2021年6月陕西延安大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）.pdf

【考研英语】2021年6月陕西延安大学研究生招生考试英语练习题100道（附答案解析）第1题【单选题】Anders Ericsson,a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida StateUniversity,says he believes strongly in“none of the above/Ericssongrew up in Sweden,and studied nuclear engineering until he realized hewould have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switchedto psychology.His first experiment nearly 30 years ago,involved memory:training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subject,after about 20 hours of training his digit span hadrisen from 7 to 20/Ericsson recalls./zHe kept improving,and after about200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers?/This successcoupled with later research showing that memory itself is not geneticallydetermined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is moreof a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other words,whateverinborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorizethose differences are swamped by how well each person“encodes”theinformation.And the best way to learn how to encode informationmeaningfully,Ericsson determined,was a process known as deliberatepractice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rather,it involves setting specific goals,obtaining immediate feedbackand concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.According toEricsson good me mo r y.A、depends on meaningful processing of informationB、results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercisesC、is determined by genetic rather than psychological factorsD requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o 段落主旨题。考查考生对第1 段和第 2 段的理解。第 1段中讲Anders Ericsson所做的试验，第2 段主要是阐述他根据试验以及后来的一些研究所得出的结论：This success coupled with later research showing thatmemory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson toconclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitiveexercise than an intuitive one.,表达了埃里克森的观点：记忆行为是一个认知的过程，无论人们与生俱来的记忆能力有什么差别，这些差别会被每个人 破解信息的能力所淹没。由此可以看出：好记性在于有效的处理信息，因此选项A 正确。选项B 和 C 恰好与文章第1 段第一句话的内容相反。而D 从表述上分析“即时反馈、“高度关注无从选起，并且过于绝对化。第2题【单选题】Is that how you me for my help?A、dismissB、permitC、restoreD、reward【正确答案】D【答案解析】rew ard奖励；奖赏。第3题【单选题】It made the teacher angry I was late again.A、whenB、whichC、becauseD、that【正确答案】D【答案解析】it在句子中作形式主语，从句置于谓语动词之后，用that来引导。第4题【单选题】In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks thisweek,let us recognize at the outset these points.A、本着我希望将成为本周我们会谈的特色的坦率精神，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。B、我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的。本着这种坦率的精神,让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。C、本着坦率的精神，我希望我们这个星期的会谈将是坦率的，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。D、本着坦率的精神，我希望本周我们的会谈具有特色，让我们在一开始就认识到这样几点。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选 Bo which I hope will characterize our talksthis week限制性定语从句，修饰frankness。I hope是定语从句中的插入语。In the spirit of：本着 的精神。at the outset：在开始的时候。第5题【单选题】In his victory speech before a huge crowd of his supporters,Obama declared that“change has come to America.A、having deliveredB、to be deliveredC、deliveringD、delivered【正确答案】D【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：奥巴马在一大群支持者面前进行成功演讲时宣布 美国已经发生改变。此处是过去分词作后置定语。第6题【单选题】I find it astonishing that John be so rude to me.Notastonishing at all.He is always rude to others.A、shouldB、mustC、mightD、ought to【正确答案】A【答案解析】should表示说话人吃惊的语气。意思是“竟然,居然第7题【单选题】Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related tothem.A、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，甚至和昆虫一点关系都没有。B、蜘蛛并不像许多人认为的那样是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。C、正如许多人认为的那样，蜘蛛就是昆虫，和昆虫密不可分。D、蜘蛛正像许多人认为的那样不是昆虫，它和昆虫一点关系都没有。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo本题需要注意as many people think,表示的是“许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫；此 外nor在此处表示的是否定，即“它和昆虫一点关系都没有。第8题【单选题】Facing growing costs and shrinking tax,the government is nowthreatening to cut funding for environmental protection programs.A、budgetB、collectionC、profitD、revenue【正确答案】D【答案解析】revenue 收入，税收，尤指国家的岁入。