单元一 谓语动词的时态（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.doc

单元一 谓语动词的时态（精讲案）2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】重点考点：一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时一、谓语动词的时态1.一般现在时1.一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式一般由动词原形后加-s或-es构成。其变化规则如下:2. 用法（1）表示习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。He goes to school every day.他每天去上学。(经常性动作)He is very happy.他很高兴。(现在的状态)（2）表示永恒的状态或真理。 "Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, "because every step shows."祖母过去常说:“人生就像在雪中行走,因为每一步都会留下痕迹。”The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。（3）在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时,而不用将来时。When I have time, I'll go.我有时间就去。Unless some extra money is found, the theatre will close.除非能再弄到些钱,否则剧院将关闭。（4）时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So what is the procedure?All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.那程序是怎么安排的呢?在职权部门做最后的决定之前所有的申请人都要参加面试。The train leaves at 8 o'clock.火车将于8点钟发车。2. 一般过去时（1）构成：一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示： 情况规则例词一般情况加-edpack-packed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为iedcarried-carried以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-edplan-planned以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加-dliked-liked provide-provided was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他情况。注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词：规则变化是直接加-ed, 如 play-played; 不规则变化是把y改为id, 如：pay-paid, say-said. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式，需要个别记忆，课本后页有详细完整的不规则动词表。（2）用法：表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作。Where did you go just now? 你刚才去了哪里？He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 他昨天看见王先生了。表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时，句子中常带有 every day, often, usually, always, sometimes 等时间状语。Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year, 彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来判断。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then closed his eyes. 那个男孩把眼睛睁开了一会儿，看了看船长，然后就闭上了眼睛。She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床、提水，打扫房间，然后出去散步。在表示时间、条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他们说只要他们一到那儿就会马上通知我。He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不去。一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天她突然病倒了。3. 一般将来时（1）构成：will/ shall+动词原形is/am/are going to+动词原形is/am/are about to+动词原形is/am/are to+动词原形is/am/are due to+动词原形某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式（2）用法：will表示将来的习惯性动作或状态；Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。He will be here in an hour. 他一个小时后到这里。表示将来发生的一次性动作；If you don't hurry, you will miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就会赶不上火车。表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势；Fish will die without water. 离开水，鱼就会死。表示偶然的、临时的决定。Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town? No. I will go and visit him right now.你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？不知道。我马上就去看他。be going to用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”， 此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他今晚要在电视上演讲。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看这些乌云，要下雨了。 be about to/be on the point of +动名词表示“立即的将来（immediate future）”，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)引出的分句连用The train is about to start. 火车就要开了。I'm not about to stop when I'm so close to success. 在这样接近成功时，我不打算就此罢手。 be to表示“按计划或安排要做的事”；When are you to leave for home? 你什么时候回家？表示要求做某事，意为“应该”， 相当于should, ought to；You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。表示“想，打算”， 相当于 intend, want。If we are to be there before ten, we'll have to go now. 如果我们要在10点前到那儿，我们现在就得走。 be due to表示“预定、定于”；They are due to meet again tomorrow. 他们定于明天再见面。有些动词，如 come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start 等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作；I'm leaving for Beijing next month. 下个月我要动身去北京。某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、电影开演时刻表、作息安排等。We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock. 我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。4. 现在进行时 【例】 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。【例】 He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。【例】 I'm meeting my father at the station at 5 o'clock. 我五点要去车站接我的父亲。1.现在进行时的构成现在进行时的构成形式为:am/is/are+v.-ing。v.-ing形式的变化规则如下:2. 用法（1）由“be+v.-ing形式”构成,表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。Hi, let's go skating!Sorry, I'm busy right now. I am filling in an application form for a new job.嗨,我们去滑冰吧!很抱歉,我现在很忙。我正在填申请新工作的表格。（2）go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等动词用于现在进行时中表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天我要到北京去。（3）与always, constantly, forever, continually, all the time 等连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。（4）进行时有时可表示渐变过程。His health is improving every day.他的健康状况每天都有好转。（5）下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词:like, love, hate, care, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。表示存在的状态的动词:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem等。表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词: allow, accept, remember, permit, promise, admit, complete等。