专题03 关系代词引导的定语从句-高一英语语法透析与专练（译林版2020）.docx
专题03 关系代词引导的定语从句-牛津译林版（2020）英语高一语法透析与专练一 、定语从句的先行词和关系词在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句由关系词引导。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，主句的内容就不完整或失去意义；它和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系词指代先行词，在从句中作一定的句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose，as等。观察一下这些句子，找出他们的关系词是哪些？1Do you know the man that/who is waiting outside.2He showed me the photos (that/which) he took on his trip to Xi'an.3Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen.4I like the way (that/in which) she smiles.5The trees that/which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.6Then another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.7The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.8Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.1)、定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分，从构成上而言，它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等；从句子成分上而言，它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。下面，我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布：请找出下列定语从句中的先行词：Is this the book which your father bought for you？the bookWho is the man that is speaking to your mother？the manThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. the manSome people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. some people2）、关系代词的用法1that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或状语时常可省略。This is the book.I want to read it.This is the book (that)I want to read.这就是我想读的那本书。(that指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语)使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什么成分：This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in(that在定语从句中作宾语)Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy.Jack is no longer a lazy boy that he used to be(that在定语从句中作表语)The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom.The boy that is studying in the classroom is Tom.(that在定语从句中作主语)I don't like the way.He looks at me in the way.I don't like the way that he looks at me(that在定语从句中作状语)2which的用法which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与that互换使用。The houses overlook the lake.They cost more.The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more.俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。(which/that指代the houses，在定语从句中充当主语)单句语法填空Maybe you have a habit that/which is driving your family crazy.Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from the outside world.3who的用法who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball.The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming.正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当主语)通常只能用who的情况：先行词是指_人_的不定代词one, ones, nobody, everyone或anyone时。先行词是_those_时。在非限制性定语从句中修饰人且做主语时。写出下列句子中who作什么成分Dickson is an able worker who we all value highly. 宾语The boy who is standing there is my cousin. 主语4whom的用法whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。This is the girl.I met the girl in the street.This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语)翻译句子大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。Jack is no longer the person(that/who/whom)I met five years ago.5whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom the；指物时，相当于of which the。I have read the book.I like its characters very much.I have read the book whose/of which the characters I like very much.我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语)解题技巧： The house whose roof is brown is mine.还可以写成：The house ,the roof of which is brown ,is mine.The house, of which the roof is brown ,is mine.用定语从句合并句子This is the scientist.His achievements are well known.This is the scientist whose achievements are well knownDon't stand close to the house.Its roof is under repair.Don't stand close to the house whose roof is under repairThis is my school. The buildings of the school are built on the top of a hill.= This is my school _ buildings are built on the top of a hill.=This is my school _are built on the top of a hill.=This is my school _are built on the top of a hill.【答案】whose the buildings of which of which the buildings6关系代词that与which的区别情况用that还是which先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰that先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰that先行词由the very，the only等修饰that先行词既指人也指物that先行词前有疑问代词which时thatthere be句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词that句中已经出现过that或which交替使用先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语that关系代词前面有介词which关系代词后面带有插入语which通常只能用that的情况：当先行词是指物的不定代词all, much, little, few, none, , anything, nothing，everything等时 (something后可以用which)。先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。先行词既指人又物时。先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。句子前面已经出现who, which时。先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。通常只能用which的情况：引导非限制性定语从句修饰_物_或整个句子时。如果句中有两个定语从句，修饰某物时，其中一个用了that,另一个最好用which。先行词本身就是that时。先行词指物时，介词之后须用which. 选词填空：which和thatThe scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.This is the best way that is to be used against pollution.Here is the English grammar book which，as I've told you，will help you improve your English.All the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.This is the very book that I have been looking for.as和which的使用场合：aswhich引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首或句中不能放在句首修饰“积极的”方面修饰“消极的”方面在句中含义意为“正如”、“就像”无此意常用的搭配常和such，so，the same等连用无此用法“ + be + 过去分词”结构“be”可以省略“be”不能省略表示状态的动词as is said above, as already mentioned aboveas is often the caseas it isas is known to all无此用法引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子的内容如： As we all know, he studies very hard.比较：He studies very hard, as / which we all know. Ive never seen such a clever man as he is.He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like.He was late, which made the teacher angry.The bridge is really wonderful, as (is) shown in the picture.The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.the sameas 和the same that的不同：This is the same book as I lent you yesterday. 这本书和我昨天借给你的相似。（相似物）This is the same book that I lent you yesterday. 这正是我昨天借给你的那本书。（同一物）二、关系代词的省略情况关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our manager.你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我能为你效劳的吗？请用关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever read.This is the person whose story surprised everybody.He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their studies.Who was the woman (that) you were talking with?三、先行词是the way the way做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.【答案】that / in which / 不填【语法专练】单句语法填空1He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice.2It is the most expensive hotel that he has ever stayed in.3He is the boy of whom we are proud in our school.4The building whose doors are white is an office building.5Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising.6She is the only one of the children who is(be) good at music here.7The first place that she visited in China was the History Museum.8We don't know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the flood.9Those who want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 p.m.10The film that/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1. The fan is on the desk. You want it. 2. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.3.The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday. 7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning. 9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10.The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it. 11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now. 13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table 【答案】1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The magazine that he has taken away is mine. 3.The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in the next room.4. The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam . 5. The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train that was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree that he is climbing is quite tall. 11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child whose drawing we were looking at just now. 13. This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys whose homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house in front of which grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory at the back of which there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building on the top of which flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill at the foot of which there was a temple.20. She came into a big room in the middle of which stood a large table.短文语法填空I'd skipped nearby Guilin，1.which is a dream place for tourists 2.seeking(seek) the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 3.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 4.who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travellers 5.that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 6.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 7.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，8.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 9.regularly(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.9