根据题意，正确答案应为D。第9题【单选题】How do we fix this problem?lt starts with reforming the physicianreimbursement system,remove the pressure for primary carephysicians to squeeze in more patients per hour,and reward them foroptimally（最 佳 地）managing their diseases and practicingevidence-based medicine.Make primfary care more attractive tomedical students by forgiving student loans for those who chooseprimary care as a career and reconciling the marked differencebetween specialist and primary care physician salaries.What suggestiondoes the author give in order to provide better health care?A、Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary carephysicians.B、Extend prim ary care to patients with chronic diseases.C、Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D、Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as theirmajor.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao事实细节题。由题干中的suggestion和provide better health care定位于第2段。文章第2段介绍的是改善基础医疗目前状况的建议：应该从改革医生的费用返还制度开始，避免基础护理医生竭力增加每小时诊治患者的数量，减少他们的压力，奖励那些能够提出最佳治疗方案和开具循证药物的医生。通过免除那些选择基础护理工作作为未来职业的学生们的助学贷款，使基础护理工作吸引更多医学院的学生，同时调和专科医生和基础护理医生之间工资存在的巨大差异，由此可得出答案为A项。第 10题【单选题】Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.A、这个计划没有一点用。B、这个计划只能招致灾祸。C、这个计划一点害处也没有。D、这个计划是要战胜一切灾害。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。nothing but表示“只”的意思。第 11题【单选题】We have a agreement with her.A、uniformB、versionC、verbalD、utmost【正确答案】C【答案解析】verbal 口头的；言语的；动词的；照字面的。第 12题【单选题】I agree with most of what you said,but I dont agree wi t h.A、everythingB、anythingC、somethingD、nothing【正确答案】A【答案解析】答 案 选A o此题容易误选B,生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句或疑问句。其实此题应选A,注意前文的I agree with most ofwhat you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其 后 的n o t与everything构成部分否定，意为 不是所有的都同意，前后两部分用转折连词but连接，语气通顺、连贯。第13题【单选题】When I graduated from high school,my family had a business so I neverthought about getting a college degree.I went straight from my highschool graduation to work for my father.After 24 years of ups and downs(mostly downs),1 decided that I wanted to return to school and earn adegree in Business Administration.Why didn/t the author go on witheducation after graduating from high school?A、To help her father with business.B、To escape from school life.C、To experience social life early.D To achieve her dream.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。事实细节题。该题目主要考查考生对文章主人公相关细节的了解。根据题干内容，此细节定位于文章本段讲述自己高中毕业后经历的部分。文中讲到“当我高中毕业时，爸爸正在做生意。所以我压根没有考虑过继续获得大学学位的事情，毕业后直接转向为爸爸工作。可判断A选项与原文句意一致。第 14题【单选题】What is that room?we hold the meetings.A、The room isB、The room is the placeC、That/s the room whichD、Thats where【正确答案】D【答案解析】此句是b e动词后由w h ere引导的表语从句。第 15题【单选题】My little house cant compare his villa（别墅）.A、asB、fromC、withD、by【正确答案】C【答案解析】compare with：与.相比/匹敌。句意：我的小房子是无法和他的别墅相比的。答案选C第 16题【单选题】A pretext was the last thing that Hastings was likely to want.A、最后，哈丁斯好像需要一个借口。B、哈丁斯可能不需要任何借口。C、最后，哈丁斯可能想要的那个东西就是借口。D、借口好像是哈丁斯想要的最后的东西。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。that Hastings was likely to want是一个that引导的定语从句，是对the last thing的修饰。而且在本题中特别需要注意的是不能直接根据句子翻译为：最后需要的东西，句子表达的是一种否定的含义，最后才需要的也就是说他可能不需要任何借口。因此本题答案为B。第 17题【单选题】And yet although the Mayas knew about the wheel,they never used it.Neither did they use metals other than copper.What is ever moresurprising is that they suddenly abandoned（抛弃）many of the cities andbuilt new ones in the jungle.Some time around AD900,Mayancivilization collapsed.By the year 1200,their last great capital,ChichenItza，was deserted.One of the most surprising findings about Mayas wast hat.A、they developed accurate system measuring time.B、they knew how to build pyramids with stones.C、they deserted their cities and moved to new ones.D、they built cities which they never lived in.【正确答案】C【答案解析】对应点为What is ever more surprising is thatthey suddenly abandoned many of the cities and built new onesin the jungle.是对原文语意进行了转化，最高级代替了比较级。