单元十四 阅读理解（精准训练）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.docx

单元十四 阅读理解（精准训练）2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】阅读理解AOn one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table."Hey, aren't you from Mississippi?" the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. "I'm from Mississippi too."Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair."They began telling me all the news of Mississippi," Welty said. "I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking."Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi."My friends said: 'Now we believe your stories,'" Welty added. "And I said: 'Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.'"Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation."I don't make them up," she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. "I don't have to."Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.1. What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?A. Two strangers joined her.B. Her childhood friends came in.C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.D. Some people held a party there.2. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories3. What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction?A. They live in big cities.B. They are mostly women.C. They come from real life.D. They are pleasure seekers.BWe often hear about schools cutting back on bus routes to save money, yet plenty of communities have their buses stopping almost as often as the mail truck. While the presence of sidewalks, and the safety of area roads, play a role in who gets house-to-house pickup or end-of-the-street pickup, Peter Mannella, director at the New York Association for Pupil Transportation says community culture can play an even larger role in the transportation situation.For example: Several years ago, Bethlehem tried spacing out its stops, says Mannella. The parents were unhappy, expressed as much and, within three days, the routes were back to their original frequency. "You can say 'We are going to save $100,000 by not stopping at every house,' but parents don't want their kids walking," Mannella says. As you'd expect, this is especially true in bad weather or during winter.As a student in the 1980s, we walked to our stops. The neighborhood wait-spot was a good quarter mile away. Parents didn't make a fuss (大惊小怪), and no child was injured. In fact, the walking was good it woke us up each morning. Not to mention, the sense of community that came with hanging out together each morning waiting for bus No. 23 to roll up and take us all to school.Thing is, a lot has changed since the 1980s. Too many people are texting and driving, making them as dangerous on the roads as drunken drivers. And, with reduced work forces at many companies, parents often work longer hours, meaning they aren't around to guard their kids to and from stops like many parents did when we were growing up.So I'll give them an understanding pass on not wanting their children to walk a mile each way to get to and from school. I can't agree with the complaints of having kids walk to a community neighborhood stop, though. If you worry they're going to be cold, get them a hat. If you fear they may miss the bus, send them out the door ve minutes earlier.4. What do we know about Bethlehem's plan?A. It ended up in failure.B. It lasted for a long time.C. It wasn't put into practice.D. It saved a lot of money.5. What can we learn about students in the 1980s from paragraph 3?A. They woke up early in the morning.B. They were driven to school by parents.C. They usually hung out with their neighbors.D. They beneted by walking to a neighborhood stop.6. Why are today's parents unwilling to let their children walk to a neighborhood stop?A. Drivers do not concentrate on driving.B. The weather conditions are awful in winter.C. Children might be late for school.D. The house-to-house pickup is available.7. What is the author's attitude towards children walking to bus stops?A. Doubtful.B. Cautious.C. Supportive.D. Critical.CHow AI will transform education is very important to schools such as mine, teachers such as me, and hardworking care-givers such as the parents in my community. Could AI get our children to grasp new concepts and skills? Might AI be better equipped to help them exploit their own intelligence? After a few days watching my children use artificial intelligence-based learning tools, I can tell you the short answer is NO.Human intelligence is different from the computer's. For one, human intelligence can not be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence relies on human interaction. Exercising our intelligence is something we do naturally as we connect with others, consider the world around us and seek to improve our relationship to that world.In education, there has been a movement toward social-emotional and problem-based learning. So educators attempt to motivate interest in subjects and skills by turning learning moments into communal (共有的) problem-solving events. When we combine analytical learning with social- emotional learning, students become mastered in the material we want them to know and get more excited about the learning process.Using AI looks very different from this. AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn't force students to think through or keep anything. And simply being fed facts and information is not the same as "learning".It is fascinating to imagine that AI might cure what annoys us. Many parents don't have the resources-in time, money or energyto teach their kids at home. If AI could fill the gaps, how great, right? Yet the nature of AI "teaching" as it currently exists means that students merely level up without learning. When it comes to developing intelligence, nothing can beat what we humans have been doing, face to face, for centuries.8. What do we know about human intelligence according to paragraph 2?A. It is measured easilyB. It is of great significanceC. It is related to educationD. It is changeable and interactive9. What can be inferred about AI learning from paragraph 4?A. It is widely used at school.B. It makes no difference to education.C. It helps develop students' intelligenceD. It does little help with students' true learning.10. What is the author's attitude to AI learning?A. UnclearB. NeutralC. DisapprovingD. Favorable11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Could AI Really Teach StudentsB. Should students Use AI FrequentlyC. How Students Use AI in Their StudyD. How Teachers Interact with StudentsD"Ladies and gentlemen, welcome aboard NASA's Space Elevator. We're going to leave soon. The entire ride will take about five hours, so sit back and enjoy the trip."Does this sound like the Sci-Fi Channel? Well, it's not. Although space elevators are often considered as a science fiction dream, I believe they will exist