I forget to switch off my electrical appliances like my air conditioners and Im in a distant place，my integrated sensors in my smart home system will do it for me instead of remote controls and automatic knobs. These sensors are veryefficient and give instant commands. The home system will obey and give constant warnings until the appliances enter the safety mode. This will keep my home secure. In addition，my smart home can warn me early on if there is something abnormal or if I have a critical illness，such as cancer，and potentially save my life. If the electrical wire starts leaking electricity，my smart home will detect it and provide me with the relevant information. In this sense，I will fix the problem before my home catches fire. Nevertheless，this smart technologyis not a fantasy. Many of these innovations are already available and being used in some homes.我必须说服自己用这些单词和短语来描述我未来的日常生活。如果我忘记关掉我的电器比如空调，而且我在很远的地方，我的智能家居系统中的集成传感器会帮我做这件事，而不用遥控器和自动旋钮。这些传感器非常高效，可以发出即时指令。家居系统将服从并持续发出警告，直到电器进入安全模式。这将确保我家的安全。此外，要是有异常情况，或者我患有癌症等严重疾病，我的智能家居能够在初期便提醒我，并有可能挽救我的生命。如果电线开始漏电，我的智能家居会检测到并向我提供相关信息。从这个意义上说，我会在我的房子着火之前解决这个问题。然而，这种智能技术并非空想。许多这样的新发明已经可用，而且一些家庭正在使用。2 Artificial intelligence can be used to guard against potential crimes and gain a sense of security.For example，the librarian advocates combining monitors into the structure of the library building.Hence，no one is opposed to this suggestion. They are a necessity，but not a luxury. Now lets change the subject，and talk about our future occupations and careers. We should learn to predict or make a prediction about the future，because we cant resist the development of society. So we must keep in touch with the latest technology，and place emphasis on these new technologies，such as cloning，nanobots and satellite weather forecast. Each of us is required to write an essay with several paragraphs to give an accurate description of our future careers. I think the prospect of ruraldevelopment is very attractive. There cant be an absence of rural talents. My preference is farming. Even if I encounter resistance，I will never cease to go and work there.人工智能可以用来防范潜在的犯罪并获得安全感。例如，图书馆馆长倡导将监控器安装到图书馆建筑的结构中。因此，没有人反对这个建议。它们是必需品，而不是奢侈品。现在让我们换个话题，谈谈我们未来的职业和事业吧。我们应当学会预料或对未来做出预测，因为我们无法抗拒社会的发展。因此，我们必须了解最新的科技，并把重点放在这些新技术上，比如克隆技术，纳米机器人和卫星天气预报等。我们每个人都被要求写一篇文章，用几段话来准确描述我们未来的职业。我认为农村的发展前景非常诱人。农村人才不能缺位。我的爱好是务农，即使我遇到 阻力，我也不会停止去那里工作。UNIT 3FASCINATING PARKS1 A group of journalists set out for the polar area. They came to a fascinating valley near the boundary，where they would camp. The north wind was buffeting the cloth of their tent. At the edge of the valley，they found a small cottage. A visible glacier from the top of the mountain flowed through the valley. The vast territory stretched as far as the eye could see. A lot of reindeer were on the move，accompanied by some local people to prevent leopards from hurting them. Hunting was banned here. All the journalists felt really blessed to be in such a beautiful place. Nevertheless，there was only one unpleasant thing. A woman journalist had a cold and sneezed all the time. The cream she had put in the teapot turned sour，too. She turned the teapot upside down and poured out the sour cream.一群记者 启程前往极地地区。他们来到边界附近一个迷人的山谷，他们将在那里安营扎寨。北风吹拂着他们帐篷的布。在山谷的边缘，他们发现了一间小木屋。从山顶流下的一条看得见的 冰川流经山谷。辽阔的 大地一望无际。许多驯鹿在一些当地人的陪同下迁移，以防止豹子伤害它们。这里禁止打猎。所有记者都为身处如此美丽的地方而感到由衷的幸福。然而，只有一件令人不愉快的事。一位女记者感冒了，一直打喷嚏。她放在茶壶里的奶油也变酸了。她把茶壶 颠倒过来，倒出了酸 奶油。2 I was wandering along the corridor of the amusement park. A splendid fountain ahead appealed to me. Behind it was the superb aquarium. I pedalled a bicycle along the original route to visit the aquarium. I was very much amused to see some adorable fish swimming and an enormous whale on display. There were up to 20，000 fish there. Then I visited a pirate ship，had a swing with some children and took a ride on the roller coaster. In this park，there were many entertainments that aroused my strong appetite. I could watch fashion shows，iron workshops，and a rare steam engine. That was an incredible theme park that appealed to everyone. After thevisit，my teacher asked me to describe the park with adjectives and imperative sentences，then to label these adjectives and put them in the left column.我漫步在游乐园的走廊上。前面一个壮观的 喷泉 吸引了我。在它后面是一个美丽的 水族馆。我沿着原来的路线 骑自行车去参观水族馆。看到一些可爱的鱼在水里游来游去，还有一头巨大的鲸在那里展览，我觉得很有趣。那里有多达两万条鱼。然后我参观了海盗船，和孩子们一起荡秋千，坐过山车。公园里有许多娱乐活动，引起了我的强烈欲望。我可以观看时装秀、铁器车间和一台罕见的 蒸汽机。那是一个吸引每一个人的极好的主题公园。参观结束后，老师让我用形容词和祈使句来描述公园，然后给这些形容词贴上标签，把它们放在左栏里。