考点14 动名词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx

考点14 动名词（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型动名词语法填空 试卷类型动名词考点20212021全国甲卷spending介词宾语2021全国乙卷 visiting介词宾语20202020年山东卷walking作宾语2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于动名词的考查共计3次，主要考查：1动名词作宾语尤其是介词的宾语；2动名词作定语；3. 动名词作表语；4. 动名词作主语；5. 动名词的各种形式及其意义。【备考策略】系统归类动名词的用法，尤其是动名词作宾语和主语；熟练掌握动名词的各种形式的意义和用法。【命题预测】2024年语法填空对动名词有可能考查，主要集中考查动名词作主语和宾语。知识点：动名词的形式 1. 一般式 （1）主动式 doing (2) 被动式 being done 2. 完成式 （1）主动式 having done (2) 被动式 having been done动名词由动词变化而来，因此有与动词的相同的性质: 能带自己的宾语、状语等，如果带上宾语、状语等，就为动名词短语。动名词相当于一个名词，在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等，但不能用作谓语。动名词有所有格形式。重难点知识：考点1 动名词作主语1. 2021·浙江1月He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, _（find）a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.【答案】finding【解析】考查动名词。在一个辽阔的国家里找一个小社区被证明是不可能的。句中proved是谓语动词，前面是动名词短语作主语。故填finding。2. 【2022·江苏省苏锡常镇四市教学情况调查（一）】Habits, too, have huge gravity pull more than most people realize or admit. _ (break) deeply habitual tendencies involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. But once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension.【答案】Breaking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：要打破根深蒂固的习惯，仅靠那一丁点的意志力和生活中的一些小改变是远远不够的。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填Breaking。【方法指导】1.表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。2.动名词及短语作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。1.（2023·山东省曲阜市第一中学考试）_ _ (melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time to hunt. Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used, when the bears are not actively hunting.【答案】Melting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：极地冰的融化和再冻结是自然的。此处与and后的refreezing是并列成分，作主语，应用动名词。故填Melting。2.（2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研）_ _ (eat) so-called “junk foods” does activate the brains reward system, but that high is short-lived because its not the deep reward of real comfort.【答案】Eating【解析】考查动名词。句意：吃所谓的“垃圾食品”确实会激活大脑的奖励系统，但这种兴奋是短暂的，因为它不是真正舒适的深层奖励。空处作主语，应用动名词形式，首字母应大写。故填Eating。3. 2020·海南卷_（talk）freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.【答案】Talking【解析】考查动名词。自然地和你的医生交谈能使你感觉更好。此处的动名词短语作主语。故填Talking。4. 2019·上海卷She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not (protect) it will result in a “loss of history and a loss of personal touch ".【答案】protecting【解析】考查动名词。她解释说，关于书写的衰落，她从批评者那里听到的两个最常见的论点是，不保护它将导致“失去历史，失去个人魅力”。此处动名词作主语，故填protecting。考点2 动名词作宾语3. 2019·上海卷In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest _ (damage) or destroyed.【答案】being damaged【解析】考查非谓语动词。在最近几年，海洋侵蚀已经导致很多海龟的巢穴被破坏或毁灭。being damaged 作lead to短语中介词to的宾语，该动名词的逻辑主语many turtles nests与damage之间是被动关系，因此用动名词的被动形式。故填being damaged。4. 安徽省皖南八校高三第一次联考Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chiang Kai-sheks Nationalist Government reoccupied the Headquarters-Presidential Palace for _ (govern) the Republic of China.【答案】governing【解析】考查动名词。1945年日本投降后，蒋介石的国民政府重新占领了中华民国国民政府总部总统府，为了统治中华民国。句子的谓语是reoccupied，govern作介词for的宾语，用动名词，故填governing。【方法指导】1.下列短语doing是介词宾语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing:做某事有困难 There is difficulty (in) doing:做某事有困难There is trouble (in) doing:做某事有困难There is no use (in) doing:做某事没有用have a job (in) doing:做某事有困难/很费力have a good/hard time (in) doing:做某事很开心/很辛苦have fun (in) doing :做某事有意思/有趣There is no fun (in) doing:做某事没有意思/没有趣have a problem (in) doing :做某事有困难have luck (in) doing :做某事时有运气/走运have bother (in) doing :做某事费劲spend(in) doing:花费时间做什么2. 以下动词(短语)常接doing短语作宾语：admit 承认deny 否认forgive 原谅prevent 阻止advise 建议discuss 讨论imagine 想象prohibit 禁止allow 允许dislike 不喜欢keep 保持practise 练习appreciate 感激enjoy 喜爱mention 提及quit 停止/放弃avoid 避免escape 逃脱mind 介意reject 拒绝consider 考虑excuse 原谅miss 错过report 报告confess 承认fancy 设想oppose反对risk冒险complete 完成finish 完成pardon 原谅suggest 建议delay 推迟forbid 禁止permit 允许understand 理解carry on: 继续cant help doing.: 禁不住; 情不自禁做feel like: 想要give up: 放弃insist on: 坚持keep on: 继续put off: 推迟set about: 开始,着手succeed in doing.: 成功地做什么prevent/stop.(from) doing.: 防止/阻止.做什么keep .from doing.: 防止/阻止.做什么prevent/stop/keep .from being done: 防止.被什么1.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研） By the time he was 13 years old, his father had given up _ (paint) himself because he felt his son had already surpassed (超越) him.【答案】painting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在他13岁的时候，他的父亲已经放弃了自己画画，因为他觉得他的儿子已经超过了他。give up“放弃”，其后跟动名词作宾语，所以此处用动名词painting，故填painting。2.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it _(be) a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black came to the Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, where the memorial service was held at 10 am, to present bouquets (花束) and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管这是一个繁忙的工作日，但数千名身穿黑色衣服的人来到了明阳山殡仪馆，上午10点在那里举行了追悼仪式，他们献上花束和一束米，并向袁隆平致敬。