考点05 副词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（学生版）.docx

考点05 副词（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布题型语法填空高考考点副词新高考I卷2023rare-rarely2022eventual-eventually2021undoubted-undoubtedly新高考II卷2023basic-basically2022accidental-accidentally2021浙江1月高考卷2023original -originally2022rough-roughly2021sharp-sharply2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于副词的考查共计8次，主要考查：1其他词转化为副词的词形转换；2副词的比较级；3. 副词的比较句型。【备考策略】系统归类副词的词形转换词，尤其注意不规则变化；重熟练掌握副词比较句型的用法。【命题预测】语法填空对副词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查副词的词形转换，副词的相关句型用法。（不要粗略的导图，给你最全面、实用的考点总结）考点一 副词的词形转换1.副词的构词规律类别例词形容词后缀-lyclearclearly, greatgreatly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly, sinceresincerely以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-lyhappyhappily, heavyheavily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, noisynoisily*shyshyly(y的发音为/a/，直接加­ly)词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加-yterribleterribly, possiblepossibly, gentlegently, probableprobably, comfortablecomfortably, responsibleresponsibly, suitablesuitably (例外：wholewholly)词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-lytruetruly(高中阶段仅此一例)词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-yfullfully, dulldully词尾为-ic的形容词，加-allybasicbasically, scientificscientifically, specificspecifically, automaticautomatically2.词形转换的具体总结（易错特别提醒）副词后缀1形容词变副词去e还是不去e(1)大部分以字母e结尾的形容词不去e，形容词变副词直接加-lyimmediateimmediately立刻地fortunatefortunately幸运地entireentirely完全地，彻底地widewidely广泛地absoluteabsolutely绝对地；完全地politepolitely有礼貌地；客气地wisewisely明智地；聪明地；精明地nicenicely漂亮地；恰好地hugehugely很；非常expensiveexpensively昂贵地(2)-le结尾的形容词变为-ly（易错类别）simplesimply简单地；仅仅gentlegently轻轻地；温柔地terribleterribly非常；可怕地；极度地possiblepossibly可能地；也许probableprobably大概；或许comfortablecomfortably舒服地；安乐地(3)以“元音字母e”结尾的形容词去e加-lytruetruly真实地（易错拼写）(4)特殊情况wholewholly完全地；全部shyshyly害羞地drydryly干燥地fullfully充分地dulldully单调地2以字母ic结尾的形容词加-ally变为副词specificspecifically特别地；明确地basicbasically主要地，基本上scientificscientifically系统地；合乎科学地academicacademically学术上；学业上historichistorically关于历史事件，从历史观点上说classicclassically古典主义地enthusiasticenthusiastically热情地3.形式异同的形容词和副词在学习和运用形容词和副词的过程中，我们常常在一些形容词和副词后加­ly变为副词。但是某些副词的形式与形容词形式相同，还有一些是不同的。现把这类常见的形容词和副词归纳如下：说明常见词例句形容词和副词词形相同，词义相似alone, enough, early, fast, better, best, downstairs, upstairs, far, under, straight, (表示方位) left, right, back, front, (表示数量) little, much He always gets up early, because he knows that the early bird catches the worm.他总是起床很早，因为他知道早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(前者为副词，作状语；后者为形容词，作定语)He likes to be alone and always goes out alone.他喜欢一个人，总是单独外出。(前者为形容词，作表语；后者为副词，作状语)形容词和副词词形相同，词义不同hard, very, past, still, well, that, this等Hard work leads to success.努力工作通向成功。(为形容词作定语，意为“艰苦的，努力的”)Under the leadership of the Party, the people are working hard.在党的领导下，人民努力工作。(为副词作状语，意为“努力地”)Stand still while I take a photo of you.我给你拍照的时候站着别动。(为形容词作表语，意为“不动的；静止的”)Although it was midnight, our teacher were still working.尽管半夜了，我们老师依然在工作。(为副词作状语，意为“仍然”)形容词和副词词形相同，词义相似，同时，还有一种以­ly结尾的副词high与highlyHolding his head high, he walked past.他高昂着头走了过去。(意为“高地”)We all think highly of your research work.我们高度赞扬你的调查工作。(意为“高度地”)wide与widely“Open your mouth wide，” said the doctor.“张大你的嘴，”医生说。(意为“张得很大地”)His theory is now widely accepted.他的理论现在被广泛接受。(意为“广泛地”)close与closelyThe firefighters couldn't get close to the fire because there were too many people in the street.消防队员无法靠近火场，因为街上人太多了。(形容词，意为“走近，靠近”)Those problems are closely related.这些问题密切相关。(副词，意为“密切地”)loud与loudlySpeak loud, please！请大点声！(副词，意为“高声地，大声地”)Someone is knocking loudly at the door.有人正大声地敲门。