2021年8月北京中科院计算技术研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

【考研英语】2021年8月北京中科院计算技术研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Central heating became popular only after the Civil War.Typically,coalburning furnaces（火炉）fueled the early systems.Natural gas haddeveloped into the leading fuel by 1960.Its acceptance resulted in partfrom its wide uses.Because it comes primarily from U.S.and Canadianfields,natural gas is also less vulnerable（脆弱的）than oil is to War.Oilremains the most important fuel in a few areas,such as NewEngland.What fuel is the dominant fuel in New England?A、GasB、日ectricityC、WoodD、Oil【正确答案】D【答案解析】该题问的是：在新英格兰什么燃料是最主要的?第一段的最后一句话是这么说的：在少数地区，如新英格兰,石油仍然是最主要的燃料。第2题【单选题】Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of theirresponses to the current crisis,working together and supporting oneanother through the early months of unemployment.Todays economiccrisis could well generate a similar number of couples whoserelationships have been irreparably（无法弥补地）ruined.So it is onlywhen the economy is healthy again that well begin to see just how manybroken families have been created.What can be inferred from the lastparagraph?A、A stable family is the best protection against poverty.B、Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.C、Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships.D The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o推理判断题。最后一段指出，目前的经济危机极有可能会使得这些家庭分崩离析，无法弥补。唯有等到经济再次稳健之后我们才能发现多少家庭在此过程中支离破碎。由此可见，经济的复苏将会见证更高的离婚率，故答案为Do C很少有夫妻能够经受得起经济危机的考验属于过度推断，可以排除。A和B文章皆未提及。第3题【单选题】Many people act on without counting the cost.A、failB、impulseC、outlineD、rate【正确答案】B【答案解析】impulse冲动；电子脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力。第4题【单选题】Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man.Needless to say,we triedto make him change his mind.A、in shortB、in secretC、in vainD、in danger【正确答案】C【答案解析】本题的四个选项都是以in开头的介词短语，因此考查的是词组的辨析、理解与运用。in vain“白白地，徒劳。根据题意，正确答案应为C。第5题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B nothing but表示 只的意思。第6题【单选题】Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known,Flowers andYeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops andplants.Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able tobloom again,providing much needed food in the poorer countries of theworld.The attitude of the author towards the research project is.A、positive.B、negative.C、suspicious.D、indifferent.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答 案 选A。作者在本段中对二人研究的结果给予了展望，态度是积极的。所以，选择A。第7题【单选题】We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and servicesthat we export,the investment that we attract and we make abroad.A、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。B、英国比世界上其他主要经济更依赖商品和服务出口的投资、引资。C、英国对出口的商品和服务以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。D、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖超过了世界上任何其他经济大国。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o本题主要考查经济的专业术语。原文中的economy指“经济大国，是近几年才出现的一种用法。第8题【单选题】You consider that you cant find your place in your own country,so yourisk the comfortable but modest life with your parents and you goabroad.Maybe there will be moments when you cant stand theloneliness anymore,the strangers around you,or your job.But youremember nobody made you take that decision,so you take a deepbreath,and you go on,as you are the only one to be blamed.When youare lonely in a foreign country,you s houl d.A、change your decisionB、blame your parents for itC、stick to your decision and go onD make more friends【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。根据文章本段中But you remembernobody made you take that decision,so you take a deep breath,and you go on.可知答案。作者认为你出国后可能会面临各种困难，面对周围的陌生人、工作，你可能会感到孤独，但是仔细想想这个决定是你自己做的，于是你不得不深呼吸，然后继续。第9题【单选题】I had the illusion that I was driving through one immensely long,narrowfarm.A、我有一种错觉，我是在驱车穿过一个特别狭长的农场。B、我感到仿佛是在驱车穿过一个特别狭长的农场。