专题05非谓语动词&独立主格结构-2024年高中英语语法精讲精练含答案.pdf

专题专题 05 非谓语动词非谓语动词&独立主格结构独立主格结构-2024 年高中英语语法精讲精练年高中英语语法精讲精练高中非谓语动词和独立主格结构的主要考察题型高中非谓语动词和独立主格结构的主要考察题型考察题型考察题型考察方式考察方式语法填空给提示的空格会考察 2-3 题，涉及到动词的不定式、动词 ing 形式和动词 ed形式，有时候也会考察动词的原形 do 形式。比如说语法填空中“Netizens were left 60_（amaze）by both the beauty of the dancer and the creativity involved in putting the dance underwater.”这句话考察了过去分词“amazed”。再比如说语法填空中“The team spent a total of 26 hours under water_65（complete）the shooting.”这句话考察了现在分词“completing”。再比如说语法填空中“First,parents should not be annoyed when their kids play video games.And its unfair for parents_58（blame）smartphones for all the problems of their children.”这句话考察了不定式“to blame”。书面表达学生能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上1-2句非谓语动词或者独立主格结构可以起到美化文章的作用。比如说应用文中“Besides,its a good chance to communicate with more people,thus helping you accumulate social experience.”使用了现在分词 helping 做伴随状语。再比如说读后续写中“One of them,a young lady,held out her gloved hand,with my lost keys hanging from her finger and a giant smile on her face!”运用了 with 的复合结构。再比如说读后续写中“One little boy wiped his hands repeatedly on his coat before taking over the soft blanket,a broad smile on this face.”使用了独立主格结构。高中非谓语动词和独立主格结构的主要考察点高中非谓语动词和独立主格结构的主要考察点 非谓语动词做状语 非谓语动词做定语 非谓语动词做补足语 非谓语动词做主语 非谓语动词做宾语 非谓语动词做表语 非谓语动词的时态和语态 独立主格结构下面具体讲解以上表格中的下面具体讲解以上表格中的 8 种考察点：种考察点：一、非谓语动词做状语一、非谓语动词做状语-(1)非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式 to do:To make it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。(2)非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词：The students rushed out of the classroom,laughing and talking.学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。(3)非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词：He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果表出乎意料的结果)More highways have been built in China,making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)(4)非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词：I am only too glad to see everything settled.看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。Being tired,he went to bed early.因为很累，他很早就睡了。Seeing the police,the thieves ran away.看到警察，小偷就跑了。【注意】部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：【注意】部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated(坐着的坐着的)，devoted(专注的专注的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着穿着)等。等。Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room.他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。Devoted to his job,he felt very proud.奉献于他的工作，他感到非常自豪。二、非谓语动词做定语二、非谓语动词做定语-非谓语动词用法动词不定式表示将要发生的动作动名词表示用途分词现在分词表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中过去分词表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成We are preparing for the mid-term examination to be held next week.我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。The lecture,starting at 7：00 pm.last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于 1911 年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。三、非谓语动词做补足语三、非谓语动词做补足语-(1)常接不定式作宾补的动词或动词短语有：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,remind,tell,want,warn,wish,call on(号召；要求),depend on 等If we expect people to give up the habit of driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。(2)使役动词 have,let,make 等后面可接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语；I like the film because it can make me laugh.我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。(3)感官动词(短语)see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel 等，后面可接省去 to 的不定式和动词-ing 形式作其宾语补足语，动词不定式表示动作的全过程，动词-ing 形式表示动作正在进行；Listen!Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(4)have,keep,leave,find,catch,send 等动词后可接动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语；She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.她让我等了二十多分钟。(5)过去分词作宾语补足语want,like,wish,order,have,make,get,keep,leave,see,hear,find,feel,notice,observe,watch等动词后还可接过去分词作宾语补足语。Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。【例题】【例题】1Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time _(spend)with his students.2I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train _(catch)3A sudden stop can be a very _(frighten)experience,especially if you are travelling at high speed.4_(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.【答案】【答案】spent to catch frighteningOrdered四、非谓语动词做主语四、非谓语动词做主语-To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用动词不定式短语作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.当动名词短语作主语时常用当动名词短语作主语时常用 it 作形式主语作形式主语 It is+no use,no good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time 等名词等名词)+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。It is+useless(nice,good,interesting,expensive 等形容词等形容词)+doing sth.It is useless speaking.光说没用。It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。It is good playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。动名词短语用于动名词短语用于 there be 句型中句型中There is no use(good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用做某事没用(不好不好/意义意义/重要性重要性)There is no use crying over split milk.覆水难收。