考点16 名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx

考点16 名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型名词性从句语法填空2023 试卷类型从句考点2023·新高考卷why表语从句20222022年浙江1月if/whether宾语从句20212021新课标Iwhat主语从句2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于名词性从句的考查共计4次，主要考查：1考查名词性从句连接词；2考查名词性从句中的时态一致；3. it形式主语句式；4. it形式宾语句式；5. 名词性从句和定语从句的区别。【备考策略】系统归类名词性从句的用法，尤其是名词性从句连接词的用法，特别是what和that的用法；熟练掌握名词性从句的相关考点。【命题预测】2024年语法填空对名词性从句的考查仍然有可能，主要集中考查名词性从句连接词。必备基础知识：1主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。2宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或某些形容词之后。3同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。4表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。重难点知识：考点1 that引导主语从句1. 2022·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试Li is not without criticism. Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable _ she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.【答案】that【解析】考查主语从句。有些人表示怀疑，因为在野外工作了一天之后，她看起来如此完美，这令人难以置信。此处是一个主语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为空格处引导的从句，从句不缺成分，且意义完整，故应用that。故填that。2. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.【答案】that【解析】考查连接词。句意：已经证实,儿童时期食用蔬菜有助于保护你免受后期生活中重大疾病的侵扰。分析句子可知， it是形式主语,而proved后面的从句才是该句的真正主语,即为主语从句，且从句语义和结构都完整，故用连接词that，故填that。【方法指导】1that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可省略。2that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：Itbe形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)that从句。Itbe名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)that从句。It be过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)that从句。1.（天津南开区·南开中学高三二模）It is believed_ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning.AwhyBthatChowDwhen【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：人们认为，孩子应该从一开始就学会负责任。这里使用了固定句型：It is believed that据相信.其中it在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。故选B。2.（天津南开区·南开中学高三月考）It is obvious to the whole world_the US has played dirty tricks to bully foreign companies like Hua Wei and TikTok in order to either destroy them or take them over.AasBwhichCwhetherDthat【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意：全世界都很清楚，美国用肮脏的伎俩欺负华为和抖音这样的外国公司，要么摧毁它们，要么接管它们。分析句意，句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的从句“_the US has played dirty tricks to bully foreign companies like Hua Wei and TikTok in order to either destroy them or take them over”。分析成分，从句部分不缺成分和翻译且为陈述句。所以从句应用引导词that引导。故选D项。考点2 that引导宾语从句1.（2023·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三模拟） He suggested the world unite around fundraising to reestablish a primary healthcare system, that free and open research be conducted, and _ cooperation be carried out among different academic disciplines and countries.【答案】that【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他建议全世界团结起来，为重建初级卫生保健系统筹集资金，开展自由开放的研究，并在不同学科和国家之间开展合作。主句谓语suggested后接了三个宾语从句，从句结构完整不缺意义，此处是它的第三个宾语从句，因此用that连接。故填that。2. 八省1月联考Any seasoned language learner will tell you _ the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. 【答案】that【解析】考查宾语从句。任何一个经验丰富的语言学习者都会告诉你，掌握一门外语的美妙之处在于它为你打开的世界。此处句子结构完整，that在此不作成分，没有意思，只起连接作用。故填that。3. 2023·江西省赣州市会昌县七校高三联合月考It warns _ the world would face "untold human suffering" if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change.【答案】that【解析】考查宾语从句。它警告说，如果不对影响气候变化的人类活动做出深刻和持久的转变，世界将面临“难以言表的人类痛苦”。此处是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that引导该从句，所以填that。【方法指导】1常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。2that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。1. My parents have always made it clear _ we shouldnt judge a book by its cover. 【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我的父母总是明确表示我们不应该以貌取人。分析句子结构可知，该句中it为形式宾语，而真正的宾语为that引导的从句。注意：此处的that不能省略。根据句意，故填that。2. Anyone with the least common sense knows our environment should be taken good care of and _ we should recycle rubbish. 