C、当我在开车穿过一个特别狭长的农场时产生了一种幻觉。D、我仿佛产生了一种错觉，那就是我开车穿过一个极长而狭窄的农场。【正确答案】B【答案解析】had the illusion表示的是开车时的一种感觉,所以译为 我感觉仿佛 这样比较好，而不直译为“错觉”o第10题【单选题】She used to relate how she met in Italy an elderly gentleman who waslooking very sad.A、她经常提到她如何在意大利碰到一位老先生，他看来很悲伤。B、她常对人说，她在意大利碰到过一位愁容满面的老先生。C、她经常提到她如何在意大利碰到一位愁容满面的老先生。D、她常对人说，她在意大利碰到过一位上了年纪的绅士，他看起来很悲伤。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。“who was looking very sad”是定语，翻译成中文要注意语序。第11题【单选题】Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn,the Irish milkmaidfought hard to hold back her laughter.A、checkB、keepC、stopD、retain【正确答案】A【答案解析】hold back抑制，控制。check克 制,抑 制（做某事或表露感情）。参考译文：看见我笨手笨脚地把牛牵向牲口棚，那位爱尔兰挤奶女工竭尽全力克制自己不笑出声来。第12题【单选题】Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe,attempts to usebotanical fuel as a source of power.A、have madeB、having madeC、are being madeD、will be making【正确答案】C【答案解析】考查动词时态和语态辨析。make attempts to dosth.是固定短语，所 以 attempts与 m ake是被动关系，所有只有C 符合。第13题【单选题】Both Tom and his brother take after their father not only in appearancebut also in character.A、resembleB、assimilateC、followD reflect【正确答案】A【答案解析】take after与.相像。resemble像.，相似。参考译文：汤姆和他兄弟不仅长相像他们父亲，性格也相似。第 14题【单选题】The lawyer thought that piece of evidence was early in theinvestigation,but it turned out to be vital in convicting the criminal.mA、unchangeableB、unsuitable回C、insignificantD important【正确答案】C【答案解析】句意：在调查初期律师认为这项证据不是很重要，但后来证明，这项证据在控告罪犯时起了至关重要作用。insignificant意为“不重要的；unsuitable意为“不合适的，不适当的；unchangeable意为 不可改变的，不变的；important意为“重要的，重大的。第 15题【单选题】Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mindtheir manners.A、evaluateB、memorizeC protectD、observe【正确答案】D【答案解析】comply with服从,遵从。observe遵守，奉行。参考译文：读者被要求遵守图书馆规章并注意各自的行为规范。第 16题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。nothing but表示 只”的意思。第 17题【单选题】This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A、thatB、whichC、from thatD、from which【正确答案】D【答案解析】copied the paragraph from the magazine.第18题【单选题】After seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.A、whichB、itC、whatD、that【正确答案】C【答案解析】选 项A,认为介词后应接关系代词which（但是，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词）；B或D也不能选择,因为介词后可接what引导的宾语从句，但通常不能跟that引导的宾语从句或没有引导词的从句。另一方面，引导名词性从句的that也不能充当句子成分（句中的seemed缺主语）。选C,what引导的是宾语从句，用做介词after的宾语，其中的what可理解为some time thato第19题【单选题】They started and.A、to dance,to singB、to dance,sangC、dance,to singD to dance,sing【正确答案】D【答案解析】a n d 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to。第20题【单选题】We have great differences today.What brings us together is that we havecommon interests which transcend those differences.A、现在我们有很大的分歧。但使我们走到一起的，是我们有跨越这些分歧的共同利益。B、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些不同的共同利益。C、今天我们有巨大的分歧。使我们走到一起的，是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。D、今天我们有巨大的不同。使我们来到一起的，是我们有超过这些不同的共同兴趣。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。great differences在句子中表示的是“巨大的分歧”的意思；interests在本句中不是表示“兴趣，而是表示双方之间共同的利益。第21题【单选题】My little house cant compare his villa（别墅）.A、asB、fromC、withD、by【正确答案】C【答案解析】compare with：与.相比/匹敌。句意：我的小房子是无法和他的别墅相比的。答案选C第22题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution wasscience.A、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本句考查程度副词的翻译。本句的翻译重点是Scarcely less important,scarcely是程度副词，意思是“几乎不，简直没有。它本身带有否定的意思。lessimportant意 思 是“不如.重要，而 加scarcely之后，双重否定表示肯定，意思是两者是差不多同样重要的，所以应该选C。第23题【单选题】I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with thef a r m e r s,h a s a great effect on my life.A、when;whoB、that;whichC、which;thatD when;which【正确答案】D【答案解析】years是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.第24题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】nothing but表示“只”的意思。第25题【单选题】They are b r i g h t,able and confident.A、latentB、revolutionC、subsequentD、intelligent【正确答案】D【答案解析】intelligent智能的；聪明的；理解力强的。第26题【单选题】You will be liable for any damage caused.A liberalB responsibleC、profoundD、rectify【正确答案】B【答案解析】be liable f o r有 责任；有 义务；responsible负责的，可靠的；有责任的。