感官动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。5. 过去进行时（1）构成：was/were +现在分词（2）用法：表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，常有表过去时间的状语（从句）The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cotton in the fields. 我最后一次见简时，她正在地里摘棉花。表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day, from nine to ten等We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。用过去进行时表过去将来时，与现在进行时表将来相同，表示过去将要发生的动作，常用动词有go, come, stay, leave等She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词 always, constantly, continually, frequently 等连用，常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩His mother was always working like that. 他母亲总是那样工作。6. 现在完成时（1）构成：has/have +过去分词（2）用法：表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（甚至到将来）。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately, recently, in the last (past) few days/ years, since then, up to now, so far等In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有：already，ever，just (刚刚），yet, before等He has turned off the light. (=The light is off now.) 他已经关掉灯了。在“最高级名词”或“It/This is+ the+序数词time”之后的从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时This is the first time (that) I have come here.这是我第一次来这里。have gone to 意为“去某地了”， 表示此人现在还没回来He has gone to the zoo. 他去动物园了。have been to 意为“去过某地”， 表示此人已经回来了Have you ever been to Shanghai?你去过上海吗？“It has been/is+一段时间since. . . ”意为“自从以来已有多长时间”It has been weeks since I saw Grandma. 我已经好几个星期没有见到祖母了。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语（）He has finished his work.（×）He has finished his work for an hour.注意：瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。如：他参军3年了。（×）He has joined the army for 3 years.（）He has been in the army for 3 years. (变换动词）（）He joined the army 3 years ago. (变换时态）（）It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army. (变换句型）7. 过去将来时（1）构成：should/would+动词原形was/were going to+动词原形was/were about to+动词原形was/were to+动词原形was/were due to+动词原形was/were +to have done（2）用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在八点钟到这里。He told me he was leaving in an hour. 他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。I was about to take a bath when the telephone rang. 我正要洗澡时电话铃响了。He told me he was to get married the next week. 他告诉我他下周结婚。8. 将来进行时（1）构成：will/shall be doing（2）用法：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.明天这个时间，我正躺在沙滩上。9. 过去完成时（1）构成：had +过去分词（2）用法：一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生（即表示“过去的过去”） , 那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年。表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/by the end of+过去的某一时间。By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时，他已学了3年英语。hope, expect, mean, intend, want的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。 （但未能如愿）在“Hardly/Scarcely/Barely. . .when. . .”和“No sooner. . .than. . .”句型中，when和 than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚就”Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。在“It was/had been+一段时间+since从句”中，since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。在“That/It/This was the first/second/. . .time + that从句”句型中，that从句的谓语动词要用过去完成时It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.那是他第三次犯同样的错误。10.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+v.-ing形式”构成,用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作,它具备“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.自从上午9点,经理就一直在跟工人们讲如何改进这个项目。It has been raining for 2 days.雨已经下了两天了。(表达说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)二、动词的时态解题技巧1.根据明显的时间标志确定动词的时态有些题目通常有较明显的时间标志词，可能是明确的时间状语，也可能是动词、动词短语等标志词，而这些标志性词汇是考生判断时态的重要线索和依据。（1）若句中出现 always, usually, every day/night/morning evening, sometimes, often等词或短语时，则用一般现在时。（2）若句中出现 yesterday, last week/month/year, just now, the other day, in1997, years ago, the day before yesterday等词或短语时，则用一般过去时。（3）若句中出现look, now, at present, at this moment, these days等词或短语时，则用现在进行时。（4）若句中出现then, at that time, those days等词或短语时，则用过去进行时。（5）若句中出现 next week, in the future, later on, the day after tomorrow等词或短语时，则用一般将来时。（6）若句中出现for, since, lately, recently, up to/till now, over/in the pastyears, since then, ever since等词或短语时，则用现在完成时。（7）若句中出现 by then, by that time, until then, by the end of 2012等词或短语时，则用过去完成时。2. 根据主从复合句中前后时态的呼应确定动词的时态（1）主句和状语从句时态的呼应。在含有when，before，after，as soon as，until，wher引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中以及在含有if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。（2）主句与宾语从句时态的呼应。当主句是现在时态或将来时态时，从句可用任何所需的时态。当主句是过去时态时，若从句与主句的动作同时发生，从句需用一般过去时或过去进行时；若从句描述的是一般真理或客观事实，即使主句用过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。（3）主句与定语从句时态的呼应。定语从句中的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。3.根据一些固定句式确定动词的时态英语有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。（1）It is the first/second/time that sb. have/has done（2）It was the first/second/.time that sb had done（3）Sb. was/were doing sth. whendid（4）Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth whendid（5）Sb.be about to do sth. when.did（6）It's（high）time that sb. did sth/should do sth三、易混时态的区别1.一般过去时与现在完成时时间上有差异:凡有明确的过去时间的均用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时,如含有ago, last year, just now, the other day。结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系。