2021年3月贵州师范大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

【考研英语】2021年3月贵州师范大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】This thesis led to a radical change of labor policies.A、temporaryB、terminateC、essentialD、reserve【正确答案】C【答案解析】radical根 本 的;essential基本的;本质的。第2题【单选题】Peter has a changeable character.A、roleB、dispositionC、symbolD、nature【正确答案】B【答案解析】character性格，品质；disposition性情。第3题【单选题】The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man/s technology areimpressive.Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years.Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron,copper and so on exist on theocean floor.According to the author,technology is important becauseA、resources on land are running short in ten yearsB、man can use it to explore the deeper seaC、it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD、ancient people used it to explore the sea【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段第一句作者提到The riches of the sea yet tobe developed by mans technology are impressive,人类利用技术 可 以 开 发 的 海 洋 资 源 是 惊 人 的。段 末 说 到：Valuableamounts of minerals such as iron,copper and so on exist on theocean floor.然而，大量有价值的矿物均还埋藏于海底。如铁,铜等等。其他三项都没有提到。第4题【单选题】The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful,them more terribleA、not makeB、not to makeC、not makingD、do not make【正确答案】B【答案解析】如两个不定式表示并列关系时，后一不定式前可省去t。;表示对比关系时;不定式符号to常保留。第5题【单选题】In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks thisweek,let us recognize at the outset these points.A、本着我希望将成为本周我们会谈的特色的坦率精神，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。B、我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的。本着这种坦率的精神,让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。C、本着坦率的精神，我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。D、本着坦率的精神，我希望本周我们的会谈具有特色，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选 Bo which I hope will characterize our talksthis week限制性定语从句,修饰frankness。I hope是定语从句中的插入语。In the spirit of：本着 的精神。at the outset：在开始的时候。第6题【单选题】Will you go home tomorrow evening?No,I am going to a lecture,orat least I am p la n n in g.A、soB、toC、itD、that【正确答案】B【答案解析】考查省略。用不定式符号to代替个不定式togoto a lecture0第7题【单选题】Every student and every t e a c h e r.A、are going to attend the meetingB、have attended the meetingC、has attended the meetingD、is attended the meeting【正确答案】C【答案解析】代 词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。第 8 题 Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a textabout world/s first DNA computers.Choose the most suitable headingfrom the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(1-5).The first and lastparagraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra headingwhich you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)AThe ability of DNA to store informationBExamples forthe future use of DNA computersCThe advantage of DNAcomputersDThe research of DNA computers is at the beginningstageEThe working principle of the microscopic computersFTheevaluation made by the researching team on DNA computerslsraeliscientists have built a DNA computer so tiny that a trillion of them couldfit in a test tube and perform a billion operations per second with 99.8percent accuracy.l)It is the first programmableautonomous computing machine in which the input,output,softwareand hardware are all made of biomolecules.Instead of using fires andformulas to solve a problem,the microscopic computer/s input,outputand software are made up of DNA moleculeswhich store and processencoded information in living organisms.2)Scientistssee such DNA computers as future competitors to their moreconventional cousins because miniaturization is reaching its limits andDNA has the potential to be much faster than conventional computers.“We have built a nanoscale computer made of biomolecules that is sosmall you cannot run them one at a time.When a trillion computers runtogether they are capable of performing a billion operations,said EhudShapiro,Professor of the Weitzman Institute in Israel.3)Although too simple to have any immediateapplications it could form the basis of a DNA computer in the future thatcould potentially operate within human cells and act as a monitoringdevice to detect potentially,disease-causing changes and synthesizedrugs to fix them.The model could also form the basis of computers thatcould be used to screen DNA libraries in parallel without sequencingeach molecule,which could speed up the acquisition of knowledgeabout DNA.4)DNA can hold more information in acubic centimeter than a trillion CDs.The double helix molecule thatcontains human genes stores data on four chemical basesknown bythe letters A,T,0 and Ggiving it massive memory capability thatscientists are only just beginning to tap into.The living cell containsincredible molecular machines that manipulate information-encodingmolecules such as DNA and RNA in ways that are fundamentally verysimilar to computation/said Shapiro,the head of the research team thatdeveloped the DNA computer.Since we dont know how to effectivelymodify these machines or create new ones just yet,the trick is to findnaturally existing machines that,when combined,can be steered toactually compute,he added.5）Writing in the sciencejournal Nature,Shapiro and his team describe their DNA computer theautomaton which can answer certain yes or no questions.Data isrepresented by pairs of molecules on a strand of DNA and two naturallyoccurring enzymes act as the hardware to read,copy and manipulate thecode.When it is all mixed together in the test tube,the software andhardware operate on the input molecule to create the output.DNAcomputing is a very young branch of science that started less than adecade ago,when Leonard Adleman of the University of SouthernCalifornia pioneered the field by using DNA in a test tube to solve amathematical problem.Scientists around the globe are now trying tomarry computer technology and biology by using nature/s own design toprocess information.