(副词，意为“大声地”，含有“嘈杂，喧闹”之意。)deep与deeplyThe miners were trapped deep underground. 矿工被困在地下深处。(意为“深地”，常表示具体概念)We are deeply moved by his good deeds.我们被他的善行深深感动了。(意为“深深地，深刻地”，常表示抽象概念)形容词和副词词形相同，词义(不)相似，同时还有以­ly结尾的另一个副词，不过它的词义完全不同hard与hardlyHe works hard at his lessons.他努力学习功课。(副词，意为“努力地”)The news is so good that I can hardly believe it's true.这个消息太好了，我简直不敢相信这是真的。(副词，意为“几乎不”)sharp与sharplyIt was twelve o'clock sharp.现在12点整了。(副词，意为“整点，恰好”)“Don't talk nonsense”， she said sharply. “别胡扯”，她严厉地说。(副词，意为“严厉地”)fair与fairlyOne learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.一个人要学会努力奋斗，但要公平奋斗，赢而不骄，输而不失风度。(副词，意为“公平地”)It is fairly warm today.今天相当暖和。(副词，意为“相当，很”)near与nearlyMay Day is drawing near.五一即将到来。(副词，意为“在附近；不久以后”)My teacher is nearly 60 years old, and he teaches well.我的老师将近60岁，他教得很好。(副词，意为“几乎，将近”)short与shortlyPaper is running short.纸快用完了。(副词，意为“短缺地”)He'll be back shortly.他很快就会回来。(副词，意为“不久”)most与mostlyWhat struck me most was his courage.最令我吃惊的是他的勇气。(副词，much的最高级，意为“最”)It was a most touching scene.那是极其动人的场面。(形容词，意为“很；十分；极其”)They are mostly visiting scientists.他们大多是来访的科学家。(副词，意为“大部分地，主要地”)1.（2023·新高考卷 语法填空）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 2.（2023·新高考卷 语法填空）So, what are they learning? (basic), how to describe a pandas life. 1【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】When Picasso was born, he was so weak that the nurse left him on the side table and _44_ (simple) began to attend to his mother. 2【2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考】The carrier, in the next phase, will undergo a series of trials to _61_ (comprehensive) test its overall capabilities and specific equipment.考点二 副词的基本用法副词是一种词类，常用于限制、说明、修饰形容词、动词、分词、副词、介词短语、分词、句子等。副词在句子中用作状语时，常位于动词的后面、形容词的前面、句首等位置；副词在句子中作表语时位于系动词之后；副词在句子中作定语时位于所修饰或限制的修饰词的后面；副词在句子中作宾语补足语时位于宾语的后面。这些是副词的基本用法，应牢记和熟练掌握。具体解读(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。2020·全国卷Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging.登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。2021·全国乙卷书面表达 Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently. 此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。2020·新高考山东卷读后续写Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”； therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”； moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”； besides“另外，还有”； however“然而”； instead“相反，代替”； anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”； otherwise“否则”。The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。The house was too expensive and too big. Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。名师指津易用错的几类副词(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), late(晚，迟)/lately(最近), most(很，最)/mostly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。(2)有些副词有两种形式：以-ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地； wide宽地/widely广泛地； high高地/highly高度地； deep深地/deeply深深地。考点三副词的比较级和最高级变化规则副词比较级和最高级的构成(­er/­est)转换以­e结尾­r/­stlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，­er/­estearlyearlierearliest以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)双写结尾字母­er/estbigbiggerbiggest多音节和部分双音节结尾前面加more/mostBeautifullymore beautifullymost beautifully不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, badly, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)oldolder/elderoldest/eldest考点四副词的原级和比较级1.副词的原级副词与形容词一样也有原级和比较级，表示对比的两方在性质、特征等方面相等时，用副词的原级，常用的结构为“as+原级副词+as+比较对象”；表示对比的两方在性质、特征等方面不等时，用副词的比较级，常用的结构为“not so（as） +原级副词+as+比较对象”。例：The sick child walks as _（slow） as a person with a disability in his legs.解析：slowly。分析句子结构可知，本句主谓结构齐全，再根据结构“as+原级副词+as+比较对象”和动词walks可知，本空应填副词slowly。2.