单元八 介词（精讲案）——2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】.docx

单元八 介词(精讲案)2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】一、表示时间和日期的介词1. in, on, atin用在表示年份、季节、月份，或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前例：We will have a meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning on Sunday.我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。2. for, during, through for后接"一段时间"，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用during表示"在期间"through表示"一直，自始至终"例：The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.这个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。I went to France during the summer holiday.暑假期间我去了法国。They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。3. from, sincefrom表示时间的起点，意为"从"，多用于"from.to/ till."中since表示"自从以来"例：I have been waiting here from morning till noon.我在这里从早上等到了中午。Great changes have taken place in our school since Dec, 2015.自从2015年12月以来，我们学校发生了很大变化。注意：for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点如：for two hours (持续)两小时；since last week 从上周直到现在4. before, by, till/ untilbefore表示"在之前"，与after相对by指"不迟于，到时为止，在以前"，by后接过去时间时，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间时，常与将来完成时连用till/ until表示"直到为止"，在肯定句中，till/ until必须与延续性动词连用；在否定句中，till/ until常与非延续性动词连用例：Please come before ten o'clock.请在十点钟以前回来。September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前，你必须支付账单。You must wait for him till/ until tomorrow.你必须一直等他到明天。5. after, inafter+一段时间：表示"在之后"，用于一般过去时；但当after后跟时间点时，可用于各种时态in+一段时间：表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示"在之内"时，可用于各种时态例：After eight it began to rain.八点后开始下雨。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.简很匆忙，因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。二、方位介词介词意义例句in在之内The students are reading in the classroom.学生们在教室里读书。on在上面The boat is on the river.那条船在河上。over在(正)上方There are several bridges over the river.河上有好几座桥。under在(正)下方The boat sailed under the river.船行驶在河上。above在上方The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。below在下方The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。by在旁边Our house is by the river.我们的房子在河边。besideCome and sit beside me.过来坐在我旁边。near在附近I don't need a car because I live near the city centre.我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。next to紧挨My best friend sits next to me in class.上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。behind在后面Olive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面.before在之前He made a speech before a large audience.他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。outside在外面He parked his car outside the heater.他把汽车停在剧场外面。(a)round围绕All sat around the table.所有的人围绕着桌子坐。三、表示计量的介词1. at表示"以速度，以价格"例：He bargained with the assistant, trying to get this bicycle at a low price.他和店员讨价还价，试图便宜买下这辆自行车。2. for表示"用交换，以为代价"例：He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百美元把车卖了。3. by表示"按计算"，后跟度量单位。接具体单位时，该名词前用定冠词the；接具体度量名词时，该名词前不加冠词例：They are paid by the day.他们按天计算报酬。四、表工具、手段、方式的介词1. 表示出行方式的by, in, on(1) by 不涉及交通工具的名词且名词前不带冠词、物主代词例：by sea, by water, by land, by air 涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词等修饰语例：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/ boat, by train, by spaceship(2) in, on 当出行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语例：travel to New York on this plane, go to school in my car 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on例：on foot, on horseback/ on a horse, on a camel2. with, in(1) with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰例：They are digging with a pick/ spade.他们正用一把镐/铲挖。(2) in后加原料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等；in后加大小写字母例：Please answer me in English.请用英语回答我。Please write in capital letters.请用大写字母写。3. 注意以下固定短语on/ over the telephone/ radio 通过电话/ 广播in this/ that way 这样/ 那样by this/ that means 用这/ 那种方式with this/ that method 用这/ 那种方式五、表示"除之外"的介词1. besides表示包含，"除之外还有"。except表示排除，"除之外"，指整体里面排除部分，后面可接代词、副词、介词短语，还可接that从句或wh-从句。2. but表示排除，多与nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等连用，其后可以接不定式。3. except for表示"除之外"，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加以修正。4. apart from表示"此外，除之外还有"时，相当于besides/ as well as；表示"撇开来说，除去"时，相当于except (for)。5. in addition to表示"除之外还有"，相当于besides。