UNIT 4BODY LANGUAGE1 In our interactions with other people，the way of expression needs to vary with the situation. Body language is important and reliable. By contrast，it is sometimes more appropriate than spoken language. A smile is always approved of in all cultures because it demonstrates politeness and can break down barriers. A fake smile is also necessary if you want to hide feelings like anger or anxiety，or when you feel ashamed or embarrassed. Of course，we can make inferences about the truth of the smile. Body language differs around the world. Different cultures may employ different gestures to express the identical feelings. In some cultures，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist when they meet. By comparison，elsewhere，people may kiss their friends on the cheek. You can also witness that some people interpret the gesture for OK as zero.在我们与他人的交往中，表达的方式需要根据情况而变化。体态语很重要也很可靠。相比之下，它有时候比口头语言更恰当。微笑在所有文化中都是被认可的，因为它表现出礼貌，还可以打破 障碍。如果你想隐藏像愤怒或焦虑等情绪，或者当你感到羞愧或尴尬时，假装的微笑也是必要的。当然，我们可以推断出微笑的真实性。世界各地的体态语言各不相同。不同的文化可能使用不同的姿势来表达相同的感受。在某些文化中，人们见面时喜欢握手、弯腰 鞠躬。相比之下，在其他地方，人们可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。你还可以看到有些人把“OK”的手势 理解为零。2 As an educator，Ive learned to read my students body language and know what makes eachstudent tick. In other words，I understand what my students think through their body language. As we know，people have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored. Their eyes barely move，and with their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. That means these students are distracted from class. I can perceive and distinguish why some students put their arms across their chests. I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on. Once，I made a trial with the twin brothers about nonverbal gestures. I gave an accurate assessment of their internal thoughts by how they posed，slumped and bent over. This was also a good explanation of body language. Ultimately，I call on my students not to be bothered by the outside world and adjust their learning state. At work，if there is a conflict between behaviour and learning，I will intervene in time. This is merely one component of the solution. 作为一名教育工作者，我学会了解读学生的肢体语言，了解每个学生的一举一动的原因。换句话说，我通过学生的肢体语言来了解他们的想法。众所周知，人们总是倾向于他们感兴趣的东西。所以，如果一个学生低头看表，这意味着他很无聊。如果他们的眼睛几乎不动，双手托着下巴，忙着 盯着窗外或天花板，那意味着这些学生上课分心。我能够觉察和分辨出为什么有些学生把胳膊交叉放在胸前。我知道我需要调查和判断发生了什么。有一次，我对双胞胎兄弟做了一个关于非语言手势的试验。我通过他们摆姿势、垂头走路和俯身的方式，准确地评估了他们的内心想法。这也是对肢体语言一个很好的解释。最后，我呼吁学生不要被外界干扰，调整好自己的学习状态。在课堂学习中，如果行为和学习之间有冲突，我会及时介入。这仅仅是解决方案的一个组成部分。UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND1 Known as the “father of hybrid rice”，Yuan Longping has devoted his life to the Chinese farmers. Once，China had a serious shortage of food. To tackle this crisis，alleviate hunger and get rid of poverty，Yuan was convinced that farmers must boost yields in the fields they had.One characteristic of hybrids showed that they could attain a higher yield than conventional crops. Through intense effort，Yuan overcame enormous difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. Today，it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuans hybrid strains. Deep down，Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil，he cares little for celebrity or money. Despite his wealth，Yuan Longping doesnt live a life of leisure. His assumption is that he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum，with each ear of rice as big as a broom，and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. His latest vision for rice growing in salty land has also become a reality.被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平把一生奉献给了中国农民。中国的粮食曾经严重短缺。为了应对这个危机，缓解饥饿和摆脱贫困，袁隆平确信农民必须在已有土地上提高 产量。杂交作物的一个特点表明，它们可以获得比传统作物更高的产量。通过极大的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的困难，培育出了第一代杂交水稻，使农民能够大幅度提高（水稻的）产量。据估算，现在中国国内大约60% 的大米消费是由袁隆平的杂交品种 形成的作物组成的。在内心深处袁隆平仍然还是一个纯粹的农民。作为一个土地之子，他不在乎名誉和金钱。袁隆平虽然很富有，却没有过悠闲的生活。他的设想是，他想象水稻植株像高粱一样高，每支稻穗像扫帚一样大，每粒稻米像花生一样大。他最近提出的在盐碱地种植水稻的愿景也已成为现实。2 Farmers prefer chemical fertilizers to organic ones for an increase of output. But crops grown with chemical fertilizers lack nutrition，essential minerals and nice flavour. Today chemical pesticides have been in widespread use in farming. Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects，but damage the nutritious crops. This，in turn，affects the animals and humans who digest them.Now some pesticides have been prohibited in most countries. As an alternative，some farmers have switched to organic farming，because organic vegetables and grain are welcomed in urban groceries. These farmers also change crops. For instance，they grow corn or wheat in a field one year，and then grow beans there the next. These crops have entirely different roots and use differentdepths of soil.为了提高产量，农民更喜欢化 肥而不是有机肥。但是用化肥种植的作物缺乏营养、必需的 矿物质和美味。今天，化学 农药已在农业中得到了广泛的应用。农药可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，但也会损害有营养的作物。这反过来又影响到消化它们的动物和人类。现在大多数国家都已禁止使用某些杀虫剂。作为替代，一些农民已经转向有机农业，因为有机蔬菜和粮食在城市的 杂货店里很受欢迎。这些农民还更换作物。例如，他们一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，下一年在那里种豆类。这些作物的根 完全不同，使用的土壤深度也不同。