2021年11月北京遗传与发育生物学研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

【考研英语】2021年 11月北京遗传与发育生物学研究所研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Facing growing costs and shrinking tax,the government is nowthreatening to cut funding for environmental protection programs.A、budgetB、collectionC、profitD、revenue【正确答案】D【答案解析】revenue 收入，税收，尤指国家的岁入。根据题意，正确答案应为D。第2题【单选题】Unemployment seems to be the social problem in this areaand may undermine social stability.A、prevalentB、primitiveC、previousD premature【正确答案】A【答案解析】prevalent“普遍的，流行的。根据题意,正确答案应选A。第3题【单选题】Late one Sunday afternoon in September 1999,Oseola McCarty,anelderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame housewhere she had lived and worked most of her life.It may seem like anordinary end to a humble life,but there was something quite exceptionalabout this woman.In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout her life,to the Universityof Southern Mississippi in her hometown.The money was to help otherAfrican Americans through university.She had started her savings habitas a young child when she would return from school to clean and iron formoney which she would then save.This woman shocked and inspired theworld b e c a u s e.A、she had managed to save so much moneyB、she gave her money to African AmericansC、she gave her life savings to help others through universityD she only spent money on cheap things【正确答案】C【答案解析】0nly是绝对词，在选项D 中出现，根据经验排除 D；对照原文第一自然段最后一句话there was somethingquite exceptional about this woman 说她有些特别的地方，接着第二自然段就讲 In the summer of 1995,McCarty gave$150,000,most of the money she had saved throughout herlife,to the University of Southern Mississippi in her hometown.她把大部分积攒的钱捐献给了家乡的大学，A 和 B 表达都不全面，答案是C。第4题【单选题】It is amusing that she her father/s bad temper as well as hermother/s good looks.A、inheritedB、retainedC、preservedD、maintained【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题的B、C 和 D 选项虽然意思有些相近，但从题句意来看只有A 符合题意。inherit“经遗传而得（性格、特征等）第5题【单选题】I couldnt have got to the meeting on time an earlier train.A、if I had not caughtB、unless I had caughtC、if I did not catchD unless I caught【正确答案】B【答案解析】if.not和unless有时可以互相替换，但也有不能互相替换的时候。unless用于这样的句子，即 如果A不受阻于 B,A 将发生，He will accept the job if the salary isnot too low/unless the salary is too low.第6题【单选题】We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and servicesthat we export,the investment that we attract and we make abroad.A、我们对投资和引资的依靠超过了世界上商品和服务的出口。B、我们对商品和服务出口的依靠超过了世界上其他的对投资和引资的经济体。C、我们对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依靠没有超过了世界上其他主要经济体。D、我们对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依靠超过了世界上其他主要经济体。【正确答案】D【答案解析】注意从结构上理解本句。句子主干为：We relyon.；o n后面跟两个平行的介词宾语the goods and services和the investment,分别有两个限制性定语从句修饰。注意这里两个限制性定语从句的翻译，把从句译都成了词组：商品和服务出口和“投资和引资”。第7题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。nothing but表示“只的意思。第8题【单选题】We have to modify our plan a little bit.A、reduceB、sufferC、adjustD、utilize【正确答案】C【答案解析】modify 修改，修饰；更改;adjust调整，使适合。第9题【单选题】People suspected that“Lucky”,as he was called by friends,wanted to killhis wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan entered his oldhouse and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.His estranged wifeheard noises,came downstairs and was also attacked,but managed toescape.Seven months after the murder,a jury concluded that Lucan hadkilled the nanny.lt is thought that Lucan killed the nanny b e c a u s e.A、she was looking after the childrenB、she was a friend of LucansC、it was dark and he thought she was Lady LucanD、Loa rd Lucan thought the nanny stole his car【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选 C o 因果关系题。对 照 本 段 Peoplesuspected thatLucky,as he was called by friends,wanted tokill his wife he no longer lived with.They say that Lucan enteredhis old house and in the dark,killed the nanny by mistake.本来是要杀他的妻子，可是因为天太黑，所以错杀了保姆。