考点15 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx

考点15 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型定语从句语法填空2023 试卷类型定语从句考点2023·全国乙卷that/whcih关系代词2023·全国甲卷 as非限定性定语从句2023·全国甲卷that/who关系代词20222022·新高考I卷where关系副词2022·全国甲卷 who非限定性定语从句2022年浙江1月that/who关系代词20212021新课标II卷that/which关系代词2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于定语从句的考查共计8次，主要考查：1定语从句中的关系代词；2定语从句中关系副词；3. 非限制性定语从句的关系词；4. 定语从句的先行词；5. 定语从句中的主谓一致；6. 定语从句中的时态。【备考策略】系统归类定语从句的用法，尤其是关系代词和关系副词的用法；熟练掌握定语从句的相关考点。【命题预测】2024年语法填空对定语从句的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查关系代词和关系副词。必备基础知识：在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。A. 先行词 + 连词（关系代词）+ 陈述句who 【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom 【先行词为人。宾语。】 that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which 【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】B. 地方 + where(状语) + 陈述句 【where = at/on/in which】 时间 + when(状语) + 陈述句 【when = at/on/in which】C. 先行词（物/人） + whose + 名词 whose: 某人的/某物的D. 先行词(人) + 介词 + whom + 陈述句 先行词(物) + 介词 + which + 陈述句重难点知识：考点1关系代词引导的定语从句1.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.  【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词which或that。2. 2021·浙江1月Theyre the only thing _ looks like human language in that respect.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。此处先行词是thing被the only修饰，且在定语从句中作主语，故填that。3.2019·上海卷The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother, _ is a rare phenomenon in nature.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处which代替前面整个句子的内容，无固定的先行词。故填which。4.2019·上海卷For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, _ information is listed above.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。为了进一步了解我们项目的消息，请访问我们的网站或联系我们的Undergraduate Chair，它的信息在上面被列出。此处先行词是Undergraduate Chair，其和后面的information是所属关系，故填whose。【方法指导】1who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。2whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。3that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。4which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。5下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。1.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, _ is made from various grains.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：典型的中国酒精饮料是白酒，由各种谷物制成。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词指物。故填which。2.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _full name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.【答案】whose【解析】查定语从句。句意：巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一，他的全名其实是一个很长的名字，实际上是许多名字的混合体。分析可知， 2full name is really a long one在句中为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Pablo Picasso，空处在从句中作定语，指毕加索的全名，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。3.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_ other people make.”【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”这个问题的回答是坚定的，即“为什么不呢？我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知，此处考查引导定语从句的关系词，指代先行词things，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the same修饰，关系代词只能用that。故填that。4.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）“Hello, Mr. Herriot.” I heard his voice. I turned a blank gaze on him I just had no idea _ _ he was though his face was familiar.【答案】who【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我茫然地看着他我只是不知道他是谁，尽管他的脸很熟悉。此处是宾语从句，由句意可知，表示“他是谁”，应用who引导。故填who。考点2关系副词引导的定语从句1.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。【方法指导】1先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, _ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台，年轻的艺术人才像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。2.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研）However, he could not forget about an earlier time _ his village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，他不能忘记，早年间村庄一直在努力应付着严重的空气质量问题。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是time，指时间；从句主语是his village，从句谓语是had been struggling with，从句宾语是a serious air quality problem，则设空处应填when，充当从句时间状语。故填when。【变式】1. （2021·天津南开区·南开中学高三二模）Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales.AwhichBwhereCwhenDwhy【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position 为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选B。【变式】22. （2021·山东）I dont know the reason _ he left without saying anything.AwhenBwhereCwhyDwhich【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不知道他什么也没说就走了的原因。本句是定语从句，先行词为the reason，先行词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why。故选C项。【变式】3（2021·天津高三期末）We often reach a point in our life _ we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power.AwhenBthatCasDwhich【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们经常会到达一个临界点，那时我们应该准备好迎接改变，这将帮助我们释放自我提升的力量。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a point，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，排除关系代词，应用关系副词when引导从句，在句中作时间状语。故选A项。考点3 “介词关系代词”引导的1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes _ we can learn without repeating them.Afrom whichBin whichCwith whomDfor whom【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。2.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, _I can look back and see more clearly my own language.ABy whichBthrough whichCwhichDon which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我可以回顾并且更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行词door做through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which，by表示方式，on“在上面”不符合句意，故选B。【方法指导】1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。2该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。(3)有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。1.（2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模）The Zhuang is an ethnic group_ the population is the largest of all ethnic groups in China.Aof whomBof whichCof whoDof that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：壮族是中国所有少数民族中人口最多的一个民族。分析可知，设空处为“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为“an ethnic group”，作of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故选B。2.（2021·天津河北区·高三二模）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled.Aon whichBby whichCto whichDfrom which【答案】C【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：人类和动物面部表情的不同之处，在于某程度上人类面部表情可以受到控制。