第18题【单选题】We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quitean effort for our mind to break free of all the ideas that we take forgranted.Because we can feel that things are heavy,we think of weightas being a fixed quality in an object,but it is not really fixed at all.If youcould take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.How much would four poundsof tea weigh if it was taken 4,000 miles out from the surface of theearth?A、1 pound.B、2 pounds.C、3 pounds.D、4 pounds.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题问的是一磅茶如果被带出离地球表面4000英里的地方，重量会是多少？4000这个数字比较关键，因为在本段最后一句中出现了这个词，一看该句Ifyou could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles outfrom the earth,it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.只是把名词换了一下，很显然答案就是变成原来重量的四分之一,因此正确答案是A。第19题【单选题】Take a t a x i,y o u/ll miss your train.A、andB ifC、otherwiseD、or【正确答案】C【答案解析】祈使句可用来取代if从句来表示评论、提出要求、发出忠告或威胁等。用祈使句比用if从句表达更强的紧迫性。在表示评论和要求时，其连词用a n d,表示忠告时用连词otherwise,表示威胁时，用连词or。第20题【单选题】The car honked at me until I fastened my seat belt.A、汽车向我发出嘟嘟的声音，直到我系上了安全带。B、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我系上安全带就不响了。C、汽车在我系上安全带之前发出嘟嘟的声音。D、汽车发出嘟嘟的声音，我才系上了安全带。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bountil在否定句中表示的意思是 直到才；在肯定句中等于before；本句的意思是：汽车一直嘟嘟地响，直到我系上安全带才停下来。翻译的时候要体现连词until表示的意思，所以比较恰当的用法应该是B项。A 项虽然有“直到的意思，但是表达方式不符合汉语习惯，意思模糊不清。第21题【单选题】They were,by and large,a very wealthy,privileged elite.A、元素B、住所C、精英D、裁定【正确答案】C【答案解析】elite n.精 英;精 华；中坚分子。第22题【单选题】This train will terminate at Sheffield.A、endB、sympathyC、campaignD、attribute【正确答案】A【答案解析】terminate使终止；使结束；解雇；e n d结束，终止；终结。第23题【单选题】On behalf of all of your American guests,I wish to thank you for theincomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famousthroughout the world.A、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们的无可比拟的盛情款待表示感谢。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。B、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的闻名世界的无可比拟的盛情款待。C、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界。D、我谨代表你们所有的美国客人感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名世界，果然名不虚传。【正确答案】C【答案解析】答 案 选C o本题考查的知识点为句子结构。这一句较长，先说 向你们表示感谢，停顿一下，再说 感谢你们的 ，而不直接说“感谢你们的 。第24题【单选题】What might for this strange phenomenon?A、fairB、extremeC、equalD、account【正确答案】D【答案解析】account解释。第25题【单选题】We welcome rain,but a(a n)l a r g e amount of rainfall will causefloods.A、extensivelyB、extremelyC、speciallyD、constantly【正确答案】B【答案解析】extensively广泛的/渊博的。extremely极度的。specially特别的/与众不同的。constantly反复的/恒定的。第26题【单选题】My headache me.I thought it was going away,but now it isgetting even worse.A、is killingB、killsC、killedD、has killed【正确答案】A【答案解析】考查时态的用法。由后半部分：我以为不头疼了，但现在正变得更糟。可知前面应该用现在进行时，表示正头疼厉害。第27题【单选题】The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax ofsuffering on the farmers on longer occur.Egyptian agriculture has beentransformed,and industry is benefiting from power generated by thedam.A、过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。B、过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是现在埃及的农业得到改造，工业也用上了水坝发的电。C、过去不断给农民带来灾难的旱涝两灾，现在不再发生了。埃及的农业得到了改良，水坝发的电也用在了工业上。D、过去不断给农民带来灾难的不但有旱涝两灾，还有税收。但是埃及的农业得到了改良，工业也给水坝发电带来了很大的好处。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。句子中tax of suffering属于比喻，把suffering比作是强加在人们身上的tax,而并非真正的征收税收。根据这一点可以排除B 和 D 项，同时根据句子中的and可以得知前后应该是并列的，也就是说agriculture和 industry是并列的，同时翻译的时候也应该是并列的，这样不但符合句法也让句子结构更合理。第28题【单选题】Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business.He had a beautiful home and wonderful family,but realized his fatherwas very old,and thought perhaps he should go to him.He had not seenhim since that graduation day.Before he could make arrangements tosee his father,he received a telegram telling him his father had passedaway,and willed all of his possessions to his son.He needed to comehome immediately and take care things.When he arrived at his fathershouse,sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.When the young manarrived home,he fel t.A、sadB、disappointedC、horribleD、nervous【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A o事实细节题。年轻人回到家里，出现了两个关键词sadness和regret,可以判断年轻人的心情是非常伤心的。故选A。第29题【单选题】The numbers didn/t really add up,so the accountant went back overthem.A、加起来的总数不对，所以会计师又重新计算了一遍。B、数额没有累计起来，所以会计师又重新计算了一遍。C、加起来的总数不对，所以会计师又拿回去了。D、数额没有累计起来，所以会计师又把它们拿回去了。