第10题【单选题】Hes unlucky,and hes always suffering luck one after another.A、a sickB、an illC、sickD、ill【正确答案】D【答案解析】英语中的名词有可数与不可数之分，luck是不可数名词，用来修饰贬义的luck形容词有bad,poor或ill,这时川的词义是：不好的。第11题【单选题】For the purpose of this Convention any Contracting State may,bydomestic legislation,assimilate to its own nationals any persondomiciled in that State.A、就本公约而言，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将经常居住于该国的任何人按本国国民对待。B、为了本公约的目的，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将经常居住那个国家的任何人按本国国民对待。C、为实施本公约，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将经常居住于该国的任何人按本国国民对待。D、为了本公约的目的，任何成员国均可按照国内立法，将经常居住那个国家的任何人当作本国国民。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本题考查的知识点为法律文书的特点。for the purpose of.是法律条文里常用的一个短语，意思相当于“就 而言，在此处翻译为“为实施本公约 。第12题【单选题】Don/t your health.A、recommendB、enterC、slipD、neglect【正确答案】D【答案解析】neglect疏忽，忽视；忽略。第13题【单选题】Used to TV shows,many people do not have the to read a bookthat requires thinking.A、courageB、wisdomC、patienceD、freedom【正确答案】C【答案解析】考查名词。have the patience to do something表示有耐心做某事。第14题【单选题】The heat was so from the fire that the firemen could not enterthe building.A、intenseB、tenseC、intensiveD、violent【正确答案】A【答案解析】intense强烈的/挚热的。tense紧张的。intensive深入的/细致的。violent暴力的。第15题【单选题】It is amusing that she her fathers bad temper as well as hermothers good looks.A、inheritedB、retainedC、preservedD、maintained【正确答案】A【答案解析】本题的B、C和D选项虽然意思有些相近，但从题句意来看只有A符合题意。inherit经遗传而得(性格、特征等)。第16题【单选题】Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paidleave from work to care for a newborn child.Last spring one of the two,Australia,gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid familyleave starting in 2011.I wasn/t surprised when this didnt make the newshere in the United Stateswe/re now the only wealthy country withoutsuch a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy,theFamily and Medical Leave Act,passed in 1993.It entitles workers to asmuch as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with afamily medical problem.Despite the modesty of the benefit,theChamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly,describing it as government run personnel management”and a“dangerous precedent/In fact,every step of the way,as(usually)Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balancemeasures into the law,business groups have been stronglyopposed.What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws inthe United States?A、The lack of a precedent in American history.B、The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.C、The opposition from business circles.D、The incompetence of the Democrats.【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C o 事实细节题。根据题干定位到第2段末句。本句中提到，尽管民主党领导人努力将工作与家庭的平衡措施提上立法日程，但那些商业组织还是一直都强烈反对。C 项中的opposition与文中的strongly opposed相对,business circles与文中的business groups相对应，故正确答案为 C 项。文中说 家庭与医疗休假法在 1993年时通过，故排除A 项“在美国历史上没有先例；B 项 现有的 家庭与医疗休假法 ，并非主要原因；文中提到民主党领导人支持工作与家庭的平衡措施的实施，只是遭到了来自商业团体的反对，故排除D 项“民主党的无能。第17题【单选题】The group does not advocate the use of violence.A、supportB、matterC、suitD reach【正确答案】A【答案解析】advocate提倡，主张，拥护；support支持，支撑，支援。第18题【单选题】What do you think of the manager of your company?Oh,he ismanager who/s pleasant to work with.Its pleasure towork with him.A、the,aB、a,aC、a,theD、不填,a【正确答案】B【答案解析】前半句表示“他是那种很好共事的人，两空均用不定冠词。第19题【单选题】As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues,justifying parental supportdepends on defining the family as a social good that,in some sense,society must pay for.In her book No Exit:What Parents Owe TheirChildren and What Society Owes Parents,she argues that parents areburdened in many ways in their lives:there is“no exit“when it comes tochildren.Society expectsand needsparents to provide their childrenwith continuity of care,meaning the intensive,intimate care that humanbeings need to develop their intellectual,emotional,and moralcapabilities.And society expectsand needsparents to persist in theirrole for 18 years,or longer if needed/What is Professor Anne AI stottsargument for parental support?A、Good parenting benefits society.B、The cost of raising children in the US has been growing.C、The US should keep up with other developed countries.D Children need continuous care.