副词的比较级双方进行对比时，如果对比的一方超过了对比的另外一方时，用副词比较级形式，常用的结构为“比较级副词+ than”；如果对比的一方不及对比的另外一方时，常用的结构为“less +原级副词+than”。在二者进行比较的时候，还常用到“the +比较级+句子其他成分，the +比较级+句子其他成分”结构，这一结构是一个复合句，逗号之前的部分是状语从句，逗号之后的部分是复合句的主句，意为“越，就越”。例1：People who run often live three years_ （long） than those who dont.解析：longer。空格后面有比较连词than，than的前后有两个对比方，分析句子结构可知本题中句子成分完整，故本空应填副词的比较级形式修饰动词live，故本空填longer。例2：Up to a certain point，the _（hard） you study，the _（good） your college entrance examination results will be.解析：harder；better。本句中用到了“the more，the more”结构。第一空填副词hard的比较级形式harder修饰动词study，第二空填good的比较级形式better作will be的表语。【拓展】如果句子中的副词前出现了even，much，far，a lot，a bit，a great deal等程度副词，此句中的副词常用比较级形式。例：Even 66 _（bad），the number of people eating junk food has increased.解析：worse。分析句子结构可知，句子成分完整，逗号前面的部分作状语修饰整个句子，句子中有程度副词even，可知空格处应用副词的比较级作状语修饰整个句子，故本空填副词badly的比较级形式worse。考点总结1比较级的修饰语常见的有rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等。2比较级than.“比更”；less.than“不如”。3the比较级，the比较级“越，越”。4the比较级of (the)名词/代词“(两者中)较的”。考点五副词的最高级三者或者三者以上的对象进行对比时，要用到最高级形式。一般用到的结构为“主语+谓语+（the）+最高级副词+of / in+比较的范围”。在这一句型中最高级副词前面的定冠词the可以省略。例1：Tony laughed the（loud） of all the students in the class of _ persons.解析：loudest。本句中的of all .表示对比的范围，对比的范围中的人数超过了三人，所以本空应用最高级形式，由于laugh为实义动词，故本空应填副词loud的最高级形式loudest。例2：In the final of the mens 100 meter sprint at this years Tokyo Olympic Games，Lamont Marcel Jacobs ran （the）_（fast） of all.解析：fastest。逗号后面的句子中不缺少句子成分，空格处应填副词的最高级形式修饰实义动词ran，故本空应填副词fast的最高级形式fastest。总结：1三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。2最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like等。 3“否定词比较级”表示最高级意义。4the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。考点总结考点六副词的最高级The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。Smoking is harmful to people's health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.这个价格是平时的10倍，一般人根本买不起。考点总结表示倍数的几个句型1倍数as形容词/副词原级as.2倍数形容词/副词比较级than.3倍数the性质名词(size/length/height等)of.4The名词be倍数what从句5The名词be倍数that/those of.考点七在语法填空语篇中，判断副词、形容词的方法提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性不变时，则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。1等级判定看标志(1)题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时，用比较级。(2)空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时，用最高级。(3)空前有one of the, the序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。2利用固定句型(1)“the比较级， the比较级”表示“越，就越”。(2)“比较级and比较级”，表示“越来越”。(3)“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。3利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有than等标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。解题再提醒考查形容词和副词的比较等级1通过标志词than、比较等级的修饰语(修饰比较级程度的修饰语有much、a little、a bit、far、by far、a lot、a great/good deal、rather、still；修饰最高级的修饰语有序数词、by far、nearly、almost等)或表示比较意义的语境，判断要用比较级还是最高级。2熟练掌握一些固定结构中比较级或最高级的用法。这就要求学生要准确理解语境，同时多积累常用比较级或最高级的固定形式。当然学生还要牢记比较级和最高级的正确拼写。此外，要注意very、quite、so、too等不可用来修饰比较级。3分析句子结构，理清比较级和最高级。(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断出用比较级或最高级。(3)表示“越，就越”用“the比较级， the比较级”结构。(4)表达在某个范围内“最”，应用“the形容词/副词的最高级比较范围”结构。表示范围的标志词有in、of、among等。(5)当空前有the second/third .、one of .等词时，需填最高级。（2023·江苏省连云港市调研）_ (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting,  making this traditional art more popular in China. （2023·江苏省淮安市高中校协作体期中）A 2009 study found that people are “far _ (little) willing to keep many choices open” when some have bigger rewards than others.基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）In December 2014, Jingdezhen was _38_ (official) approved by UNESCO and joined the Creative City Network, gaining itself the “City of Crafts and Folk Art” title. 2.