【答案】that【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：任何有一点常识的人都知道我们应该好好地保护环境并且将垃圾回收再利用。分析句子结构可知，and后为宾语从句，且从句成分和意义完整，因此用that来引导该从句。注意：当and连接两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不可省略。故填that。考点3 that引导表语从句和同位语从句1.（2023·河南郑州外国语学校阶段练习）Recent studies provide enough evidence _ the ancient art of reading aloud has a number of benefits, from helping improve our memories to strengthening emotional bonds between people. 【答案】that【解析】考查连词。句意：最近的研究提供了足够的证据表明，大声朗读这门古老的艺术有很多好处，从帮助改善我们的记忆力到加强人与人之间的情感联系。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个同位语从句，对前面的名词evidence的内容进行解释说明，因后面的从句是一个完整的句子，不缺任何成分，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，且没有意义。故填that。2. (2023·福建龙岩·第一中学三模)The reason why human culture can be exchanged and spread is  _ the civilization itself has deep value.【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句。句意：人类文化之所以能够交流和传播，是因为文明本身具有深厚的价值。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少任何成分，且句意完整，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导，故填that。3.I still remember the story, _believe it or not we got lost on a rainy night.(用适当的单词填空)【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：我仍然记得那个故事，信不信由你，我们在一个雨夜迷路了。we got lost on a rainy night是同位语从句，解释说明story。从句中不缺少成分，用that引导同位语从句。故填that。4.（2023·江苏南通市·高三开学考试）Although a number of tombs have survived with little damage, the truth is _all have suffered at least some harm from centuries of rain, war, fire and theft. (用适当的词填空)【答案】that【解析】考查表语从句连接词。句意：尽管有一些墓穴没有受到什么破坏，但事实是，这些墓穴都受到了至少几个世纪以来的雨水、战争、火灾和盗窃的侵害。分析句子结构可知，the truth is 后连接一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意也完整，因此表语从句用连接词 that 引导。故填 that 。【方法指导】1that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。2that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当成分，但一般不能省略。1.（2023·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟） Currently, more and more young people wear the adjusted Hanfu with the belief _ the best way to preserve tradition is to adapt it to modern life.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：目前，越来越多的年轻人穿着经过调整的汉服，他们认为保存传统的最好方法是使其适应现代生活。抽象名词belief后面跟了个同位语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，由连接词that引导。故填that。2.（银川市第六中学高三三模）There is much chance _ John will recover from his injury in time for the race.AthatBwhichCifDuntil【答案】A【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：John很有可能在比赛前及时从伤病中康复。分析句子结构以及句意可知，此空引导同位语从句，解释空前名词chance的内容，从句结构和句意完整，所以用只起连接作用，不充当成分，没有意义的that引导，故选A。考点4 what， whever引导的名词性从句1.（2021新课标I卷）_is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】what【解析】考查主语从句。句意为：这段经历让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,表示"的东西",故填What.2. 2021·浙江1月Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond _ other animals convey with non-verbal communications.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息。此处beyond是介词，其后接的是宾语从句。这里what在宾语从句中作convey的宾语。故填what。3. 2021·八省1月联考Here's _ you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.【答案】what【解析】考查表语从句。这里是你在下载语言学习软件前应该思考的事情。此处what作about的宾语。故填what。【方法指导】1what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“的”，在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。2whever引导名词性从句时，其作用等同于其前面的连接词，意为“任何”或“无论”，含有强调的语气。1. (2023·辽宁沈阳二中模拟预测)._seems clear, though, is that these tools are being put to use in some industries now. 【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句。句意：不过，有一点似乎很清楚，即这些工具现在正在/已经在某些行业中投入使用。分析句子结构，此处是一个主语从句，且从句中缺主语，指事物，应用what引导，句首单词首字母大写，故填What。2. （2023·江苏省镇江南京部分学校九校高三学情调研联考）Breathwork is thought to influence the vagus nerve, which stretches from the brain to the gut and makes up the majority of _57_ is known as the parasympathetic nervous system.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：呼吸训练被认为会影响迷走神经，迷走神经从大脑延伸到肠道，构成了副交感神经系统的大部分。分析句子结构，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“什么”，应用what引导从句。故填what。3.