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o推理判断题。本段提到，社会也需要家长们对他们的孩子付出关爱，因为良好的父母教养能造福于社会，应选A项。B项“抚养孩子的成本在美国已越来越大”,C项 美国应该赶上其他发达国家，这两项在文中均未提及；D项 儿童需要持续的照顾，是对文中的parents toprovide their children with continuity of care 设置的干扰项。第20题【单选题】This cloth won/t shrink when its washed.A、benefitB、smallerC、vagueD convince【正确答案】B【答案解析】shrink收缩；畏缩；sm a lle r较小，更小的。第21题【单选题】Not only interested in football but beginning toshow an interest in it.A、the teacher himself is;all his students areB、the teacher himself;are all his studentsC、is the teacher himself;are all his studentsD、is the teacher himself;all his students are【正确答案】D【答案解析】not only.but also引导并列分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装语序形式，后一分句用陈述语序。第22题【单选题】On the wall two large portraits.A、hangsB、hangC、hangedD、hanging【正确答案】B【答案解析】地点状语提前，谓语是be,hang,stand,sit,lie等动词的句子里,主谓要倒装。第23题【单选题】The furniture is the modern style of the house.A、consistent withB、coping withC、dealing withD sticking with【正确答案】A【答案解析】be consistent with：与一致。答案选A。第24题【单选题】“People disappear in that river every year/one of the policemen said tome that afternoon,half in dismay,half in frustration.A、年年都有人消失在这条河里，当天下午警察中的一个人半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。B、这条河里年年都要死人，”当天下午一个警察半是沮丧，半是失意地对我说。C、这条河里年年都有人消失，当天下午警察中的一个以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。D、“这条河里年年都要死人，当天下午一个警察以一种无可奈何的神气沮丧地对我说。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答案选D o 本题考查的知识点为成语。英语和汉语都有许多成语。汉语的成语大多由四个字组成。英译汉时，适当地使用成语，译文显得简洁、生动，可以增加文采。第25题【单选题】Any principle is preferable to none.A、秘密的B、首要的C、初步的D、更好的【正确答案】D【答案解析】preferable a d j.更好的，更可取的;更合意的。第26题【单选题】There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】drilling for o il表示 钻探石油;a lot of luck本意表示的是“运气，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性。第27题【单选题】In the last 500 years,nothing about people-not their clothes,ideas,orlanguages has changed as much as what they eat.The original chocolatedrink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree（可可树）by SouthAmerican Indians.The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the worldduring the 1500/s.And although it was very expensive,it quickly becamefashionable.In London,shops where chocolate drinks were servedbecame important meeting places.Some still exist today,Some in thelast sentence of the paragraph refers to.A、some cocoa treesB、some chocolate drinksC、some shops.D、some South American Indians【正确答案】C【答案解析】这类题的答案一般在前一句中寻找。通常指前一句中提到的内容。这里的som e指代的是前一句中的shopso第28题【单选题】We rely more than any other major economy on the goods and servicesthat we export,the investment that we attract and we make abroad.A、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。B、英国比世界上其他主要经济更依赖商品和服务出口的投资、引资。C、英国对出口的商品和服务以及对投资和引资的依赖比世界上其他主要经济更甚。D、英国对商品和服务出口以及对投资和引资的依赖超过了世界上任何其他经济大国。【正确答案】D【答案解析】答 案 选D o本题主要考查经济的专业术语。原文中的economy指经济大国，是近几年才出现的一种用法。第29题【单选题】Shall I wait here for three hoursYes.Three hours to waitfor such a doctor.A、are not very long for youB、is not long enough for youC、was not long enough for youD will be too long for you【正确答案】B【答案解析】Three hours是作为一个整体来看待的，所以谓语动词用单数形式。第30题【单选题】There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil.A、以钻探的方法找石油有很大的偶然性。B、以钻探的方法找石油全靠运气了。C、钻探石油有很大的偶然性。D、钻探石油是很幸运的事。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答案选C。drilling for o il表示 钻探石油;a lotof luck本意表示的是“运气，在本句中可以翻译为“偶然性。第31题【单选题】Its impossible to detach oneself from reality.A、scatterB、separateC、reformD、prescribe【正确答案】B【答案解析】detach分离；派遣；使超然；separate分开;隔开；分居。第32题【单选题】I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strongimpersonal interests involving appropriate activities.A、我认为一个满意的老年生活是容易对个人以外的事情怀有强烈兴趣并参加适当的活动。B、我认为，如果老年人对于个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣，并参加适当的运动，他们的晚年是最容易过得好的。C、我认为一个成功的晚年很容易，他们对个人以外的事情怀有强烈兴趣并参加适当的活动。D、我认为，如果老年人对于个人以外的事情怀有强烈的兴趣，并参加适当的运动，他的晚年很成功。