五、非谓语动词做宾语五、非谓语动词做宾语-下列动词只能接不定式作（直接）宾语：下列动词只能接不定式作（直接）宾语：hope,wish,want,ask,help,refuse,learn,demand,care,choose,arrange,expect,decide,agree,plan,promise,offer,manage,pretend,prepare,elect,fail,long,determine,desire 等。【注意】不定式一般不做介词的宾语，但是可以放在介词【注意】不定式一般不做介词的宾语，但是可以放在介词 but/except 之后做宾语。之后做宾语。如果介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带 to；否则就要带 to。即所谓的“前前有有 do 后无后无 to”。例例 1.I have no choice but to stay here.例例 2.I can do nothing but stay here.it 作形式宾语作形式宾语如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，常用的动词有（consider,think,make,find,believe,count,declare,fancy,feel,guess,imagine,judge,prove,see,show,suppose,understand,take 等）。【注意】这里高考常考的动词有：【注意】这里高考常考的动词有：consider,make,find,feel,see,suppose,take 等。等。We consider it our duty to support good leaders.The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster.六、非谓语动词做表语六、非谓语动词做表语-In the ant city,the queens job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。He is excited about the new film.They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。七、考查非谓语动词的时态和语态七、考查非谓语动词的时态和语态-非谓语动词形式意义过去分词表示被动完成不定式的被动式表示被动但尚未发生现在分词的被动式表示被动进行动名词的被动式表示被动非谓语动词的完成式非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前Offered an important role in a new movie,Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于在这部新电影中担任了重要角色，所以安迪有了出名的机会。(表原因)We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。Having been told many times,he still couldnt understand it.被告知了多次，他仍旧不明白。【例题】【例题】1_(ask)to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.【答案】【答案】Having been asked2_(work)for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.【答案】【答案】Having worked八、独立主格结构八、独立主格结构-当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，有其独立的逻辑主语时，就把这个结构叫做独立主格结构。I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。All books returned at the end of the term,the library assistant was satisfied.所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。【注意】有时也可用【注意】有时也可用 with(without)+名词（代词宾格）名词（代词宾格）+分词形式分词形式With the lights burning,he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。独立成分：独立成分：有些分词或不定式短语作状语时，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking,frankly speaking,judging from/by,considering/takinginto consideration,to tell you the truth,supposing,given,provided,compared to/with 等。Judging from(by)his appearance,he must be an actor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generally speaking,girls are more careful.一般说来，女孩子更细心。【基础练习】【基础练习】一、单句语法填空一、单句语法填空1The Yangtze River，_(know)in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.2I like staying up late _(watch)TV,surfing the Internet or doing something Im fond of.3You lose weight for a while,only _(gain)back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.4The unhappy mouse died soon in the water,and his dead body floated around on the surface,_(fasten)to the foot of the frog.5No one can ignore the rich culture _(date)back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.6The 15-year-old from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the US.and China with his ability _(sing)pitch-perfect Mandarin(普通话)and perform the ancient Chinese art form.7Of course,_(enjoy)a nice meal with friends,whatever we eat,can also impact our spirits.Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.8The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,_(allow)more patients to be treated.9We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together.My husband went to the counter _(order)dishes and I stood with my parents.10 Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set,_(make)it easier for people to learn and master.11I felt like an idiot.I should not have left without charging my cell phone.The battery was dead and I was alone without any way _(contact)my family.12When you meet people from different cultures，it is important _(understand)what you can and cannot do.13.When making a car,they ask that the original car be shipped to them _(check)and repaired.14.The most common mistakes _(lead)to a bad back are poor body mechanics and unhealthy habits.15.Avoid sudden movements and twisting motions when carrying objects-even a bag of groceries can do serious harm when _(handle)improperly.16.The best programs for back health include basic _(strengthen)and cardiovascular(心血管的)exercises.17.That meant every time someone sent me a text or I wanted to send a text,I could only use the popular tiny picture characters _(respond)to or start a conversation.18._(communicate)with emoji was a way more difficult than I expected.19.There were missed messages,_(mix)messages,and messed up plans.20.There were people who immediately just called my phone to get the conversation _(move)faster.21.The media have reported that many migrant workers over the age of 50 say they want to save as much money as their body allows them _(continue)earning.22.They keep up their energy by _(eat)more meat,and conceal their age by dying their hair.23._(face)with their own difficult economic situation,these migrant