【正确答案】ECBAF【答案解析】1）【答案】E【解析】本段位于整篇文章第二段，在第一段概括介绍之后，这一段具体说明此类计算机的工作原理，故 选Eo 2）【答案】C【解析】本段第一句话介绍说DNA计算机具有较传统计算机运行速度更快的优势，之后通过以色列教授的话具体肯定，故整段是围绕DNA计算机的优势展开，选Co 3）【答案】B【解析】本段主要是对D N A计算机在未来应用的展望，包括可以被植入人体细胞内，作为监控装置检测出潜在的致病变化，并合成药物 修理致病变化，还可以并行方式而非按顺序筛选DNA资料库，这样要可以加快人们对DNA知识的获取，故 选Bo 4）【答案】A【解析】本段第一句话说明每立方厘米DNA上可容纳的信息要比一万亿张光盘存储的容量还要多。由此可推断本段主要在介绍DNA存储信息的巨大能力，故选A。5）【答案】F【解析】此段第一句话引用 自然科学杂志刊登的一篇文章，说明在沙皮罗和研究小组成员的眼中，DNA计算机是一种何种性质的装置，故 选F。第9题【单选题】As Yale law professor Anne AI stott argues,justifying parental supportdepends on defining the family as a social good that,in some sense,society must pay for.In her book No Exit:What Parents Owe TheirChildren and What Society Owes Parents,she argues that parents areburdened in many ways in their lives:there is“no exit“when it comes tochildren.Society expectsand needsparents to provide their childrenwith continuity of care,meaning the intensive,intimate care that humanbeings need to develop their intellectual,emotional,and moralcapabilities.And society expectsand needsparents to persist in theirrole for 18 years,or longer if needed/What is Professor Anne Alstottsargument for parental support?A、Good parenting benefits society.B、The cost of raising children in the US has been growing.C、The US should keep up with other developed countries.D、Children need continuous care.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答 案 选A o推理判断题。本段提到，社会也需要家长们对他们的孩子付出关爱，因为良好的父母教养能造福于社会，应选A项。B项“抚养孩子的成本在美国已越来越大,C项“美国应该赶上其他发达国家，这两项在文中均未提及；D项 儿童需要持续的照顾，是对文中的parents toprovide their children with continuity of care 设置的干扰项。第10题【单选题】Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution wasscience.A、在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。B、在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。C、在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。D、在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本句考查程度副词的翻译。本句的翻译重点是Scarcely less important,scarcely是程度副词，意思是 几乎不，简直没有。它本身带有否定的意思。lessimportant意思是 不如.重要，而 加scarcely之后，双重否定表示肯定，意思是两者是差不多同样重要的，所以应该选C。第11题【单选题】In his closing remarks,the chairman expressed his thanks to all thosewho had contributed to the success of the conference.A、commentsB、speechC、criticismD、lecture【正确答案】B【答案解析】remarks致辞。speech讲话，演说。参考译文：在闭幕词里，主席向所有为大会的成功举办作出过贡献的人士表示了感谢。第12题【单选题】My d ic t io n a r y.1 have looked for it everywhere but still it.A、has lost,do not findB、is missing,do not findC、has lost,have not foundD、is missing,have not found【正确答案】D【答案解析】lose是个及物动词，如果要表示某物丢失了，只能用被动语态。A项与C项使用的都是其主动形式。missing是形容词，其词义是:lost;not to be found（丢失了的），据此，第一空缺处应填入is missing。根据语境，第二个空缺处应填使用现在完成时的否定形式，因为它可以表示目前还未发生的动作。第13题【单选题】today,he would get there by Friday.A、Would he leaveB、Was he leavingC、Were he to leaveD、If he leaves【正确答案】C【答案解析】这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。第14题【单选题】Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are notreligious but commercial,and forever happy.Fast-food eaters,newsanchors,text messengers,all smiling,smiling,smiling.Our magazinesfeature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.Andsince these messages have an agendato lure us to open ourwalletsthey make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.“Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex,beforewe found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.In the authorsopinion,a d v e r t is in g.A、emerges in the wake of the anti团 happy artB、is a cause of disappointment for the general publicC、replaces the church as a major source of informationD、creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选 D o观点态度题。本段第4 句指出，商业 文 化（其代表就是广告）传达快乐信息的目的是诱使我们打开钱包，而这使快乐的概念本身变得不可信了。接着指出，我们忘记了，幸福不仅仅是没有痛苦的享乐，那些带来最大快乐的东西同时也最有可能带来巨大的损失和失望。由此可知,广告带给我们的快乐是一种不真实的感受。因此D正确。第15题【单选题】The farm is set right next to a beautiful flood plain and the property ishome to trees that have lived for thousands of years.All of the villagesthroughout Botswana（博茨瓦纳）have their own chief who controls acertain amount of land.We had the opportunity to sit in on a meetingwith the chief of Katchikow,which we called it“Catch a Cow.In themeeting we discussed starting a hydroponics farm in his area.He seemedto be all for it and said that it was gods plan that the project we werehelping with had come to his area.The chief of each villageA、is called KatchikowB、supports the idea of hydroponics farmC、has a certain amount of landD、has a meeting each week【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。细节理解题。根据所考关键词chief迅速锁定本段介绍chief的内容。每个村庄都会有一个自己的首领，而每个首领都拥有一定量的土地。第16题【单选题】Any principle is preferable to none.A、秘密的B、首要的C、初步的D、更好的【正确答案】D【答案解析】preferable a d j.