单元五 名词（精准训练）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.docx

单元五 名词（精准训练）2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】1. Individual contribution to this project is important to environmental _.A. challengeB. satisfactionC. conservationD. measure2. The media are filled with _ about what roles women should play in society.A. crisisB. conventionC. stereotypesD. substances3. To our great _, over 5 million of people died of Covid-19.A. satisfactionB. sorrowC. delightD. joy4. Life has many joys and _. Friends should share them with each other.A. restrictionsB. sorrowsC. stressesD. forms5. I want to know the sporting _ that catch the people's attention in China.A. accidentsB. eventsC. incidentsD. occasions6. Before getting on a coach, a train or plane, you must have the _ of your bag checked to make sure you aren't carrying any dangerous things.A. detailsB. contentsC. ingredientsD. entrances7. With top class home theatre, you can watch the latest movies in the _ of your own home.A. constructionB. limitationC. appointmentD. comfort8. The only thing he listened to while _ up was Jazz music, for which he showed a particular _.A. grew; preferenceB. was growing; interestC. grown; interestD. growing; preference9. The car's _has improved a lot since a new engine has been applied to it.A. character B. performance C. appearance D. attraction10. You can find many _about famous film stars on the Internet.A. news B. pictures C. tickets D. information11. After several _ to climb Qomolangma, he finally reached the top of it.A. attemptsB. attacksC. chaptersD. disasters12. Looking at green, growing things can put people in a better _.A. shelterB. remarkC. moodD. zone13. Due to widespread _ of 5G technology, more remote surgical operations are likely to be carried out across long distances.A. occupationB. applicationC. qualificationD. composition14. Look! There are a number of _on the farm.A. horse B. sheep C. chicken D. tree15. To regain their _after a hard game, the players lay on the grass.A. force B. energy C. power D. healthAThree Chinese astronauts landed in a northern desert on Sunday after six months in space. They had been working _(complete) the basic structure of the Tiangong space station, a symbol of the country's _ (ambition) space program. A capsule carrying commander Chen Dong and astronauts Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe touched down at a landing site in the Gobi Desert in northern China at approximately 8:10 pm.Before leaving the Chinese space station, they had spent almost five days with three _ (colleague) who arrived on Wednesday in the Shenzhou-15 spaceship, _ (mark) the first time China had six astronauts in space at the same time.The astronauts _ (carry) out of the capsule by medical workers about 40 minutes after landing. They all wore smiles and appeared to be in good condition, waving _ (happy) at the workers at the landing site.The three astronauts were part of the Shenzhou-14 spaceship, _ was launched in June. After their arrival at Tiangong space station, Chen, Liu and Cai performed three spacewalks, held a live science lecture from the station and conducted _ range of experiments.Tiangong space station will be the only space station still up and running in the universe one day _ the International Space Station _ (retire) by around the end of the decade as expected.B For Greek photographer George Doupas, Beijing is home now. During the past decade, he has been photographing the city, capturing its beauty _ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions. "This _(true) represents Beijingthe old and the new, nicely mixing together," Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple, a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It _(locate) in front of a modern office building, Galaxy SOHO, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways. With rich historical heritage, Beijing _(be)an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets _(lose) in the city's splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city _(combine) high-end businesses and various industries. "It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is _ I decided to pursue my career here," he said. Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China, hoping to serve as _ bridge between China and the West. The _(display) that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic. "I call Beijing my home now," he said, "I'll keep sharing photos of China _ the rest of the world."答案以及解析1.答案：C解析：A. challenge挑战; B. satisfaction满意; C. conservation保护; D. measure措施。根据句意"个人对这项工程的贡献对环境保护很重要。"空处意思应该是"保护" , C项正确。故选:C。2.答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充斥着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机; B. convention习俗; C. stereotypes刻板印象; D. substances物质。由 what roles women should play in society可知，媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。故选C项。3.答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们深感悲痛的是，超过500万人死于Covid-19。A. satisfaction满足，满意；B. sorrow悲伤；C. delight快乐；D. joy喜悦。根据空后“over 5 million of people died of Covid-19”可知，因为500万人死于Covid-19，所以这是让人悲伤的。故选B。4.答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人生有许多欢乐和悲伤。朋友们应该互相分享。A. restrictions限制；B. sorrows悲伤；C. stresses压力；D. foms类型。结合语意，句子表示人生有欢乐和悲伤，空处应用名词sorrows,表示“悲伤”，与joys并列，作动词has的宾语，故选B项。5.答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想知道在中国吸引人们注意的体育赛事。A. accidents意外，事故; B. events事件，体育项目; C. incidents事件; D. occasions 时机，场合。根据sporting可知，此处是指体育项目。故选B.6.答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:在上长途汽车、火车或飞机之前，你必须检查一下包里的东西，以确保你没有携带任何危险物品。A. details 细节; B. contents内容，所容纳之物; C. ingredients原料; D. entrances入口。由语意可知，为了确保没有携带危险物品，你必须检查包里所装的东西。故选B项。7.答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:拥有一流的家庭影院，您可以在舒适的家中观看最新的电影。A. construction建设; B. limitation限制; C. appointment任命; D. comfort舒适。根据“With top class home theatre,”可知，可以在舒适的家中观看电影。故选D。8.答案：D解析：考查省略和名词词义辨析。句意：在他成长的过程中，他听的唯一的音乐就是爵士乐，因此他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和be动词都可以省略，所以while(he was)growing。preference(爱好，偏爱的事物);interest(兴趣)。show a preference(表现出偏爱)。根据"The only thing he listened to while up was Jazz music"可知，他对爵士乐有特殊的偏爱。故选D。9.答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。选项A意为性格、角色、汉字；选项B意为表演、表现、汽车性能；选项C意为外表；选项D意为吸引力。根据下文的a new engine has been applied to it可知，空处意为“汽车性能”。故选B。10.答案：B解析：考查可数名词与不可数名词。句意：你可以在互联网上找到许多有关著名电影明星的图片。news新闻，消息，是不可数名词；pictures图片，是可数名词；tickets票，券，是可数名词；information信息，是不可数名词。根据句意和many可知，此处应用名词复数pictures。故选B。11.答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几次攀登珠峰的尝试，他终于登上了山顶。A. attempts尝试；B. attacks攻击：C. chapters (书的)章，篇，回；D. disasters灾难。根据后文“he finally reached the top of it”可知，他最终到达项峰，所以应该是经过几次尝试了。故选A项。12.答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着绿色，生长的东西可以让人心情更好。A. shelter 庇护所；B. remark评论：C. mood情绪：D. zone 区域。短语：put sb.in a.mood“使某人有的情绪”，故选C。13.答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为5G技术的广泛运用，更多的远程外科手术就有了跨长距离实施的可能了。A. occupation职业，占领; B. application运用；C. qualification资格，授权；D. composition作文。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要的是“5G技术的广泛运用”的意思，考查“运用”对应的名词，在句子中做介词短语“Due to”的宾语。故选B。14.答案：B解析：考查名词复数的用法。句意：看！这个农场中有很多绵羊。a number of表示许多，接可数名词复数，联系选项可知，sheep是集合名词，单复数相同，其他选项是单数。故选B。15.答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。句意：在一场艰难的比赛后为了恢复体力，运动员们躺在草地上。A. force武力；B. energy力量，能量；C. power权利；D. health健康。故选B。A答案：to completeambitiouscolleaguesmarkingwere carriedhappilywhichawhen/after/ifretires解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成天宫空间站的基本结构，他们一直在努力工作，这是中国雄心勃勃的太空计划的象征。