2021年上海高三高考模拟英语试卷（进阶卷-优化模拟一）.pdf

2 0 2 1年上海高三高考模拟英语试卷(进阶卷-优化模拟一)-学生用卷一、语法填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)1、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟(进阶卷-优化模拟一)第2130题 10分(每题1分)Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However,social changes brought about by new technology often 1(mistake)for achange in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of theirchildren 2(admit)to college.According to asurvey,3(move)into college dormitories,children are still overly-protective.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was ageneration ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign 4 todays parents aretrying to manage their childrens lives past the stage 5 this behavior isappropriate.However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let goof their nadult children.In the context(背 景)of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in thecase of parents involvement with their grown children.6 parents of earliergenerations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have beenpossible?Probably not.On the other hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean thatthe urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago?Many studies show that older parents一todaysgrandparentswould have called their children 7(often)if the means and costof doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication betweenparents and their college children.The fact that college students can never be financiallyindependent 8 their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more moneyto be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in thepast.Thanks to the advanced technology,we 9 live in an age of betteredcommunication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parentsseem 10(play)nowadays in the lives of their children who have left fbrcollege.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not someimagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.二、选词填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)2、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟(进阶卷-优化模拟一)第3140题 10分(每题1分)A-active B.address C.applications D.solving E.availabilityF.mainly G.monitormg H.predictable I.initial J.currently K labThe agricultural sector is going to face enormous challenges in order to feed the 9.6 billion people that theFAO(Food and Agriculture Organization)predicts are going to inhabit the planet by 2050:Foodproduction must increase by 70%by 2050,and this has to be achieved in spite of thelimited 1 of arable(适合耕种的)lands,the increasing need for fresh water(agriculture consumes 70 percent of the worlds fresh water supply)and otherless 2 factors,such as the impact of climate change,which,according to arecent report by the UN could lead,among other things,to changes to seasonal events in the life cycle ofplants and animals.One way to 3 these issues and increase the quality and quantity ofagricultural production is using sensing technology to make farms more nintelligent,and more connectedthrough the so-called precision agriculture also known as smart farming.Precision agriculture is not new.In the beginning,it was about positiontechnologies 4,but it is becoming more complex moving towards all theaspects of agriculture.Its something thats already happening,as corporations and farm offices collect vast amounts ofinformation from crop yields,soil-mapping,fertilizer 5,weather data,machinery,and animal health.In a subset of smart farming,Precision Livestock Farming(PLF),sensorsare used for 6 and early detection of reproduction events and health disordersin animals.The European Union has sponsored several projects on the topic.The 7 running EU-PLF project,for instance,is designed to look at thefeasibility of bringing proven and cost-effective Precision Livestock Fanning tools fromthe 8 to the farm.Several private companies are also starting to be 9 in this field,such asAnemon(Switzerland),eCow(UK),Connected Cow(Medria Technologies and Deutsche Telekom)Smartfishing is at 10 stage with some projects in Europe,South Korea,NorthAmerica and Japan.三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）3、【来源】2021年上海高三高考 模 拟（进阶卷-优化模拟一）第 41-55题 15分（每 题 1分）Robert Frank,an economist at Cornell,believes that his profession is restricting cooperation andgenerosity.In the U.S.,economics professors give 1 money to charity thanprofessors in other fields.Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors torecommend an overpriced plumber when they are 2 to do it.Economicsmajors tend to rate 3 as generally good1,correct,and moral more thantheir peers.Does studying economics change people?Maybe not.It could be self-selection:students who alreadybelieve in self-interest are 4 to economics.But this doesnt exclude thepossibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme.By spending timewith like-minded people,economics students may become 5 that selfishness iswidespread and reasonableor at least that giving is rare and foolish.nAs a business school professor,these effects worry me,aseconomics,6 every aspect of our lives,is taught widely in business schools,providing a 7 for courses in management,finance,and accounting,saysFrank.If economies can 8 pro-social behavior,which is central to the well-beingof people or society,what should we do about it?A change in economics andbusiness 9 is suggested.Courses in behavioral economics,which considers therole of social preferences like 10,fairness and cooperation,are required forstudents of economics major.In fact,economics courses not involving some behavioral economics areconsidered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist.Also,H width,economics majors are required to take courses in socialsciences like sociology and psychology,which place considerable emphasis on how peopleare 12 about others,not only themselves.13,within economics courses,we should do a better job 4 the principle of sell-interest,which involves anything a person valuesincluding helping others.Until then we may be dooming students and society to a fate foreshadowed by Nobel Prize-winningeconomist and philosopher Amartya Sen.Calling economists rational fools1,Sen observed,HThe purelyeconomic man is indeed L5 to being a social moron（傻子）A.f e we rB.le ssC.sma lle rD.moreA.e nc oura g e d B.re que ste d C.a ssig ne d D.pa idA.te a mworkB.g re e d C.d e sire D.e c onomic sA.oppose d B.e ntitle d C.d ra wnD.a tta c he dA.c onvinc e d B.d e pre sse d C.re la xe d D.d oub tf ulA.d e pe nd ing onB.a d a pting toC.d if f e ring f romD.re la ting toA.pote ntia ls.jud g me ntC.f ound a tionD.re a sonA.a sse ssB.re se a rc hC.d isc oura g e D.c a useA.e d uc a tionB.sta nd a rd C.a pproa c hD.a pplic a tionA.c ompe titionB.e va lua tionC.c ommunityD.g e ne rosityA.in c a se of B.in te rms of C.in re la tion toD.in ne e d ofA.c onc e rne d B.a nxiousC.c uriousD.e nthusia sticA.Howe ve rB.The re f ore C.Furthe rmore D.Othe rwiseA.c la iming B.d e f ining C.ove r looking!）,re c a llingA.re sista ntB.f a milia rC.e a g e rD.c lose四、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，每小题2分，共22分）4、【来源】2021年上海高三高考模拟（A 篇）第 5659题 8 分（每题2 分）Before the 1870s,trained nurses were virtually unknown in the United States.Hospital nursing wasan unskilled occupation,taken up by women of the lower classes,some of whom were conscripted fromthe penitentiary or the almshouse.The movement for reform,originated not with doctors,but amongupper-class women,who had taken on the role of guardians of a new hygienic order.Though some doctorsapproved of the womens desire to establish a nurse training school,which would attract the daughters ofthe middle class,other medical men were opposed.Plainly threatened by the prospect,they objected thateducated nurses would not do as they were tolda remarkable comment on the status anxieties ofnineteenth-century physicians.But the women reformers did not depend on the physicians*approval.Whenresisted,as they were at Bellevue in efforts to install trained nurses on the maternity wards,they went overthe heads of the doctors to men of their own class of greater power and authority（Florence Nightingale,who had friends high in the English government,had followed exactly the same course in reforming hercountry*s military hospitals.）Professional nursing,in short,emerged neither from medical discoveries norfrom a program of hospital reform initiated by physicians,outsiders saw the need first.(1)According to the passage,the first advocates of nursing training in the United Stateswere .A.upper-class womenB.medical menC.military commandersD.professional nurses(2)The reason that some doctors objected to the establishment of nursing schools werethat .A.additional medical care from nurses was unnecessaryB.volunteer nurses from the upper-class were adequateC.educated nurses would undermine their authorityD.nursing was an art that could not be taught(3)Florence Nightingale is mentioned in the passage to show .A.she was a nurseB.she had friends high in the English governmentC.the nurses at Bellevue also wanted to reform their medical hospitalsD.the nurses at Bellevue followed the way she did when reforming her country，smilitary hospitals(4)According to the passage,which of the following statement is true?A.At first women have to give up the reform.B.All the doctors opposed the movement for reform.C.Nurses in the United States in 1850 were poor,untrained women.D.At Bellevue,those trained nurses were installed on different kinds of wards.5、【来源】2021年上海高三高考 模 拟(B 篇)第 6062题 6 分(每题2 分)Reading Your MindModern technology allows scientists to look inside a living human brain to see what is happening.These procedures are safe and painless.By understanding the normal brain activity,doctors and scientistsare better able to assess the brains behavior during times of injury,disease,and