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答 案 选A o本题主要考查英语短语的理解。一个词往往有许多意思，在不同的场合意思不同。went back在这里应译作“重新计算。第30题【单选题】It has taken him a long time to the fact that he won/t be able togo to college.A、receiveB、deceiveC、come to terms withD catch up with【正确答案】C【答案解析】句意：他花了很长时间才接受了他不能去上大学这个事实。to come to terms(with)妥协、，甘心忍受。这里表示的是“对这个事实达成妥协，即 接受。注意：本题不能 选A,receive只表示“收到，但“接受不接受“还不一定,且不含“不情愿地接受之意。第31题【单选题】The black robin is one of the worlds rarest birds.It is a small,wild bird,and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere,off the coast of NewZealand.In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there;in 1977 therewere fewer than ten.A、These are the only black robins left in the world.B、Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C、Both represent orders in the classification of life.D Detailed studies are going on,and a public appeal for money hasbeen made.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。前文说的是The black robin（旅鹑）的现存数量和活动地点。选 项A说的是这里成为有The blackrobin的唯一的地方。所以，选 项A是合适的选项。第32题【单选题】The western media was astonished to see that China/s GDP byalmost 40%just in two years/time.A、flourishedB、floatedC、soaredD、roared【正确答案】C【答案解析】soar高涨，猛增。根据题意，正确答案应选C。第33题【单选题】“If anybody,please put down name/said theteacher to the monitor.A、wants to buy the bookhisB、want to buy the booktheirC、will buy the bookonesD、wants to have the book boughther【正确答案】A【答案解析】代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，谓语需用单数。所以要用wants。his与anybody搭配。第34题【单选题】leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A、AnyoneB、The personC、WhoeverD、Who【正确答案】C【答案解析】whoever的意思为“任何人，无论谁，相当于the person who 或 anyone who。第35题【单选题】Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burnA、thatB、C、whichD、it【正确答案】A【答案解析】先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that,而不用which.第36题【单选题】I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with thef a r m e r s,h a s a great effect on my life.A、when；whoB、that；whichC、which；thatD、when；which【正确答案】D【答案解析】years是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句。第37题【单选题】The pair of legs that carried him rickety,and there was a bias in his gaitwhich inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line.A、支着他的两条腿老是摇摇晃晃的，他走路的姿势里，又总有一种倾斜的趋势，使他或多或少地往一条直线的左边歪。B、他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路的步法又总是倾斜着，使他有点歪向一条直线的左边。C、支着他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路时又总是倾斜，使他有点往一条直线的左边歪。D、支撑着他的两条腿摇摇晃晃的，他走路时又总是倾斜，使他有点歪向一条直线的左边。【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。本题考查的知识点为选词。文学作品语言生动，其中选词是一个重要方面。动 词carry有许多含义。此处译文具体化，译作“支着第38题【单选题】Economic factors aside,the imbalanced distribution of educationalresources also affects fairness of education.A、unjustB、impartialC、unevenD improper【正确答案】C【答案解析】imbalanced不平衡的,不均衡的。uneven不均衡的。参考译文：除经济因素外，教育资源分配不均同样影响到了教育的公平性。第39题【单选题】Tom,a near-sighted young man,went on a blind date with a girl.The twowere satisfied with each other.And they exchanged their telephonenumbers.What can we learn about Tom?A、Tom made a good impression on the girl at first.B、It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.C、Tom was blind.D、Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao细节判断题。从The two were satisfiedwith each other可知,相亲过后,两人对对方都很满意，所以A选项正确，汤姆第一次见对方就留下了很好的印象。B项所表述内容在文中找不到根据，不能判断这是汤姆第几次约会。根据文章描述，汤姆只是near-sighted,远不到盲了的地步。文章仅讲述了汤姆和某一个女孩相亲的精力，对他的个人魅力以及是否受女孩欢迎并未提及。第40题【单选题】A powerful indictment of Americas disregard of ecology,Silent Springwas aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides,especiallyDDT.A、一个对美国忽视生态的有力控诉，沉默的春天主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。B、沉默的春天有力地控诉了美国忽视生态，它主要是针对大规模使用农药一一特别是滴滴涕。C、有力地控诉了美国对生态的忽视，沉默的春天主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕。D、沉默的春天 对美国忽视生态，主要是针对大规模使用农药，特别是滴滴涕的使用，进行了有力的控诉。【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。本句的主语是Silent Spring,注意Apowerful indictment of”的翻译。第41题【单选题】Cohen doesnt worry much about students using their courses for evilA、thinksB、advicesC、suggestionsD、purposes【正确答案】D【答案解析】Cohen并没有对学生利用该课程实施恶意行为有太多担心。Think：想，认为；advice：建议；suggestion：建议；purpose：目的，意图。第42题【单选题】Scarcely less