workers are short of hope and prospect of inherited poverty on the part of their children,which is the worst thing for them,according to Cheng.24.It helps to build confidence when they see their skills improving and their goals _(become)reality.25.But a growing number of people are traveling abroad for medical treatment,_(create)a fast-growing market that is still largely undeveloped by traditional tour operators.26.A 42-year-old physical therapist from Berlin,for example,chose to go to a dentist in Budapest,_(draw)by hundreds of euros in savings compared with the same treatment in Germany.27.And this year,it celebrates 100 years of _(fix)up dolls,teddy bears,rocking horses,umbrellas and more.28._(expand)the business,Harold Chapman Jr.relocated the Doll Hospital and included repairs to other toys,leather goods,umbrellas,etc.29.Some advisers say that students need better tools,both in colleges and in high schools,_(help)them figure out what major is best for them.30.They are sometimes surprised to find philosophy majors _(work)for a software development company or biology majors in the tourism industry.31.This makes China the third region _(manufacture)large passenger aircraft,following the US Boeing company and the European Unions Airbus line.32.This makes China the third region to manufacture large passenger aircraft,_(follow)the US Boeing company and the European Unions Airbus line.33.This is because making large aircraft is a high-tech intensive industry that involves different disciplines,_(range)from aerodynamics（空气动力学）to material science.【答案】【答案】knownwatching to gain fastened datingto singenjoyingallowing to ordermakingto contactto understandto be checked leading （being）handled strengthening to respond Communicating mixed moving to continue eatingFaced becoming creating drawn fixing To expand to help findingto manufacturer following ranging二、根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文二、根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文Water problems in the future will become more serious.On the one hand,our 1.(increase)population will greatly increase the citys waste,mainly the 2.(pollute)water;on the other hand,3.(increase)demands for water will reduce the amount of water available for 4.(dilute)(冲淡)waste.Rapidly developing industries will produce larger quantities of liquid(液体)waste,much of which contains chemicals that are harmful.5.(feed)our rapidly increasing amounts,agriculture will have to be developed greatly.This will produce ever increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.From this,it is obvious that more steps must be 6.(take)immediately 7.(solve)the pollution problem.There are two ways in which the pollution levels can be 8.(reduce).This is connected with the processing of treatment of the solid and liquid waste,to permit the reuse of the water or reduce pollution upon final treatment.The second way is 9.(develop)an economic(经济的)use of all or a part of the waste.Farm manure(肥料)is 10.(spread)in fields.Liquid waste from plants that treat polluted water is used in some areas for irrigation.Liquid waste from other processing plants may also be 11.(use)as an extra source of water.Many industries,such as meat and poultry processing plants,are currently 12.(change)former waste products into makeable by-products.Other industries are exploring possible economic uses for their waste products.【答案】【答案】1.increasing2.polluted3.increasing4.diluting 5.To feed6.taken7.to solve8.reduced 9.to develop10.spread11.used12.changing【补充习题】【补充习题】一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Sensorwake,41(appear)at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas,takes a completely different way to get 42(you)attention when its time to wake up.Instead of using sound to wake you up,the clock uses smells.It works with reusable smell capsules(胶囊)43(add)into a narrow opening along the top edge of the clock.19-year-old Guillaume Rolland,an engineering student from France,44(successful)raised$200,000 last year to invent the Sensorwake.45,do scents(气味)work as well as a regular audio alarm in terms of waking you up？While we might hate the sound of conventional alarms,they seem to be 46(use)to most regular sleepers.Rolland claims that the Sensorwake is just as good as the audio alarm,with testing showing his scent-based alarm 47(clock)wake 99 percent of people in 2 minutes.At 48 same time,the Sensorwake comes with an insurance policy for any sleepers who cant 49(wake)up by its primary feature.For extra-heavy sleepers,there is a backup audio alarm 50will start to go off if the smell doesnt make you wake up within 3 minutes.【答案】【答案】41appearing 42your 43added 44successfully 45However 46useful47clocks 48the 49be woken 50that/which 二、阅读理解二、阅读理解 Vacation Packages in Los AngelesA Disney in Los AngelesEnjoy a fantastic and magical adventure in the Los Angeles area with A Disney in Los Angeles,which includes a four-night stay and a 1-day Disneyland Park Hopper（通票）with transpor