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答 案 选 B o 本题考查的知识点为评论与表态。需要对某事发表评论或表明态度时，英语的语序和汉语不同。英语是先评论，或先表态，然后再说有关的事情或情况。汉语则相反，评论或表态性的话往往是放在句子的后面。第33题【单选题】The decline in moral standards,which has long concerned social analysts,has at last the attention of average Americans.A、clarifiedB、cultivatedC、characterizedD、ca ptu red【正确答案】D【答案解析】本题的四个选项意思各不相同，但能与题句空格 后 的 名 词 attention搭 配 并 符 合 题 意 的 只 有 一 个。capture 捕获，吸 引（注意力）。根据题意，正确答案应选Do第34题【单选题】The garden has four gates in different directions,so you may enter itand relax through of them in the daytime.Very convenient.A、noneB、eitherC、allD、any【正确答案】D【答案解析】三者或三者以上任何一个用any。第35题【单选题】The teacher insisted that we all back by two oclock.A、beB、to beC、would beD、shall be【正确答案】A【答案解析】insist在这句话中表示坚持某种意见，所以从句需要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略。第36题【单选题】Both Tom and his brother take after their father not only in appearancebut also in character.A、resembleB、assimilateC、followD、reflect【正确答案】A【答案解析】take after与 相像。resemble像，相似。参考译文：汤姆和他兄弟不仅长相像他们父亲，性格也相似。第37题【单选题】The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowlsin all directions before he was sent by his wife.A、flying;to sleepB、flying;sleepingC、to fly;to sleepingD、to fly;to sleep【正确答案】A【答案解析】send sb.sth.doing意为 使 快速移动;sendsb.to sleep意为 使某人入睡，其中t o 为介词,sleep为名词。第38题【单选题】I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with thef a r m e r s,h a s a great effect on my life.A、when;whoB、that;whichC、which;thatD、when;which【正确答案】D【答案解析】years是表示时间的名词，用 when引导定语从句，是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.第39题【单选题】me to give you some advice.A、PurchaseB、EssenceC、PermitD、Bound【正确答案】C【答案解析】Permit许可；允许。第40题阅读理解Ironically,a study finds that were awful gift-givers precisely because wespend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine ourfriends_ 1 _ a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental.Weimagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and thewarmth we feel_ 2 _.But theres something that the mostsentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about:_ 3 _ the gift ispractical in the first place._ 4 _?practicality seems like an enemy ofgreat gift giving.Beautiful jewelry,lovely watches,perfect rugs,finelycrafted kitchen hardware:These things_ 5 _ great gifts because theycommunicate something beyond practicality.They communicate that thegiver cares.But do the receivers care?Often,no.Gift receivers wouldbe_ 6 _ if givers gave them exactly what theyrequested_ 7 _ attempting to be thoughtful and considerate by buyinggifts they did not explicitly request“to surprise them,the researcherswrite.Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to_ 8 _ gifts from twoperspectives:desirability(e.g.the cost of a coffee maker)and feasibility(e.g.the_ 9 _ of the coffee maker).Across several experiments,they findthat givers consistently give gifts based on desirability andreceivers_ 1 0 _ favor gifts based on feasibility.A、to openB、openingC、have openedD、opened【正确答案】B【答案解析】表示，想象某人打开礼物，因此选B。A、in personB、in turnC、in placeD in return【正确答案】D【答案解析】表示“作为回报，因此选D。A、WhetherB、WhenC、WhyD How【正确答案】A【答案解析】表示“是否，因此选A。A、To be sureB、To sum upC、In many waysD、In many cases【正确答案】C【答案解析】表示“从很多方面来讲，因此选C。A、work outB、lead toC、make forD、take up【正确答案】C【答案解析】表示“导致，产生，因此选C。A、happierB more surprisedC happyD、surprised【正确答案】A【答案解析】表示“更开心，因此选A。A、regardless ofB、rather thanC、as toD but for【正确答案】B【答案解析】表示 而不是，因此选B。A、decideB、classifyC、selectD、measure【正确答案】B【答案解析】表示分类，因此选B。A、lookB、qualityC、neverthelessD、ease【正确答案】B【答案解析】表示“品质，因此选B。A、unexpectedlyB、whereasC、neverthelessD、continuously【正确答案】B【答案解析】表示对比关系，因此选B。第41题【单选题】Shortly after the accident,two police were sent to the spot tokeep order.A、dozens ofB、dozensC、dozen ofD、dozen【正确答案】D【答案解析】英语中一些表示数字的名词的前面如果用了数词，这些名词必须是单数形式，如 dozen（一打），score（二十）和 head（头）等。但是如果这些名词用来指某些可数名词时,这些名词呈复数形式，其后应加上介词of。第42题【单选题】Our neighbor Uncle Johnson is a stubborn man.Needless to say,we triedto make him change his mind.A、in sh