（2021·天津耀华中学高三二模）Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless of _ the future holds.AthatBwhichChowDwhat【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：简决心过一种充实的生活，不管未来如何。宾语从句中缺少动词hold的宾语，且是指东西，所以应用连接代词what。故选D。4. （2021·天津耀华滨海学校高三三模）_is the most important in life is that we should always be confident about the future.AWhoBWhichCThatDWhat【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意：生活中最重要的是我们总是要对未来充满信心。分析句子可知，空处引导一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“最重要的事情”，应用连接代词what引导。故选D项。考点5 whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句1.（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak _ she could do so remotely.【答案】if/whether【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。2.（2020·北京卷）Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them _you can join in when it's possible.【答案】if/whether【解析】考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。_ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。3.（2021·天津河东区·高三二模）Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and_ it is rough or smooth.AwhoBwhetherCbowDwhat【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：大象有它们自己的方式来辨别物体的形状和是否粗糙或光滑。动词tell后面接两个宾语，一个是宾语the shape of an object，一个是宾语从句_ it is rough or smooth，结合or可知，此处表示“无论是还是”，所以用whetheror引导宾语从句。故选B项。4. （云南高三学业考试）I want to know _ it is worth doing.AuntilBunlessCwhetherDbefore【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道这是否值得做。根据句意和句子结构可知，_ it is worth doing为宾语从句，空格处单词引导的句子作know的宾语，从句中不缺成分，根据句意“是否”可知，应用whether引导从句，意为“是否”。故选C项。【方法指南】1whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。与or或or not连用时只能用whether从句作介词宾语时只能用whether2在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。考点6 who，why，how，where，when等引导的名词性从句1.（2023·新高考卷 语法填空）This is 62. they need an English trainer. 【答案】why【解析】考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要一名英语教练的原因。本空引导表语从句,根据句意可知,本空在从句中作原因状语,故应用连接副词why。2.北京市东城区高三上学期期末No one is sure _ built the structureOne of the most popular beliefs is that the Celts built it【答案】who【解析】考查宾语从句。没有人确定是谁建造了这个结构。此处be sure（of）是固定句型，of后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少人作主语，因此使用连接词who引导宾语从句。故填who。3.（2021·天津高考真题）What puzzles Lily's friends is _ she always has so many crazy ideas.AwhetherBwhyCwhatDwhen【答案】B【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所的事儿；D. when什么时间，的时间。分析句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。4.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading. （用单词适当形式填空）【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽着树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方。空处引导一个宾语从句，结合语境可知此处是表地点的，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导，故填where。5. Sometimes, _ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her. （用单词适当形式填空）【答案】how【解析】考查主语从句。句意：有时我们如何表达对一个人的感激之情会体现在招待他或她的食物种类上。分析句子可知，此处是主语从句连接词，从句we show our gratitude to a person成分完整，但缺少“如何”之意，应用连接副词how，故填how。6.Exactly _the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【答案】when【解析】考查主语从句。句意：马铃薯何时传入欧洲还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句的句子成分完整，所以空处需用连接副词引导主语从句，根据后文 around 1565可知，空处需用when引导主语从句。故填when。7. At the end of the adventure, we had to choose to live in a cave. Thats_we could shelter from the snowstorm.【答案】where【解析】考查表语从句。句意：在这段冒险经历的最后，我们不得不选择在一个山洞里住了下来。那儿是我们躲避暴风雪的地方。_we could shelter from the snowstorm是表语从句；根据句意，应用where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。【方法指南】1who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2能接以上词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。3以上词可引导介词的宾语从句。4以上词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。【关键能力】名词性从句与语法填空在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其连接词一般不可省略(宾语从句中的that可省略)。在空白处填入适当的连接词1The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.2I wonder_ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.3You have to know _ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.4We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.