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the degree，关系代词which在句中指代先行词degree(程度)，表示“某种程度”应为“to some degree”，故介词to符合句意。故选C项。考点4 as，which引导的定语从句1.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 【答案】as【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在明天的寓言中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。2.（2023·江苏省无锡市）If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, _can create an always available, or "always-on” environment.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如果你团队里的每个人都在不同的时间工作，你可能会全天一直收到邮件和信息，这就能营造出一种一直在线的环境。在非限制性定语从句中，缺少主语，且代指前面一整句话，故用which。【方法指南】1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。3which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4“such/so.that.”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.”表示“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5“the same.that.”表示同一个人或物，而“the same.as.”表示同种类的人或物。1.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学摸底学情调研）Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish, has become a favorite dish throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, _ _ is particularly true during winter months.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：火锅，作为中国传统的民间美食，至少从汉代开始，就已经成为全中国最受欢迎的美食，尤其是在冬季。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。2.（2023·江苏省泰州中学调研）Most skiing competitions of the Winter Olympics were held in areas northwest of Beijing, _ _ its cold in the winter but often doesnt snow much.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：冬奥会的大多数滑雪比赛都在北京西北部地区举行，那里的冬天很冷，但通常不会下太多雪。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是areas northwest of Beijing，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。【变式】1. （天津高三三模）_ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.AAsBItCWhichDWhat【答案】A【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文化中是不礼貌的。分析可知，_ is widely accepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子“in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses”，结合选项，as和which都可以指代整个句子，在引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置于句首。故选A。2. （天津高三三模）Swimming is good for teenagers, _ some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.AwhichBwhyCWhomDwhat【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们激发潜能，促进他们的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知，“_ some experts say will help them to.”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句“Swimming is good for teenagers(游泳对青少年有好处)”，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”，并在该句中充当宾语从句中的主语，故应用which，故选A。考点5way和time后接定语从句的What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。The wayhe explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation.你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject.曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。【方法指南】1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。【关键能力】定语从句与语法填空定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，_ I was the first Western TV reporter.2 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the development of chopsticks.3 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.4 I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.5 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.6 The books on the desk，_ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.7 As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.答案：1.when2.who3.which4.that/which5where6.whose7.when应对策略一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦(一)定语从句意识缺失1关系代词被普通代词取代(误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite.(正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite.2关系代词遗漏(误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.(正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows.第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句1有从无主式(误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates.(正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.(正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_variety_of_hobbies.笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。2从句成分残缺式(误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.(正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。3画蛇添足式(误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.(误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite.第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, _ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台，年轻的艺术人才像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。2.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, _ is made from various grains.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：典型的中国酒精饮料是白酒，由各种谷物制成。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词指物。故填which。3.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）According to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would like to measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday, the prize of _ was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar. 【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他告诉动物们，他将在他的生日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑，比赛的奖品是中国十二生肖的十二个位置。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race，作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。4.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it being a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black came to the Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, _59_the memorial service was held at 10 am, to present bouquets (花束) and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：尽管这是一个繁忙的工作日，但数千名身穿黑色衣服的人来到了明阳山殡仪馆，上午10点在那里举行了追悼仪式，他们献上花束和一束米，并向袁隆平致敬。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Mingyangshan Mortuary House，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。5.（2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测）Legends have been passed on about Zheng He in the countries and regions _41_ he set foot. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：郑和足迹所及的国家和地区都流传着关于他的传说。分析句子可知，空出引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countries and regions（表示地点的名