第27题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution wasscience.A、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】本句考查程度副词的翻译。本句的翻译重点是Scarcely less important,scarcely是程度副词，意思是“几乎不，简直没有。它本身带有否定的意思。less important意思是 不如 重要，而加scarcely之后，双重否定表示肯定，意思是两者是差不多同样重要的，所以应该选C。第28题【单选题】KII come to see you if.A、you/re convenientB、it is convenient for youC、you feel convenientD、it is convenient with you【正确答案】B【答案解析】英语中convenient的意思不是 感到方便的，而是“使人感到方便的，所 以be convenient的主语不能是 人。要表示 如果你方便的话，英语通常说if it is convenientfor(to)yo u,其中的介词可用for或t o,但一般不用with。第29题【单选题】He wanted to look for occupation suited to his abilities.A、employmentB、psychologyC、speciesD、majority【正确答案】A【答案解析】occupation职业；employment职业；雇用。第30题【单选题】a mobile phone can you ring you want to talk withanywhere.A、Using,whoeverB、Only on,whomeverC、By,whomeverD、With,whoever【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。考查方式状语。“打手机，你可以随地随便与（任何）人谈话。with表示 拥有，带着，但未必是使用着;使用A 选项不会出现倒装;C 项 by后不应该有冠词3 o第31题【单选题】It was 5:00 in the afternoon they arrived at the hotel.A、whenB、thatC、beforeD、since【正确答案】A【答案解析】考查定语从句。w hen引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语。第32题【单选题】The decline in moral standards,which has long concerned social analysts,has at last the attention of average Americans.A、clarifiedB、cultivatedC、characterizedD captured【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题的四个选项意思各不相同，但能与题句空格 后 的 名 词 attention搭 配 并 符 合 题 意 的 只 有 一 个。capture 捕获，吸 引（注意力）。根据题意，正确答案应选Do第33题【单选题】It is important that I with Mr.Williams immediately.A、speakB、spokeC、will speakD、to speak【正确答案】A【答案解析】It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气,从句用sb.should d o的形式。第34题【单选题】His solution to the puzzle is ingenious.A、cleverB、savageC、capableD federal【正确答案】A【答案解析】ingenious有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的；clever聪明的；机灵的；熟练的。第35题【单选题】He suggested the person referred put into prison.A、isB、beC、to beD、should be【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。referred t o 过去分词作定语，be putinto prison是宾语从句的谓语部分。学生由于粗心，容易误选 B 或者D o第36题【单选题】We admire her for entering a famous university.A、honorB、appreciateC、prizeD、admit【正确答案】B【答案解析】admire 钦佩；赞美；appreciate欣赏。第37题【单选题】In this context,it is important for our two societies to search for areas ofcooperation which clearly add to our mutual benefit.A、在这种上下文里，这是很重要的，我们两个社会应该寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域。B、在这种情况下，我们两个社会应该寻求合作领域，那些对我们两国确实互利的，这是很重要的。C、在这种情景下，对于我们两个社会来说，寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域是很重要的。D、在这种情况下，我们两个社会应该寻求那些对我们两国确实互利的合作领域，这是很重要的。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。In this context：在这种情况下；tosearch for areas of cooperation：寻找合作领域；mutual benefit（双方）共同的利益；it 为形式主语，翻译时可以不译，把真实主语不定式提前译。第38题【单选题】If they want to,thats fine with me.A、integrateB、sustainC、pressureD、license【正确答案】A【答案解析】integrate求积分；取消隔离；成为一体。第39题【单选题】He was so angry at all she was doing he walked out.A、what,thatB、that,thatC、that,whichD、what,as【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题关键短语be angry at sth.因此all后的shewas doing为定语从句,修饰all。第二个空考查so.that.句型，答案应为B。第40题【单选题】Its impossible to detach oneself from reality.A、scatterB、separateC、reformD、prescribe【正确答案】B【答案解析】detach分离；派遣；使超然；separate分开；隔开；分居。第41题【单选题】He began comparing himself the other teammates and foundhe didn/t practice as hard as them.A、asB、fromC、withD、by【正确答案】C【答案解析】compare.with.：把.与.相比较。句意：他开始将自己和其他的队员们比较，发现不如他们训练得认真。答案选C。第42题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。nothing but表示 只”的意思。第43题【单选题】This thesis led to a radical change of labor policies.A、temporaryB、terminateC、essentialD、reserve【正确答案】C【答案解析】radical根本的；essential基本的；本质的。第44题【单选题】Father had no more than a superficial knowledge of music.A、widespreadB、shallowC、reluctantD、subsequent【正确答案】B【答案解析】superficial 表面的；肤浅的；shallow浅的;肤浅的。