soonperhaps in two or three decades.Throughout my career as an aerospace engineer and physics professor, I keep coming back to the concept of a cable stretching from Earth to space, along which people and cargo can easily travel. In recent years I and other researchers have found new ways to tinker with designs and answer questions about how space elevators could work.There are many reasons to build a space elevator. The obvious one is the major energy and cost savings; it's a much more practical way to get to orbit than rockets. Another reason that is often overlooked is accessibility. The word "space mission" would be replaced by "transit," as trips to space become routine and mostly independent of weather conditions. Transits involving humans would be safer than current practices, whereby astronauts must accept an enormous risk to their lives with each launch. A space elevator becomes a bridge to the entire solar system. Release a payload in the lower portion, and you orbit Earth, but do so in the upper portion, and you orbit the sun; all without fuel.Although I may come across as a space elevator advocate, the truth is, I simply enjoy studying their mechanics. In a world with monumental problems, dreaming of such projects allows me to envision a scenario where we have become responsible custodians （守护者）on this planet.12. What's the function of Paragraph 1?A. To introduce the topic.B. To set a background.C. To make a comparison.D. To give an example.13. What does the underlined phrase "tinker with" mean in Paragraph 3?A. Abandon.B. Improve.C. Establish.D. Discuss.14. What is the purpose of building a space elevator?A. To please science fiction fans.B. To promote space tourism.C. To protect astronauts' safety.D. To make space travel easier.15. What is the author's attitude towards space elevators?A. Unclear.B. Doubtful.C. Optimistic.D. Dismissive.EKamisi Adetunji, a 17-year-old student from North Carolina, is making headlines with her science project that aims to tackle community health and safety risks.Her project aims to improve treatment for sickle cell disease(镰状细胞贫血).This genetic disease causes red blood cells to sickle, making it harder for those cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Natural compounds called flavonoids were known to reduce sickle cells. By changing the chemical structure of flavonoids extracted from fruits, Adetunji was able to improve their anti-sickling powers.Adetunji's inspiration for the project came from her personal experience. "My family is Nigerian," Adetunji said. "One day I was walking with my mom, and we were talking about a family friend who was currently battling sickle cell disease. And she told me about all the people back home that she knew who had it or have passed from it." When having the opportunity to do research at school, she immediately knew that she wanted to study sickle cell disease.The biggest challenge Adetunji faced was that she had no experience with a science project like this. She had to trust in herself and believe that she would be able to finish this project and continue trying different things when her methods at first weren't working.What's next for Adetunji? She plans to continue the research on sickle cell disease. "I still want to do medicinal chemistry research, especially with other diseases that affect minority communities. If you asked me two years ago if I would be doing this research. I would have been like," Adetunji said. "I think the most important thing is to just trust that you're capable of a lot more than you think you are."16. What is Kamisi Adetunji's project aimed at?A. Rooting out sickle cell disease.B. Taking flavonoids from fruits.C. Improving blood circulation.D. Increasing cure effects of flavonoids.17. What caused Kamisi Adetunji to start the project?A. Her personal experience.B. Her interest in medicine.C. Her mother's encouragement.D. Her education background.18. Which of the following best describes Kamisi Adetunji?A. Creative and outgoing.B. Ordinary but ambitious.C. Caring and self-confident.D. Popular and imaginative.19. What is the best title for the text?A. A Young Scientist's Ambition.B. A U.S. Girl's Research on Blood Disease.C. A New Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease.D. A Science Project on Community Health.答案以及解析阅读理解A1.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的"another customer was approaching their table "和第三段的"the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair "可知，先后有两个陌生人（一位女士及其同伴）加入了Welty的聚会，故选A。2.答案：D解析：猜测词义题。画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据"Now we believe your stories "可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。3.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"I don't make them up "和最后一段最后一句"Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. "可知，Welty小说里的人物并不是虚构的，他们都来源于现实生活，故选C。B4.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二自然段"The parents were unhappy, expressed as much and, within three days, the routes were back to their original frequency. (家长们很不高兴，并且在三天之内，这些路线又改回到了原来的站点设置)"可知，Bethlehem 新的校车线路实施不到三天，这些路线又改回到了原来的样子，由此可知该计划以失败告终。故选A项。5.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三自然段"In fact, the walking was good it woke us up each morning. Not to mention, the sense of community that came with hanging out together each morning waiting for bus No. 23 to roll up and take us all to school. (事实上，步行去乘车的感觉很好它每天早上唤醒我们。更不用说，每天早上在一起等23路公交车来送我们去学校带来的那种社区归属感)"可推知，上世纪 80 年代的学生受益于走路去社区校车站。故选D项。6.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第四自然段"Thing is, a lot has changed since the 1980s. Too many people are texting and driving, making them as dangerous on the roads as drunken drivers. (问题是，20世纪80年代以来发生了很多变化。太多人边开车边发短信，这使得他们在路上和酒后驾车的人一样危险)"可推知，因为现在的司机开车不专注，家长们担心孩子的安全，所以不愿意让孩子们走路去乘车。故选A项。7.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第五自然段"I can't agree with the complaints of having kids walk to a community neighborhood stop, though. If you worry they're going to be cold, get them a hat. If you fear they may miss the bus, send them out the door ve minutes earlier. (不过，我不赞同对让孩子步行到社区站乘车的抱怨。如果你担心他们会觉得冷，给他们带顶帽子。如果你担心他们错过公共汽车，让他们提前5分钟出门)"可推知，作者认为让孩子步行到社区站乘车不应该遭到抱怨，他支持让孩子步行到社区站乘车。故选C项。C8.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"For one, human intelligence can not be measured. The brain is plastic, always developing and growing as we learn from our environments. In addition, human intelligence relies on human interaction. (首先，人类的智力是无法测量的。大脑是可塑的，总是随着我们从环境中学习而发展和成长。此外，人类的智能依赖于人类的互动。)"可知，人类的智能因大脑的发展成长而一直在改变，同时也存在互动性。故选D项。9.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段"AI learning often involves an individual working alone with a computer program. It can crowd source information to help students find facts about their environment, solve a problem and come up with a creative way forward. But AI doesn't force students to think through or kee