例：Apart from going shopping, the old lady likes walking except when it rains.天不下雨时，这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。It is a beautiful city, except for its traffic.除了交通问题，它是一座美丽的城市。六、表示原因的介词1. for表示原因，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用例：The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。2. at指情感变化的原因，意为"因听到或看到而"例：He was surprised at the news.他对这个消息感到吃惊。3. from指"外在的原因"，如受伤、车祸、劳累等例：Suffering from overwork, she is out of shape.由于工作过度，她健康状况不好。4. of指"内在的原因"，如疾病、饥饿、年老等例：If they don't find enough bamboo, pandas will die of hunger.如果找不到足够的竹子，熊猫会死于饥饿。5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因例：He was trembling with cold.他冷得发抖。6. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因例：She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的伞。七、of和to1. of + 抽象名词 = 形容词(1) of + great/ much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词(2) of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词例：The book is of great value to our research.这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。This old machine is of no use.这台旧机器没用了。2. to + one's + 情感名词 = to the + 情感名词 + of sb.例：To our great surprise, the boy lied to the teacher.令我们非常吃惊的是，那个男孩对老师撒谎了。To my great amusement, his false beard fell off. 使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉下来了。八、against的用法1.(表示方向)与方向相反；逆着；迎着；顶着。例：against the wind 迎着风；逆着风2.(表示方位)紧靠着；倚靠着。例：against the wall 靠着墙3.(表示对比)和比；和对照；以为背景。例：against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景4.(表示对象)对不利；对有害；以为竞争对手；违反；违背。例：fight against 同战斗；against the natural law 违背自然规律It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是，我们做到了。九、beyond的用法1. 表示"(时间)过了，比晚，迟于"。例：They arrived beyond nine o'clock.他们过了9点才到。He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。2. 表示"(位置)在的那边，在以外"。例：The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。The village is beyond the mountain.村庄在山的那边。These students came from beyond the seas.这些学生来自海外。3. 表示"(范围)超过，为所不及"。例：This book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。He is living beyond his income.他的生活入不敷出。Her work is beyond praise.她的工作令人赞不绝口。Good health is beyond price.健康的身体是无价之宝。It was a case beyond the doctor's skill.那位医生治不了这种病。十、with的用法1. 和在一起，和，同，跟例：Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their three little children.史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。2. 表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进，意为"随着"例：With time passing by, they have grown into big boys.随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子了。3. 表示"带有"，表伴随例：The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。4. 表示某人的行为方式或某事的发生方式例：The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.那个陌生人说话带外国口音。5. 指原因或理由例：She was shivering with cold.她冷得直发抖。十一、常用介词短语1. atat lunch 在吃午饭at table 在吃饭at school 在上学at peace 在和平时期at first = at the beginning 起初at the beginning of 在的初始阶段at the end of. 在结束时2. inin a sense 从某种意义上说in common 共同；共有in place 在适当的位置in practice 在实践中；实际上in public 公开地；当众in turn 依次；轮流；反过来in case 以免；万一in detail 详细地in office 执政；在位in power 当权；在执政in progress 在进行中in return 作为回报in time 及时；最终in the way 挡路in exchange for 用以交换in favour of 同意；支持in the meanwhile 同时in spite of 不管；不顾in terms of 就来说in addition to 此外；除以外3. onon behalf of 代表on condition that 以作为条件on sale 出售on strike 在罢工on the increase 正在增加on the air 正在广播on the contrary 相反4. underunder control 在控制之中under discussion 在讨论中under development 在发展中under construction 在建设中under repair 在修理中5. forfor lack of 由于缺乏for the benefit of 为了的利益as for 就而论；关于6. byby chance = by accident 偶然；碰巧by name 凭名字；用的名字by far 到目前为止7. out ofout of order 发生故障；失调out of place 不得其所的；不适当的out of control 失去控制out of one's reach 某人够不着的地方out of the question 不可能out of question 毫无疑问1. We still haven't got the sponsor _ the fact that we've written to dozens of companies.A. in chargeB. in view ofC. in spite ofD. in favor of2. Zhen He was a Ming dynasty _ that we Chinese people are proud of.I agree with you. He even succeeded _ sailing to the east coast of Africa.A. tourist; toB. philosopher; inC. inventor; toD. explorer; in3. Do you enjoy the dinner?Yes. The whole meal was good and the wine _ was excellent.A. in commonB. in totalC. in particularD. in general4. Most of the educators are _ providing more freedom to the teenagers, as it may make them more creative and independent.A. in favour ofB. in search ofC. in charge ofD. in need of5. The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with, _ her parents' disagreement.A. by means ofB. regardless ofC. due toD. in favour of6. Remember to spend some time _ your loved ones, because they're not going to be around forever.A. from B. with C. in D. on7. Tom was born _ London _ May 1st, 1989.A. in; in B. in; on C. on; in D. on; on8. Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effect B.in command C. in turn D. in shape9. Please write _ me and tell me _ your new job.A. to; about B. /; on C. to; in D. with; about10. Look！The girl is dressing up _ an old woman _ a black coat.A. as; in B. as; of C. in; as D. in; of11. Modern women are energetic, ambitious, and most of all, persistent _ their goal.A. in pursuit of B.in return for C. in touch with D. in contrast to12. From then on, we've kept in touch with each other _ e-mails.A. onB. throughC. beyondD. against13. _ his hard work, he failed to complete his work as scheduled.A. In spiteB. DespiteC. AlthoughD. Regardless14. The whole world seemed to be sleeping _ Helen, who was too excited to fall asleep.A. apart fromB. besidesC. away fromD. ahead of15. _ leaving high school, Ernest Hemingway joined a local Kanas newspaper as a trainee reporter.A. OnB. AtC. ForD. In答案以及解析1.答案：C解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们已经给几十家公司写了信，但仍然没有找到赞助商。A. in charge负责；B. in view of由于，鉴于；C. in spite of尽管，虽然；D. in favor of 支持。由语意可知，尽管给几十家公司写信，但是依然没有找到赞助商。故选C项。2.答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析和介词。句意：郑和是我们中国人引以为傲的明朝探险家。我同意你的看法。他甚至成功地航行到了非洲东海岸。A. tourist； to游客，到；B. philosopher； in哲学家，在中；C. inventor； to发明家，到；D. explorer； in探险家，在中。结合语意以及常识，郑和航行到了非洲东海岸，他是一位探险家，所以第一空应用名词explorer, succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配，表示"成功做某事"，所以第二空应用介词in。故选D项。3.答案：C解析：考查介词短语。句意：你喜欢晚餐吗?是的。整顿饭都很好，特别是葡萄酒，非常棒。A. in common共有； B. in total总计； C. in particular特别，尤其； D. in general普遍地。根据句意可知，此处特指"尤其是葡萄酒"，故选C。4.答案：A解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：大多数教育家都赞成为青少年提供更多的自由，因为这可能会使他们更有创造力和独立性。A. in favour of支持，赞成；B.in search of搜寻；C.in charge of负责；D.in need of需要。根据"as it may make them more creative and independent"可知，这里应表示教育家都"赞成"给青少年更多的自由。故选A项。5.答案：B解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个女孩不顾父母的反对，决心嫁给她爱上的那个年轻人。A.by means of用的方法，凭借：B. regardless of不管，不顾：C. due to由于；D. in favour of支持。根据"The girl was determined to marry the young man she fell in love with，"可知，女孩不顾父母的反对，决心嫁给她爱上的人。故选B。6.答案：B解析：考查介词。句意：记得花些时间和你爱的人在一起，因为他们不会永远在你身边。A. from 从，来自；B. with和，伴随；C. in在里面；D. on在上面。根据句意可知，记得花时间"和"爱的人在一起，spend time with somebody表示"花费时间和某人在一起"。故选B。7.答案：B解析：考查介词。句意：1989年5月1日，汤姆出生在伦敦。在伦敦用介词in；在具体的一天用介词on。故选B。8.答案：A解析：考查介词短语。句意：好的政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A.in effect实际上；B.in command指挥；C.in turn轮流，依次；D.in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。9.答案：A解析：考查介词。句意：请给我写信告诉我你新工作的事情。write to sb.给某人写信，tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关于事情。故选A。10.答案：A解析：考查介词。句意：看！这个女孩正在装扮成一个穿着黑色大衣的老太太。as作为；in穿着颜色；of的；dress up as打扮成，是固定短语；in a black coat穿着黑大衣。故选A。11.答案：A解析：考查介词短语。句意：现代女性充满活力、有抱负，最重要的是坚持追求她们的目标。根据句意可知，此处用in pursuit of"追求"符合语境，A. in pursuit of追求；B. in return for 作为回报；C. in touch with 保持联系；D. in contrast to与对比鲜明。故选A。12.答案：B解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我们一直通过电子邮件保持联系。A. on在上，关于；B. through 通过；C. beyond超过；D. against反对。根据前文的"kept in touch"可知，是表达"通过电子邮件保持联系"之意。故选B项。13.答案：B解析：考查介词，句意：尽管他努力工作，但未能如期完成工作，A. In spite尽管(后面需要加of)；B. Despite尽管；C. Although尽管；D. Regardless不管(后面常接of).根据"he failed to complete his work as scheduled"可知，尽管他努力工作，但是没能如期完工，横线后面为名词，所以空处需要介词despite"尽管"，构成介词短语，在句中作状语。A和D项后面都需要接of；项后面接句子。故选B.14.答案：A解析：考查介词和介词短语辨析。句意：整个世界似乎都在睡觉，除了海伦，她太激动了以至于无法入睡。A. apart from除了之外；B. besides此外：C. away from远离；D. ahead of在之前。结合句意，根据前半句说"整个世界似乎都在睡觉"和修饰先行词Helen的定语从句，可知要表达的是"除了海伦，她太激动了以至于无法入睡"。besides表示"此外，除之外(还)"，包括宾语在内，不符合本题意思。故选A。15.答案：A解析：考查介词。句意：高中毕业后，欧内斯特·海明威加入了当地一家卡纳斯报纸，成为一名实习记者。A. On在上；B. At在；C. For为了；D. In在里。分析可知，此处为固定句型on doing"一就"。故选A。版权所有©正确教育 侵权必纠！