答案：1.that2.how3.where4.when应对策略若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦1语序问题(误)These pictures show you what_does_our_village_look_like.(正)These pictures show you what_our_village_looks_like.此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误)Do_you_think which of these is the most useful invention?(正)Which of these do_you_think is the most useful invention?在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。2what和that的运用(误)America was that was first called“India” by Columbus.(正)America was what was first called “India” by Columbus.在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把what解释为：the名词that/which。3whether和if的运用(误)If we'll hold the party has not been decided yet.(正)Whether we'll hold the party has not been decided yet.whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。4连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)The reason why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam.(正)The reason why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because.在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）“Hello, Mr. Herriot.” I heard his voice. I turned a blank gaze on him I just had no idea _ _ he was though his face was familiar.【答案】who【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我茫然地看着他我只是不知道他是谁，尽管他的脸很熟悉。此处是宾语从句，由句意可知，表示“他是谁”，应用who引导。故填who。2. (2023·辽宁沈阳二中模拟预测)._seems clear, though, is that these tools are being put to use in some industries now. 【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句。句意：不过，有一点似乎很清楚，即这些工具现在正在/已经在某些行业中投入使用。分析句子结构，此处是一个主语从句，且从句中缺主语，指事物，应用what引导，句首单词首字母大写，故填What。3.（2023·浙江省名校协作体联考）“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. Thats _65_ the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding.【答案】where考查表语从句。句意：“在实践中探索和理解社会，影响我们周围的人。这就是项目的意义所在，”丁嘉诚说。该空后接表语从句，且连接词在从句中作地点状语，用连接副词where。故填where。4.(2023·河南郑州统考三模) After the construction finishes, there will be at least two sea trials in the summer to test the ship, and also to check _ the rooms and entertainment facilities (设施) are comfortable. 【答案】whether/if 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：建造完成后，将在夏季进行至少两次海试，以测试船舶，并检查房间和娱乐设施是否舒适。分析句子可知，空处需引导名词性从句作check的宾语，且空处表达“是否”的意思，应用连接词whether或if。故填whether/if。5.(2023·福建厦门一中高三期中) Do I have _ it takes to put on a successful show? 【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我有成功演出的条件吗？引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指事物应用what引导。故填what。6.（2023·福建省龙岩第一中学月考）During her work, Remila wears a blue helmet, goggles, and blue suits. After a J-15 lands, _40_ she needs to do is carry the heavy wire after getting signals and run to the fighter to take a series of actions for a quick installation.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：J-15着陆后，她需要做的是在收到信号后，携带沉重的电线跑到战斗机上，采取一系列快速安装的行动。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。7.（2023·江苏省南通市海门实验学校学情调研二）When a woman stepped out in the 1740s, on a regular basis, her private belongings would have included a watch, money, jewelry and perhaps some food. These are_59_she chose to take out. By the 1860s, she may have included scissors, a purse, and a magnifying glass. 【答案】what【解析】考查连接词。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代物品应用what引导。故填what。8.（2023·河南省八市重点高中摸底）It is done without judgment, and it leads to understanding. The Human Library started with the concept of living books. Each person became an open “book” and shared their own experiences in life. They would talk about _45_ life was like in their shoes.【答案】what【解析】考查连词。句意：他们会谈论他们的生活是什么样的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少宾语从句的连接词，结合句意可知，此处使用what“什么”符合句意，故填what。9.（2023·四川成都石室中学模拟预测） And they wonder _ you will do with your life. 【答案】what【解析】考查连接代词。句意：他们想知道你们将如何应对生活。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个宾语从句，该宾语从句缺少宾