（2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟）The Chinese team, with certification from the UN, comprised high-quality and well-equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations _(efficient) at the same time in two locations. 3.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）_42_(additional), Chinese people like to drink hot water or tea with their meals since hot water is helpful for digestion according to traditional Chinese medicine.4.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The ox was _44_(original) first, but he was so kind that he agreed to carry the little rat across the river. 5.（2023·河北省名校联考一模）After the opening of the Beijing 2022 Olympics, Bing Dwen Dwen, like hotcakes,  _ (incredible) went viral overnight. 5.（2023·广东省梅州市高三二模）So they_(final) agreed. Wan began to record her grandpas life in videos, which were posted to Douyin (抖音). 6.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）People from all walks of life in China and abroad expressed their condolences after Yuans death, which indicated that his contribution to the hybrid rice industry has been _63_(wide) recognized and highly praised, Zhao Lijian, spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said at a news conference in Beijing on Monday.7.（2023·河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考） This means new shipping paths will be reliably open, but it also means that species that thrive (茁壮成长) on sea ice will have to adapt_(significant) and may suffer. 8.（2023·江苏省连云港市调研）_ (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and painting,  making this traditional art more popular in China. 9.（2023·江苏省决胜新高考4月大联考）The villages faithfully preserve elements that are typical of traditional pre-modern villages. _ (additional), the site preserves regional art, customs, cuisine and other forms of cultural and traditional ways of life.10.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）When Picasso was born, he was so weak that the nurse left him on the side table and _44_ (simple) began to attend to his mother. 11.（2023江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）During his youth, he traveled around the country to seek inspiration from nature while _64_ (enthusiastic) studying the masterpieces of early Chinese painters.12.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试）Meanwhile, China is also working on a series of reusable space launch and transport systems that will _45_(significant) boost its space shuttle capability, lowering costs and empowering future development in this area.13.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考）The carrier, in the next phase, will undergo a series of trials to _61_ (comprehensive) test its overall capabilities and specific equipment.14.（2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）It is therefore necessary for the domestic manufacturers to work harder to _44_ (constant) raise the proportion of domestic parts in the C919.15.（2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟）The old traditions may not be celebrated every spring, nor are the traditional dishes _(necessary) to be enjoyed right on the day. 16.（2023·云南省曲靖市一中质量监测（五）A small village in Yunnan Province is _ (wide) known as the Dai paper factory. 17.（2023·广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考）Driven by her dancing dream, Meng Qingyang was_(successful) admitted to the major of classical Chinese dance at the well-known Beijing Dance Academy 18.（2023·重庆市八中4月考）On my last day in Paris, I was _ (confident) walked on street. I guess no matter how hard I tried, I was always going to be an outsider, a tourist.19.（2022·江苏省南京市、盐城市高三下学期第二次模拟）They, _45_ ,