考点15 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（学生版）.docx

考点15 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型定语从句语法填空2023 试卷类型定语从句考点2023·全国乙卷that/whcih关系代词2023·全国甲卷 as非限定性定语从句2023·全国甲卷that/who关系代词20222022·新高考I卷where关系副词2022·全国甲卷 who非限定性定语从句2022年浙江1月that/who关系代词20212021新课标II卷that/which关系代词2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于定语从句的考查共计8次，主要考查：1定语从句中的关系代词；2定语从句中关系副词；3. 非限制性定语从句的关系词；4. 定语从句的先行词；5. 定语从句中的主谓一致；6. 定语从句中的时态。【备考策略】系统归类定语从句的用法，尤其是关系代词和关系副词的用法；熟练掌握定语从句的相关考点。【命题预测】2024年语法填空对定语从句的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查关系代词和关系副词。必备基础知识：在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。A. 先行词 + 连词（关系代词）+ 陈述句who 【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom 【先行词为人。宾语。】 that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which 【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】B. 地方 + where(状语) + 陈述句 【where = at/on/in which】 时间 + when(状语) + 陈述句 【when = at/on/in which】C. 先行词（物/人） + whose + 名词 whose: 某人的/某物的D. 先行词(人) + 介词 + whom + 陈述句 先行词(物) + 介词 + which + 陈述句重难点知识：考点1关系代词引导的定语从句1.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.  2. 2021·浙江1月Theyre the only thing _ looks like human language in that respect.3.2019·上海卷The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother, _ is a rare phenomenon in nature.4.2019·上海卷For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, _ information is listed above.【方法指导】1who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。2whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。3that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。4which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。5下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。1.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, _ is made from various grains.2.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.3.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_ other people make.”4.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）“Hello, Mr. Herriot.” I heard his voice. I turned a blank gaze on him I just had no idea _ _ he was though his face was familiar.考点2关系副词引导的定语从句1.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【方法指导】1先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, _ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths. 2.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研）However, he could not forget about an earlier time _ his village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.【变式】1. （2021·天津南开区·南开中学高三二模）Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales.AwhichBwhereCwhenDwhy【变式】22. （2021·山东）I dont know the reason _ he left without saying anything.AwhenBwhereCwhyDwhich【变式】3（2021·天津高三期末）We often reach a point in our life _ we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power.AwhenBthatCasDwhich考点3 “介词关系代词”引导的1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _ we can learn without repeating them.Afrom whichBin whichCwith whomDfor whom2.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, _I can look back and see more clearly my own language.ABy whichBthrough whichCwhichDon which【方法指导】1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。2该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。(3)有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。1.（2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模）The Zhuang is an ethnic group_ the population is the largest of all ethnic groups in China.Aof whomBof whichCof whoDof that2.（2021·天津河北区·高三二模）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled.Aon whichBby whichCto whichDfrom which考点4 as，which引导的定语从句1.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 2.（2023·江苏省无锡市）If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, _can create an always available, or "always-on” environment.【方法指南】1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。3which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4“such/so.that.”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.”表示“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5“the same.that.”表示同一个人或物，而“the same.as.”表示同种类的人或物。1.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学摸底学情调研）Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish, has become a favorite dish throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, _ _ is particularly true during winter months.2.（2023·江苏省泰州中学调研）Most skiing competitions of the Winter Olympics were held in areas northwest of Beijing, _ _ its cold in the winter but often doesnt snow much.【变式】1. （天津高三三模）_ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.AAsBItCWhichDWhat2. （天津高三三模）Swimming is good for teenagers, _ some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.AwhichBwhyCWhomDwhat考点5way和time后接定语从句的What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。The wayhe explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation.你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject.曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。【方法指南】1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。【关键能力】定语从句与语法填空定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，_ I was the first Western TV reporter.2 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the development of chopsticks.3 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.4 I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.5 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.6 The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.7 As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.答案：1.when2.who3.which4.that/which5where6.whose7.when应对策略一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦(一)定语从句意识缺失1关系代词被普通代词取代(误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite.(正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite.2关系代词遗漏(误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.(正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows.第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句1有从无主式(误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates.(正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.(正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_variety_of_hobbies.笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。2从句成分残缺式(误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.(正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。3画蛇添足式(误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.(误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite.第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, _ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths. 2.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, _ is made from various grains.3.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）According to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would like to measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday, the prize of _ was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar. 4.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it being a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black came to the Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, _59_the memorial service was held at 10 am, to present bouquets (花束) and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.5.（2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测）Legends have been passed on about Zheng He in the countries and regions _41_ he set foot. 6.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.7.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_ other people make.”8.（2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）He learned carpentry in his teens, after _ _ he taught himself the arts of painting, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting.9.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模）In addition to the new rocket for manned mission, China is also developing a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander, _ will be able to send three astronauts to the lunar orbit and allow two of them to land on the moon. 10.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考）The PLA Navy currently operates two carriers CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong, both of _ _ have a displacement of around 50, 000 tons and use a ski jump mode for launching fixed wing aircraft. 11.（2023·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）The documentary film The Magical Craftsmanship of Suzhou, featuring Chinese intangible cultural heritages, was launched in Australia and New Zealand on July 28, 2022. Before launching, it was released in North America in June, _ _ stimulated a wide discussion on the eastern aesthetics(美学)and the intangible cultural heritages.12.（2023·山东省“学情空间”区域教研共同体联考）Another concern is new food allergies because some GMO food（转基因食品） contain proteins _ _ people have never eaten before.13.（2023·山东省青岛市测试）Since 2016 when the company was founded, Chop Value has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, Chop Value seeks to create one _45_ transforms waste into a usable resource.14.（2023·河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底）The awards ceremony for the One Step ChineseHungarian Drawing Competition was held online in Chinas Hubei province and Hungarys Gyor-Moson-Sopron county last week. The event,_ _drew nearly 100 participants, including students and teachers, was jointly organized by the respective local governments. 15.（2023·河北省保定市部分学校联考）Thanks to the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, consumption _56_ is related to the ice-snow industry has gained steam across China.16.（2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底测）In the main cultural venue of Jiaxing citys Xiuzhou District, Zhejiang Province, a few elderly women are using their imagination and some bright colors to paint the wonderful scenes of life in Jiangnan, or “south of the Yangtze River”. They are members of a farmer-painter group known as the “Ten Sisters”, formed in 2009. The group has 12 rural residents, the oldest of _58_ is 76 years old and the youngest 61.17.（2023·江苏省南京市统考）It was Dragonboat Day. Shiny white tents lined the waterfront, providing shade and refreshments for Dragon Boat paddlers (桨手) from all over California, _37_ gathered around the Castaic Lake for a festive competition. 18.（2023·广东省六校高三第一次联考）As Chinas gig economy (零工经济) continues to grow, the central government is seeking better regulations to serve the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure healthy and balanced development in the job market. Gig workers, often referred to as independent contractors (承包者) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts _ _ often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services to their clients.19.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟第一次联考英语试题）In recent years, by making use of its cultural advantages, Jingdezhen has organized important activities on ceramic arts. These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, _41_ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths. 20.（2023·广东省大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, _41_ is made from various grains. 21.（2023·广东省广州市阶段测试）China has the worlds largest number of world natural heritage sites, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. The country is now home to 14 world natural heritage sites