更好的，更可取的；更合意的。第 17题【单选题】It is necessary that a college student at least a foreignlanguage.A、mastersB、should masterC、masteredD will master【正确答案】B【答案解析】It is necessary(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely.)that.,这类主语从句中，谓语动词多为(should)+动词原形，即要用虚拟语气。第 18题【单选题】In his closing remarks,the chairman expressed his thanks to all thosewho had contributed to the success of the conference.A、commentsB、speechC、criticismD、lecture【正确答案】B【答案解析】remarks致辞。speech讲话，演说。参考译文：在闭幕词里，主席向所有为大会的成功举办作出过贡献的人士表示了感谢。第19题【单选题】There are certain when you must interrupt people who are in themiddle of doing something.A、conditionsB、situationsC、occasionsD、environments【正确答案】C【答案解析】conditions状况/条件/情形（与日常生活相关）。situation 形式/局面。occasion 场合/时亥（J。environment 环境/外界。第20题【单选题】The potato is also from the New World.Around 1600,the Spanishbrought it from Peru to Europe,where it soon was widely grown.Irelandbecame so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved whenthe crop failed during the Potato Famine（饥荒）of 1845 1846,andthousands more were forced to leave their homeland and move toAmerica.Thousands of Irish people starved during the Potato FaminebecauseA、they were so dependent on potatoes that they refused to eatanything else.B、they were forced to leave their homeland and move to America.C、the weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growingpotatoes.D、the potato harvest was bad.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段提到，土豆传到欧洲后被广泛种植。爱尔兰人对土豆非常依靠。在 土豆饥荒时期，土豆减产(whenthe crop failed),因而人们遭受饥饿，被迫离开故土。第21题【单选题】We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and servicesthat we export,the investment that we attract and we make abroad.A、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。B、英国比世界上其他主要经济更依赖商品和服务出口的投资、引资。C、英国对出口的商品和服务以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。D、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖超过了世界上任何其他经济大国。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o本题主要考查经济的专业术语。原文中的economy指 经济大国，是近几年才出现的一种用法。第22题【单选题】It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV ofFrance,himself a devoted dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance.The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin werefinalized.In the late 1700s another important change occurred.Balletbegan to tell a story on its own.It was no longer simply dance to beperformed between acts of plays.Elaborate wigs and costumes wereeliminated.By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes tomake it appear that they were floating.An important influence in earlyballet wa s.A、BalanchineB、Marie AntoinetteC、DiaghilevD、Louis XIV【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D。细节题。对照原文It was also in the1600s that professional ballet began.King Louis XIV of France,himself a devoted dancer,founded the Royal Academy of Dance这里出现的时间1600s在原文中是比较早的，提到的人物是King Louis X IV,选 D。第23题【单选题】They are b r i g h t,able and confident.A、latentB、revolutionC、subsequentD、intelligent【正确答案】D【答案解析】intelligent智能的；聪明的；理解力强的。第24题【单选题】While most parents do this out of love,there are public penalties for notproviding care.What parents do,in other words,is of deep concern tothe state,for the obvious reason that caring for children is not onlymorally urgent but essential for the future of society.The staterecognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern childrenswelfare,yet parents receive little help in meeting the life changingobligations society imposes.To classify parenting as a personal choice forwhich there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore thesocial benefits of good parenting;really,it is to steal those benefitsbecause they accrue to the whole of society as today/s children becometomorrow/s productive citizenry In fact,by some estimates,the value ofparental investments in children,investments of time and money(including lost wages),is equal to 20-30%of gross domestic product.Ifthese investments generate huge social benefitsas they clearlydothe benefits of providing more social support for the family shouldbe that much clearer.What does the author think of America/s large bodyof family laws governing childrens welfare?A、They fail to ensure children/s healthy growth.B、They fail to provide enough support for parents.C、They impose the care of children on parents.D They emphasize parents/legal responsibilities.【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选B。观点态度题。根据题干中的large bodyof family laws定位到本段第3句。由本句 国家在大部分关乎孩子福利的家庭法案中意识到了这一点，但父母在面临社会强加给他们的无尽义务面前却几乎得不到任何帮助 可知，作者认为美国的家庭法案没有为父母提供足够的支助，故选B项。作者在此强调的重点是父母得到的支持较少，而不是将照顾孩子的责任强加给父母，故排除C项;A项“他们未能确保儿童的健康成长，D项 他们强调父母的法律责任，这两项文中都未提及。第25题【单选题】Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of theirresponses to the current crisis,working together and supporting oneanother through the early months of unemployment.Today/s economiccrisis could well generate a similar number of couples whoserelationships have been irreparably（无法弥补地）ruined.So it is onlywhen the economy is healthy again that well begin to see just how manybroken families have been created.What can be inferred from the lastparagraph?A、A stable family is the best protection against poverty.B、Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.C、Few couples can stand