mental illness.CT or CAT scans:Computed tomography(CT)or computerized axial tomography(CAT)showsimages of the brain by passing multiple X-ray beams through the brain tissue.CT or CAT scans show across-section of the brain.These scans can be used to find brain tumors.MRI scans:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)uses powerful magnet to cause the atoms of the brainto shake.MRI sensors pick up the signals emitted(发 出)from the brains atoms and a computerinterprets them as a picture.MRIs show more detail than CT or CAT scans can.They are especially usefulin finding brain tumors that grow on the back of the brain,between the ears.PET scans:Positron emission tomography(PET)is different from other scans because it shows howthe brain functions.After a persons bloodstream is injected with a small dose of glucose(葡萄糖),which is what gives the brain energy,scanners around the head detect where the glucose moves.The PETscan shows which part of the brain use a lot of glucose,which are the more active parts.PET scans arehelpful for diagnosing strokes,studying mental illness,and learning how the brain processes language.(1)How can doctors and scientists understand the brains reaction to injury,disease,or mental illness?A.By c ontra sting/c ompa ring it with norma l b ra in a c tivitie s.B.By pa ssing the X-Ra y b e a ms throug h the b ra in tissue.C.By pic king up the sig na ls e mitte d f rom the b ra in s a toms.D.By b e ing inje c te d with g luc ose a nd d e te c ting whe re it move s.(2)Which two scans mentioned are helpful for diagnosing brain tumors?A.CT/CAT and PET.B.MRI a nd PET.C.CT/CAT a nd MRI.D.CT a nd CAT.（3）If a person suffers from defect in speaking,which scan will a doctor be most likely to suggest?A.CT/CAT.B.MRI.C.PET.D.Any one of the m.6、【来源】2021年上海高三高考 模 拟（C 篇）第 6366题 8 分（每题2 分）Plutowhich famously was degraded from a major planet1 in 2006-captured our imaginationbecause it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote of our solarsystem.Plutos underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so appealing.Clyde Tombaugh was aKansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaughs task was to search amongmillions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatorys founders thought existedbeyond the orbit of Neptune.After years efforts,Tombaugh finally found it.Pluto was the first planetdiscovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the darkness of the Great Depression.For decades,Pluto thrived in its role as the ninth major planet of our solar system,even though it wastiny compared to the others and so far away.However,62 years after its discovery,two astronomers discovered another planet-like object beyondthe orbit of Neptune.Six months later,they discovered a third object.It looked like Pluto might actually bea member of a sort of asteroid belt,similar to but way beyond one weve known about for a long timebetween the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.Another 14 years passed,dozens more objects beyond Neptune like Pluto had been discovered,so theInternational Astronomical Union elected to degrade the planet.It now shares its dwarf designation withthree of the 1,200 bodies that have been located beyond Neptune today,collectively known as KuiperBelt Objects1.The Kuiper Belt is populated by icy bodies that are remnant of the solar systems formation.These arethe building blocks of planets.We now also know the surface of Pluto contains ices composed of methane,nitrogen,and other compounds familiar to us.It also seems to have a bright polar cap,like on earth.Itsatmosphere is very thin,but ifs composed largely of nitrogen,like our own.So,as we finally get within 7,800 miles of Pluto today,we scientists are hoping we can finallyunderstand how the chaos at the beginning of the solar system,could have created objects so similar andyet so foreign as Earth and Pluto.Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.Its a reminderthat there are many worlds out there beyond our ownthat the sky isnt the limit at all.We dont knowwhat kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get out there to look.(1)Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in .A.1 93 0B.1 93 9C.1 992D.2 0 0 6(2)Now the official designation of Pluto is .A.Aste roid Be ltB.Kuipe r Be ltC.Ma jor Pla ne tD.Dwa rf Pla ne t(3)Pluto and Earth are to some extent similar for .A.b oth of the m a re popula te d b y ic y b od ie s tha t a re re mna nts of the sola r syste m sf orma tion 4.6 b illion ye a rs a g oB.the a tmosphe re of e ithe r of the m is ma inly ma d e up of nitrog e nC.the re a re ic e s throug hout the surf a c e of b othD.b oth of the m ha ve b rig ht pola r c a ps on the north pole a s we ll a s the south pole(4)Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The re a re nine ma jor pla ne ts in the sola r syste m.B.The re is a n a ste roid b e lt b e twe e n th