I came to Beijing last year, and have been here since then.我去年来的北京,自从那时起我一直在这里。2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别这两个时态都和现在没有关系,都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作;而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作。When I got to the party, many of them had left for home.当我到达晚会的时候,他们中的许多人已经离开回家了。3. 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语）， 而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语）。比较下面的说法：She had been ill for a week before she came back. （“回来”发生在过去某一时间，“生病”发生在这一时间之前，即过去的过去）She has been ill for a week.（现在仍然病着）4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时(1)现在完成时强调的是动作已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作仍在继续,强调动作的持续性。I have painted my new house.我已经给我的新房子刷完漆了。(强调已完成)I have been painting my new house.我一直在给我的新房子刷漆。(强调动作还在继续)(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复,现在完成时一般不表示反复性。Have you been meeting our teacher these days?这些天来你一直见到我们老师吗?(强调动作的反复)Have you met our teacher recently?近来你见过我们的老师吗?(强调结果)5.一般过去时与过去进行时尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去,但一般过去时着重强调过去的动作,表示已经结束。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一时间点,一个动作正在进行,有什么样的结果不得而知。He wrote three letters last night.他昨晚写了三封信。(表示他写了三封信,暗指都已写完)He was writing a letter at 9:00 last night.昨晚九点,他正在写信。(表示当时他在写信,后来是否写完就未知了)固定结构中的时态1.hardly.when.,no sooner.than.句型中,主句中用过去完成时,从句中用一般过去时。Hardly had I opened the door when Tom came in.我刚一开门,汤姆就进来了。2.since,in the last/past+一段时间,so far, recently等常与现在完成时搭配。Great changes have taken place in our country in the last few years.我们国家过去的几年发生了巨大的变化。3.This/That/It is/was the first/second.time+that从句,若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时。This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.这是我们全家人第一次一起到电影院看电影。4.“by+时间状语”要与完成时搭配使用。You will have learned about 3,000 words by the end of next month.到下月底你(们)将已学习3000个单词。5.It+be.before.“要过才”或“在以后才”。在这个句型中,若be动词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时。I'm sorry you've been waiting so long, but it'll still be some time before Brian gets back.很抱歉让你等了这么久,但布莱恩还要过段时间才能回来。6.was/were about to do.when.在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式。I was about to leave when he came in.我正要离开这时他进来了。典例剖析一、单项选择1.You are a great swimmer.Thanks. It's because I _ a lot these days.A. have been practicingB. was practicingC. would practiceD. is practicing2.The company _ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. has been promisingB. has promisedC. promisedD. promises3.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except for a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgottenB. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgottenD. had spoken; have forgotten4.Neither your sister nor mine _the good news. Let's tell them.A.know B.knows C.knew D.known5.The air here is much fresher than before.Yes. We _a lot of trees in the last few years.A.have planted B.planted C.are planting D.will plant6.Betty will ring me up when she _in Beijing.A.arrive B.arrives C.arrived D.will arrive7.The students _ heatly when the teacher came in.A. discussedB. had discussedC. would discussD. were discussing8.Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _on the phone.Oh, sorry.A.talk B.talked C.am talking D.haven't talked9.It is reported in the papers that the old coins _under the earth for about 200 years by the time they were discovered.A.had buried B.had been buried C.buried D.were buried10.I felt very tired when I got home, and I _ straight to bed.A.go B.went C.had gone D.have gone二、用所给词的正确形式填空11.When I first met Jack, he _(work) in that school for 10 years.12.Children are not _(permit) into the cinema without their parents.13.Greece's best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their work _(influence) other writers ever since.14.There _(exist) a danger of the conflict becoming internationalized.15.The boss _(promise) a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.16.-Has Joey arrived?-No idea. But just a minute. I _(check) the arrival list for you.17.Jack didn't realize that he_(leave) his electronic dictionary on the bus until he got home.18.As time _(go) by, I was made smaller.19.I _ suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.20.As summer _ (approach), there will be plenty of job seekers searching for seasonal jobs. 答案以及解析一、单项选择1.答案：A解析：句意: -你是一个很棒的游泳者。-谢谢。因为我最近这些天一直在练习。根据句意及时间状语these days可知,此处应用现在完成进行时,表示从过去一直持续到现在, 并可能一直持续下去。故选:A。2.答案：A解析：考查现在完成进行时态"现在完成时"表示"动作发生在过去持续到现在并且还会继续下去"，其结构为have/has been doing结合句意，promise这一动作在过去几年就开始了，持续到现在，同时还会继续下去，所以A项正确故选：A3.答案：B解析：考查时态。句意：上大学的时候，我能说三门外语，但现在除了每门语言的几个单词外，我都忘记了。根据时间状语“When I was at college”可知，“能说三门外语”是读大学的时候的事情，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，第一空处用过去式spoke；结合句意可知，“除了每门语言的几个单词外，我都忘记了”强调现在的结果，用现在完成时态have forgotten。故选B项。4.答案：B解析：考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：你妹妹和我妹妹都不知道这个好消息。让我们告诉她们。根据“Let's tell them.”可知，此处是指现在的客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。“neither.nor.”的主谓一致使用“就近原则”，mine是指“我的妹妹”，为第三人称单数。故选B。5.答案：A解析：考查动词的时态。句意：这里的空气比以前新鲜多了。一是的。过去几年我们种了很多树。根据“in the last few years”可知，句子时态用现在完成时。故选A。6.答案：B解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：贝蒂到达北京后会给我打电话。主句为一般将来时，when 引