专题04 关系副词引导的定语从句-高一英语语法透析与专练（译林版2020）.docx
专题04 关系副词引导的定语从句-牛津译林版（2020）英语高一语法透析与专练一 、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在从句中作状语。引导定语从句的关系副词有when、where、why。观察这些句子：关系副词从句中作用例句when作时间状语I remember the days when I stayed there.where作地点状语This is the room where I lost my pen.why作原因状语This is the reason why he was late.用法详解：1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。注意：where之前的先行词不仅可以为“明显的地点”，而“地点的模糊化”也是考查的重点，归纳常见的表示模糊化地点的先行词，如：situation, point, stage, job, business, case, condition等等，要注意的是从句的结构是完整的，这些先行词在从句中作状语。Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.例题：1.I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A.how B. which C. where D. that 2.Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 3.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A.where B. which C. while D. why 【答案】CAA3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。二、注意与that和which辨析定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则用which或that。Do you remember the days(which/that) we spent together?你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系词在从句中作spent的宾语)The school(which/that) we visited yesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)This is the reason(which/that) our teacher gave us for doing it.这就是我们的老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)He gave me a reason that/which was reasonable.他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)思考：同样是表示地点的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that, which，有时候用关系副词where？同样是表示时间的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that, which，有时候用关系副词when？请对比以下几组句子：I have found the factory that / which he visited last week.I have found the factory where he stayed last week.The days that / which I spent there are unforgettable.The days when I stayed there are unforgettable.The reason that / which he told me for his being late is that he got up late.The reason why he was late is that he got up late.说明: 当引导词在定语从句中作主语,宾语或表语时,尽管先行词是时间名词,地点名词或表示原因的名词, 我们仍然使用关系代词that, which。这主要根据从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。单句语法填空He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.This is the reason which/that he offered at the meeting.Do you know the reason why he is absent?I'll never forget the days when/on which_we worked on the farm years ago. I'll never forget the days_which/that/不填_we spent on the farm years ago.Pisa is a city_where/in which_stands a leaning tower. Pisa is a city_which/that_has a leaning tower. The reason_why/for which_he was absent from the meeting was that his mother fell ill suddenly. The reason_that/which/不填_he gave for his absence from the meeting was that his mother fell ill suddenly. 三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词可用which或者whom。观察下面这些句子：1This is the reason for which(why) he left in a hurry.2He is a scientist of whom every one of us is proud.3This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.用法详解：1在定语从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”可以同关系副词when，where和why互换 (如例句1)。2关系代词前的介词的选用：(1)介词与先行词构成习惯搭配(如例句1)；(2)介词是定语从句中谓语的组成部分(如例句2)；(3)根据句意(如例句3)。注意：有些“动词介词”短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。The doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。3关系代词的选择在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom(如例句23)，不可用who/that；先行词指事物时关系代词用which(如例句1)。4. 由介词短语+whom/which 引起的定语从句 This is our classroom, in front of which there is a garden.The building at the back of which is a lake is our chemistry lab building.He lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple.5. 数词/代词+介词+which/ whom 引起的定语从句I have some books, one of which is in English. She has many friends, all of whom are in the same class.单句语法填空This is the student to whom I lent a book.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.Is this the car for which you paid a high price?September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.He is the boy whom / who / that we are talking about= He is the boy about whom we are talking.The pen which /that I wrote the article with is gone.= The pen with which I wrote the article.【语法专练】单句语法填空1Is there a shop near here where I can buy some flowers?2The valley where the town lies is very beautiful.3I will never forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.4April Fool's Day is a day when people play jokes on friends.5The reason why he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.6The film where he played the leading role was a great success.7The house for which he paid 200，000 yuan is now worth 350，000 yuan.8The man from whom I got the letter is my brother.9The reason why I didn't write to you was that I didn't know your address.10This is the factory that/which I visited last year.