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“had been working”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，完成天宫空间站的基本结构是努力工作的目的，故空格处应用不定式“to complete”作目的状语。故填to complete。考查形容词。句意：为了完成天宫空间站的基本结构，他们一直在努力工作，这是中国雄心勃勃的太空计划的象征。分析句子可知，“space program”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，“ambition”为名词，对应的形容词为“ambitious”，意为“雄心勃勃的”。故填ambitious。考查名词。句意：在离开中国空间站之前，他们和周三乘坐神舟十五号飞船抵达的三名同事一起度过了将近五天的时间，这标志着中国首次有六名宇航员同时在太空中。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“colleague”意为“同事”，为可数名词，“three”后接可数名词复数，“colleague”的复数形式为“colleagues”。故填colleagues。考查非谓语动词。句意：在离开中国空间站之前，他们和周三乘坐神舟十五号飞船抵达三名同事一起度过了将近五天的时间，这标志着中国首次有六名宇航员同时在太空中。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“had spent”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中表示自然而然的结果，故应用现在分词作结果状语，“mark”的现在分词为“marking”。故填marking。考查时态和语态。句意：宇航员在着陆后约40分钟被医务人员抬出太空舱。根据句意和句中“about 40 minutes after landing”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，“astronauts”和“carry”为被动关系，故句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，“astronauts”和“were”连用，“carry”的过去分词为“carried”，故空格处应填“were carried”。故填were carried。考查副词。句意：他们都面带微笑，看起来状态很好，在着陆点向工作人员开心地挥手。分析句子可知，“waving”为现在分词，空格处应用副词，作状语，“happy”为形容词，对应的副词为“happily”，意为“开心地”。故填happily。考查定语从句。句意：这三名宇航员是6月发射的神舟十四号飞船的一部分。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Shenzhou-14 spaceship”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。考查固定短语。句意：抵达天宫空间站后，陈、刘和蔡进行了三次太空行走，在空间站举办了现场科学讲座，并进行了一系列实验。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“a range of”，意为“一系列”，故空格处应用“a”。故填a。考查条件/时间状语从句。句意：如果国际空间站按预期在本世纪末退役，天宫空间站将成为宇宙中唯一一个仍在运行的空间站。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，根据句意可知，应用“if”引导从句，意为“如果”，也可用“when”引导从句，意为“当时”，或用“after”引导从句，意为“在以后”，此时为时间状语从句。故填when/after/if。考查时态。句意：如果国际空间站按预期在本世纪末退役，天宫空间站将成为宇宙中唯一一个仍在运行的空间站。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来，“International Space Station”为单个专有名词，故空格处应用“retire”的三单形式“retires”。故填retires。B答案：andtrulyis locatedhas beenlostcombiningwhyadisplayswith解析：考查连词。句意:在过去的十年里,他一直在拍摄这座城市,捕捉它的美丽,并在网上和展览中分享这些照片。根据句意和空格后的sharing分析句子可知,sharing和上文的photographing以及capturing是并列关系,所以空格处应该填入并列连词and。故填and。考查副词。句意:“这真正代表了北京旧与新,完美地融合在一起,”杜帕斯在展示他拍摄的智化寺的照片时说,智化寺是一座精致的明代建筑。根据句意和所给形容词true分析句子可知,空格处应该填入形容词true的副词形式truly作状语,修饰后面的动词represent。故填truly。考查时态、固定搭配和主谓一致。句意:它位于现代办公大楼银河SOHO的前面,以编织的桥梁和环环相扣的通道为特色。根据句意和所给动词locate分析句子可知,此处是考查动词locate的用法be located in+地点(坐落于);根据句意和后面从句的时态是一般现在时可知,主句也应该用一般现在时;再由主语it可知,谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填is located。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:北京拥有丰富的历史遗产,自明朝以来一直是中国传统文化的重要中心。根据句意分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的谓语部分,由时间状语since the Ming Dynasty可知,句子应该用现在完成时;再由主语Beijing可知,谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has been。考查形容词。句意:杜帕斯经常在这座城市辉煌的古建筑中迷路。根据句意和所给动词lose以及空格前的get分析句子可知,空格处应该填入形容词lost作表语。故填lost。考查现在分词。句意:同时,他也惊叹于这座融合了高端商业和各行业的现代化城市。根据句意和所给动词combine分析句子可知,空格处应该填入combine的非谓语形式作定语,修饰前面的名词city,因为名词city和动词combine之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分词combining作定语。故填combining。考查连接副词。句意:他说:“看到一座快速发展的城市投入如此大的精力来保护它的过去,这是令人着迷的,这就是我决定在这里追求事业的原因。”根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的部分是一个表语从句,空格处应该填入一个连接词引导表语从句,且意义为“为什么”,所以应该用连接副词why。故填why。考查冠词。句意:杜帕斯决心在中国继续他的职业生涯,希望成为中国和西方之间的桥梁。根据句意和空格后的单数可数名词bridge分析句子可知,空格处应该填入一个不定冠词,表泛指,因为bridge的发音是辅音音素开头,所以应该用不定冠词a。故填a。考查可数名词单复数。句意:展览展示了他关于北京的照片,吸引了希腊和捷克共和国的大量观众。根据句意和所给可数名词display分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的主语,由句中的助动词have可知,句子的主语应该是复数形式displays。故填displays。考查介词。句意:“我现在把北京当成我的家,”他说,“我会继续把中国的照片分享给世界其他地方。”根据句意和句中的动词share分析句子,此处是考查动词share和介词with的搭配:share something with somebody(和某人分享某物)。故填with。版权所有©正确教育 侵权必究！