技巧08 如何设计对话-高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练.docx

优点英语高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练技巧08 如何设计对话对话是故事角色在故事中相互之间的谈话或自言自语的内心独白。对话描写是故事叙述中的一种重要手段， 在读后续写中运用适当的对话描写，能揭示人物的性格和个性，打破单调，能够铺垫出合理的续写情节，从而推动情节向前发展 。对话提示词，如 said Winston、he said、he added 等 (注意，主语是名词时通常放在动词后；主语是代词时，放在 动词前)。提示词的位置可以放在引用的对话前、中、后三个位置， 它与对话内容部分构成一个整体，不需要大写 。如：“When you were a young man we were all living in the tree- tops,” said the barman, with a glance at the other customers.”为了避免单调，除了常见的say, ask, answer, yell, call, cry外，对话提示词中还可用其他动词：think（想）；declare（表明，宣称）；admit（承认）；detail（详细解释道）；emphasize（强调）；remember（回想起，记得）；recall（回想起，记起）；comfort （安慰）；begin（开始讲话）； add （补充说，继续说）；hesitate（犹豫）；continue（继续）；repeat（重说）；scream（尖叫，大声叫）；exclaim（惊叫，呼喊）；scold（责备）；laugh（发笑）；chuckle（低声 轻笑）；sneer（嘲笑，讥讽）；shout（大声说，怒骂）；reply（回答）；sob（啜泣）；demand（要求）；command（命令）；suggest（建议）；persist（坚持）；remark（说起，评论）； agree（同意）；beg（恳求， 哀求）；announce（宣布）；explain（解释）；sigh（叹息）；correct（纠正）；whisper（耳语；小声说）；grunt（咕哝）；mumble（口齿不清地说）；stammer（结结巴巴地说）；stutter（结结巴巴地说）；groan（发牢骚）；grumble（嘟哝；发牢骚）；mutter（嘀咕；发牢骚）；complain（抱怨）；murmur（喃喃细语）； moan（呻吟，抱怨）； gabble（急促而含混不清地说）；gasp（气喘吁吁地说）；snarl（不耐烦地说）；snap（厉声说，怒气冲冲地说）；bellow （怒吼）；growl（怒吼）等。对话中的逗号要放在引号里面。对话提示词与引用的话语构成一个完整的句子，引号的结尾常用逗号。如：“ And now I must go,” she said as soon as he had mastered his instructions.如果对话提示词在一个完整对话中间，其后需用逗号，且后半句话的开头首字母用小写。如：“Dont be late for supper,” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you dont get lost!”此外，引号内可使用感叹号或问号 。如：“ Whatever is he saying？” said a voice, very near, distinct and shrill through the warbling of the Super-Wurlitzer.“These women!” he said, as the machine rose into the air.对话一般由引用部分、标点符号、对话提示语和其他成分构成。对话提示语后如适当增加其他成分， 能够生动传神地展示对话 。在读后续写中我们可以利用如下方法来刻画人物对话：（一）增加副词在对话提示词后增加副词， 加强描绘说话人的语气情感，使对话更形象化 。例1 “You must have seen great changes since you were a young man,” said Winston tentatively.例2 “ In the place where there is no darkness？” he said hesitantly.（二）并列动词在对话中增加动作描写，能渲染故事气氛，增添画面感 。例3 “ Seven minutes behind time,” he added, and shook his head.例4 “Perhaps we had better go on,” said Miss Keate, and moved towards the door.（三）增加介词短语在对话提示词后增加介词短语， 能够更详细地表现出说话者的神态、语调、声音等具体情况 。例5“You all remember,” said the Controller, in his strong deep voice .例6 “ The Ministry of Plentys certainly done a good job this year,” he said with a knowing shake of his head.（四）增加分词短语在对话中增加分词或分词短语表示伴随状况，不仅能够增添画面感，而且能够使句子结构更加复杂，表达更加丰富 。例7“What are you giving them？” asked Mr. Foster, making his tone very professional. (分词短语)例 8 “Yes,” said Mustapha Mond, nodding his head, “you may well shudder. ” (分词短语)（五）增加状语从句在对话中增加从句，使得续写的语法结构更加复杂，同时，更细节化地表达说话人说话时的具体情况 。例 9“At last,” she thought exultantly as she stepped out of the cab. (从句)例 10 “In the place where there is no darkness,” he said, as though he had recognized the allusion. (从句)学会在续写的对话中正确使用标点符号，在对话提示词中灵活运用不同的动词，掌握展示对话的5种方法，从而达到提高自身语言表达的准确性和生动性。在读后续写中展示对话，能够丰富续写的内容和语言，增强语篇的连贯性，有利于推动合理的续1阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Spreading Kindness Around the World“Mom, we want to write a book,” my five-year-old twins, Delilah and Nathenial, told me one day.I looked at my kids curiously. “What do you mean?”Are they joking? I thought. I dont know the first thing about getting a book published. Still, I didnt want to squash their creativity. “Okaywhat do you want it to be about?”“An envelope that travels all over the world spreading kindness,” Nathenial said, his eyes shining.Over the next few months,my kids dreamed up more of the story. The main characters were a pair of twins just like them. I wrote down everything, making sure not to miss a detail. The kids even sketched scenes with colored pencils.The theme of Delilah and Nathenials story was being kind to others, no matter how little you might have. I wondered if that was partly because Id told them what my life had been like when I was their age.I remember my father died when I was five. My mom, younger sister and I ended up on the streets,sleeping in parks and homeless hotels for more than a year. I found myself standing in any line I could to get donated food.Despiteor maybe because ofour hardships, I tried to help others. I handed out snacks to people who were homeless, took in stray (走失的) animals and helped give out donations at a church where the woman in charge would send me home with food. After I gave birth to our twins, I not only taught them to be kind but also to make sure they knew that anything was possible.I guess I did a pretty good job, because here the twins were, at age five, managed to write a book. After we self-published The Magical Envelope last Childrens Day, the kids decided to donate it to the kindergarten in our community.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。The twins, now eight, continue to amaze me._My kids understand more about the hardship I endured._2阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。I grew up in a small town where the primary school was a ten-minute walk from my house. When the noon bell rang, I would race breathlessly home. My mother would be standing at the top of the stairs, smiling down at me.One lunchtime when I was in the third grade will stay with me always. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrators (旁白的) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.I didnt tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard.It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine (藤蔓) was turning green. Under the huge trees, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass in bunch, as if a painter had touched our landscape with gold. I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion. “I think Im going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, pulling it up by its roots. “From now on, well have only roses in this garden.”“But I like dandelions,” I protested. “All flowers are beautiful-even dandelions.”My mother looked at me seriously. “Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesnt it?” She asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. “And that is true of people too,” she added. “Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that.” Relieved that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Paragraph 1“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said, encouraging and comforting me as usual.    _Paragraph 2After the play, I took home the flower._3阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Act of MemoryI was a young girl of eleven then, living in Brooklyn. My father had died unexpectedly that summer. Times was suddenly very hard for my mother, my brother, and me.Papa had always made a big deal out of Christmas. Every Christmas, when we were about to decorate the tree, he would make a little ceremony out of taking a special little Kewpie-doll out of its box, holding it up in front of me, saying, “Maria, this doll is as old as you are.” Then he would hang it on the Christmas tree. Papa bought that little doll when I was born, and it had become a small tradition. But this Christmas we were to have no tree. My mother was a practical woman, saying it was a luxury. I thought, with quiet but strong bitterness and anger, that it had never meant as much to her as it had to Papa anyway.We had been to church that evening and were walking back home in silence. All I could see were the tree-lit windows we passed. Their cheerful glow made my bitterness even more intense because I pictured happy families in those houses, sharing laughter, exchanging presents, talking, joking. I knew while arriving home, we would be greeted by darkened windows and endless emptiness.As we passed my friends house, I asked my mother to please let me drop in for a while. She nodded. I waited until my mother and brother disappeared around the corner. Then I turned and headed for my friends house. Suddenly, a pile of abandoned Christmas trees from the store next to her house came into my sight. Surprised and excited, I dashed to the trees, picked out the best one and began half-dragging my treasure home. It seemed as if Papa was mixed up in this somehow. It seemed as if he was in the stars above me, in every lighted-house, in the very tree I was carrying.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。When I got home, I rang the doorbell and couldnt wait to show them the tree._Before going to bed, I slipped to see my tree one last time but saw my mother standing in front of it._4阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。In the first and second grades, I was extremely shy. I had friends, but it just wasnt in my personality to be very outgoing, even if I knew someone well. I was even quieter with strangers, and so I wasnt very good at meeting new people. I was afraid that I would do or say something wrong.So in our schools annual grand play, I usually sat in a secluded (僻静的) corner to watch the performance alone. I hoped to sit in the background and watch the actors sweat in front of all those pairs of eyes.One day in the third grade, my teacher Mrs. Sally called me into her office and said, “Oh, Mary, you re great at memorizing things, and you have such a sweet personality. Perfect for Jenny! But I bowed my head and dared not speak. The teacher saw this and then said, “Of course, plenty of girls would love the role, and I could find somebody else. But I hope you could try it for me. I had you in mind for Jenny while writing the play! If you really dont want to, I wont force you. Its your choice.”My mind was spinning (快速旋转) faster than the windmill (风车) on the school playground. Mrs. Sally, whom I loved and admired, wanted me to play this role. She believed in me. My eyes moved across the room to a poster I had never noticed before. It showed a shooting star and read, “If you reach for the stars, you might at least grab a piece of the moon.” I looked into Mrs. Sallys shining blue eyes and said, “Okay, Ill try.” I realized it was time to throw off my shy mask and show the world who I really was.In the following five months, the teacher taught me how to set, put on makeup, memorize lines, create costumes and so on. Gradually, I mastered (掌握) my lines and songs.注意：1、续写词数应为150左右；2、请按如下格式作答。The big day came at last. _At that time, Mrs. Sally came backstage for her final check-up and noticed my nervousness._5阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Mary Lee seemed to have everything. She was very beautiful with a wonderful figure and an attractive face. She was very rich. Her clothes were better than anyone elses and she had more of them. Her books were always new and expensive as were her pens, school bags and bicycle. She was very clever too and without appearing to do very much work. She was always the first in all the examinations and always answered all the questions, while the rest of the class we