短文语法填空There was a time 1.when I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.why my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3.where I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，the guide 4.whose teacher was Yu Minhong communicated with me facetoface，5.from which I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.that/which we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7.who encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，8.into which I put my entire energy.All in all，as long as you form the habit of learning English every day，you will have a good command of it sooner or later.单项选择1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which timeB. for which time C. during whose timeD. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.A. why B. which C. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name8. _is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. Anyway, that evening, _ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.A. when B. where C. what D. which【答案】1-5 BACCB 6-10 DDBDD1 B。本题题干中的effects和先行词floods之间有所属关系，所以要用whose，这样from whose effects一起引导定语从句。本题答案是：B。2A。通过分析属干可以知道。先行词表示的是一个时间段，且在从句中充当时间状语，根据这个意思，用“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句。c项中的whose不能用来指代时间。本题答案是：A。3C。本题考查关系副词where在定语从句中的用法。现行词a business表示地点“公司”，在定语从句中作状语，故选用where。4C。本题考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时。从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。介词的选择，取决于与现行词成从句之间的关系。“在英语剧中扮演角色”应为act in the English play，因此关系代词which前应用介词in，故本题选C。5B。本题考查非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导；关系词在定语从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，故正确答案是B。 6D。本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。本题先行词是cases，意为“个案”。从句中不缺少主语和宾语。故应用where引导定语从句且在从句中作状语。正确答案是D。7D。whose引导定语从句时，只能用作定语；其他选项均不能构成定语从句。8B。引导非限制性定语从句，而且可以放在句首，这时as用作从句中的主语，代替主句的内容。如果把句中的逗号去掉，就可以选A项。 9D。talk的意思是“交谈”，是不及物动词，后面带宾语就要带适当的介词，因为定语从句的先行词是人，一个构成talk with sb.结构，且把介词提前。 10D。通过分析可以知道：that evening是定语从句的先行词，但是在句子中用作介词about的宾语，所以不能用when，要用which引导定语从句。 【提高训练】1. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿) .A. who B. whos C. whose D. which2. Carol said the work would be done by October, _personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which3. The door in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where4. Theres still much _ can be improved about it.A. which B. that C. / D. what5. Mr. Johnsons son, _ lives in Chicago, is a doctor.A. who B. whom C. that D. which6. Ill never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers _ has a great effect on my life.A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who7. She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour. A. what B. that C. which D. this8. He has made a wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which do I think isC. I think which is D. which I think it is9. Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country.A. that B. when C. during which D. at which10. Next winter _ youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. where11. I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late.A. why B. that C. how D. what12. I dont believe the reason _ he is so late.A. why B. that C. how D. what13. There were two small rooms in the house, _ served as a kitchen.A. the smaller of which B. the small of whichC. the smaller of them D. the smaller one14. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _ stands near the post office.A. / B. in which C. that D. where15.This is the place_ John was born? A.which B.where C. when D.that 16. He is the only person _ I want to talk to. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 17.Is this problem _the teacher explained last week? A. the one B.that C.which D.one 18.The high building _ stand four policemen is the police station. A.which B.that C.in front of it D. in front of which 19.My mother will give Mary a model plane_ she will like to play. A.which B.that C.for which D.with which 20.The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far away village. A.until B.that C. when D.where 21.There are times_ I wonder why I do this job. A.as B.while C.which D.when 22.After living in London for thirty years.Mr Smith returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C that D.when 23.They had a long talk about the persons and things_ they both knew. A.whom B.what C. that D.which 24.That is the very book_ I am looking for. A.that B.which C.what D.as25.Who is the scientist_ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday? A.that B.who C. which D.whom 26.I don't like the way_ you speak to your teacher. A. B.in that C. which D.of which 27.Could you tell me when to get the book_ I want to read? A.what B.who C. D.it 28.The days_ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten. A. when B.which C.who D.on which 29.A pen friend of mine_ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins. A.who B.whom C.to who D.from whom 30. Don't forget the day_ you were admitted to Beijing University. A.when B.that C.at which D. where【答案】CDBBA BCAAA BAACB AADDC DBCAA ACBDA 10