第45题【单选题】If I the money,I would have bought a much bigger car.A、possessedB、ownedC、hadD、had had【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示 有。第46题【单选题】in 1812,the New Orleans Battle could have been avoided.A、If the peace agreement was signed in AmericaB、If the peace agreement had signed in AmericaC、Was the peace agreement signed in AmericaD、Had the peace agreement been signed in America【正确答案】D【答案解析】根据题干中主句谓语动词的结构可知，该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构，从句中谓语部分应使用过去完成时，如果省略连词i f,句子应采用部分倒装形式，即将助动词had调至主语之前，选项A、C为陈述语序，选 项B为主动语态，均不符合句子结构。答 案D。第47题【单选题】The flood went down,leaving the village destroyed.A、mainlyB、completelyC、exactlyD、thoroughly【正确答案】B【答案解析】mainly主要的。completely完 全 的（强调整体性）。thoroughly彻 底 的（强调无疏漏）。第48题【单选题】Between the two rows of trees the teaching building.A、standB、standsC、standingD、are【正确答案】B【答案解析】这是个倒装句,主语是the teaching building,所以谓语动词用单数形式。第 49题【单选题】My d ic t io n a r y.1 have looked for it everywhere but still it.A、has lost,do not findB、is missing,do not findC、has lost,have not foundD、is missing,have not found【正确答案】D【答案解析】lose是个及物动词，如果要表示某物丢失了，只能用被动语态。A项与C项使用的都是其主动形式。missing是形容词，其词义是：lost;not to be found（丢失了的），据此，第一空缺处应填入is missing。根据语境，第二个空缺处应填使用现在完成时的否定形式，因为它可以表示目前还未发生的动作。第 50题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。nothing but表示 只的意思。第51题【单选题】The ISU wont finally approve the new system until it meets in June butalready UK Sport,the British Government/s sports body,has expressedreservations.I remain to be convinced that the random selectionsystem would offer the guarantees that everyone concerned with ethicalsport is looking for,says Jerry Bingham,UK Sport/s head of ethics.Theattitude of those concerned in the UK to the new rules proposed by ISUcan be best described as.A、indifferent.B、reserved.C、enthusiastic.D positive.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B o根据本段第一句话可知英国对他们提出的新规则是持保留态度的。第52题【单选题】The heat was so from the fire that the firemen could not enterthe building.A、intenseB、tenseC、intensiveD、violent【正确答案】A【答案解析】intense强烈的/挚热的。tense紧张的。intensive深入的/细致的。violent暴力的。第53题【单选题】In this world of change and complexity,the need for information is ofgreatest importance.Those people who have accurate,reliableup-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems,the criticalproblems of their business,social and family life,will survive andsucceed Knowledge is power may well be the truest saying and accessto information may be the most critical requirement of all people.We canlearn from the paragraph t hat.A、it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possibleB、people should make the best use of the information accessibleC、we should realize the importance of accumulating informationD、it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。本段作者指出：“当今世界多变、复杂，信息对人至关重要。人们要学会利用准确、可靠、最新的信息来解决日常问题及他们工作和社会交往、家庭生活中的重大问题，只有这样的人才能生存、才能成功。知识就是力量，获取信息是对所有人的最重要的要求从该段中我们得知 D 项 it is of vital important to acquire neededinformation efficiently(有效地获取所需信息是至关重要的)为正确答案。而 A 项只强调信息的量；B 项强调充分利用所获得的信息，而原文强调的是“需要”信息；C 项强调应该意识到积累信息的重要性，这在该段中并未提及。第54题【单选题】Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paidleave from work to care for a newborn child.Last spring one of the two,Australia,gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid familyleave starting in 2011.I wasn/t surprised when this didnt make the newshere in the United Stateswe/re now the only wealthy country withoutsuch a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy,theFamily and Medical Leave Act,passed in 1993.It entitles workers to asmuch as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with afamily medical problem.Despite the modesty of the benefit,theChamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly,describing it as government run personnel management”and a“dangerous precedent/In fact,every step of the way,as(usually)Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balancemeasures into the law,business groups hav