分析可知，此处为动名词复合结构作despite的宾语。故填being。3. 2021·浙江1月Today: in Australia: most children on average fall 2000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid _（be）overweight.【答案】being【解析】考查动名词。今天：在澳大利亚：大多数孩子平均比避免超重所需的体力活动少了2000步。此处avoid后接动名词作宾语。故填being。4. 2021·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试She started to work in the city at 14 and would not have returned to her childhood home but for her grandmother _ (fall) ill in 2012.【答案】falling【解析】考查动名词。她14岁开始在城市工作，要不是2012年祖母生病，她不会回到儿时的家。but for意为“要不是”，为介词短语，后接动名词的复合结构作宾语。故填falling。5.2019·上海卷In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to (drive) .【答案】driving【解析】考查动名词。在这个意义上，楚贝克将手写比作开车。此处to是介词，故填driving。考点3 动名词作表语Being accompanied by flowers and applause does not necessarily mean one is _(live) a happy life.【答案】living【解析】考查动名词短语作表语。句意：被鲜花和掌声相伴不一定就意味着过着幸福的生活。此处指经常性的动作，故应用living的形式。故填living。【方法指导】动名词作表语：句子的主语常是hobby, task, job, work, hope, wish, aim, goal, duty 等。What I hate most is _(laugh) at. 【答案】being laughed【解析】考查动名词短语作表语。句意：我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。此处指被嘲笑，故应用动名词的被动形式。故填being laughed。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研） By the time he was 13 years old, his father had given up _ (paint) himself because he felt his son had already surpassed (超越) him.【答案】painting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在他13岁的时候，他的父亲已经放弃了自己画画，因为他觉得他的儿子已经超过了他。give up“放弃”，其后跟动名词作宾语，所以此处用动名词painting，故填painting。2.（2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）Test flights are more about _ _ (judge) the aircraft's safety and reliability. 【答案】judging【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：试飞更多的是为了判断飞机的安全性和可靠性。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填judging。3.（2023·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）Caitlin Nugent, a 26-year-old teacher from Sydney, attended one of the documentarys screenings. She said she was drawn by the process behind silk brocades(锦缎)and the film added to her dream of _ _ (make) the trip to China that she had never been to. 【答案】making【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她说她被丝绸的制作过程吸引了并且这部电影增加了她去中国旅行的梦想，这是她从未去过的。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，根据空格前“of”可知，空格处应填动名词形式作宾语，所以应填making。故填making。4.（2023·山东省“学情空间”区域教研共同体统考）Creating a brand-new organism by _ (combine) the genes of existing, unrelated organisms is known as genetic engineering. 【答案】combining【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：基因工程就是把现有的、不相关的有机体的基因结合起来，创造出全新的有机体。空白处作介词by的宾语，因此使用combine的动名词形式combining。故填combining。5.（2023·江苏省镇江市统考）Seeing the two together is a perfect example of the idea of how respecting our history, while still _ _ (look)to the future, can create a truly unique cityscape.【答案】looking【解析】考查动名词。句意：将两者结合在一起是一个很好的例子，展示了如何尊重我们的历史，同时展望未来，可以创造一个真正独特的城市景观。分析句子可知，由while“同时”连接的respecting our history可知，此处为也为动名词形式。故填looking。6.（2023·江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪第一次质量监测）As a typical example of Chinese etiquette (礼仪), the coming-of-age ceremony is aimed at reminding young people entering adulthood that only by _ _(assume)adult responsibilities and practicing good virtue can they become qualified for social roles.【答案】assuming【解析】考查动名词。句意：作为中国礼仪的一个典型例子，成人仪式旨在提醒步入成年的年轻人，只有承担成人责任，践行良好美德，他们才能胜任社会角色。介词后应跟动名词，作宾语。by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事”。故填assuming。7.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）The agronomist (农学家) spent over five decades _ _(research) and improving hybrid rice, which has reached its third generation, helping China work a great wonder feeding nearly one-fifth of the worlds population with less than 9 percent of the worlds total arable (适合耕种的) land.【答案】researching【解析】考查动名词。句意：这位农学家花了50多年的时间研究和改良杂交水稻，杂交水稻已经发展到第三代，帮助中国创造了一个巨大的奇迹用不到世界总耕地的9%养活了世界近五分之一的人口。根据短语spend.(in) doing“花做”可知，此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填researching。8.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）Chinese people also have a habit of _(consume)green tea, and plant-based alcoholic beverages(饮料)such as rice wine, beer and grain liquor moderately. 【答案】consuming【解析】考查动名词。句意：中国人也有喝绿茶的习惯，以及植物性酒精饮料，如米酒、啤酒和谷物酒。所给的词位于介词of之后，用动名词作宾语。故填consuming。9.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it _(be) a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black came to the Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, where the memorial service was held at 10 am, to present bouquets (花束) and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管这是一个繁忙的工作日，但数千名身穿黑色衣服的人来到了明阳山殡仪馆，上午10点在那里举行了追悼仪式，他们献上花束和一束米，并向袁隆平致敬。分析可知，此处为动名词复合结构作despite的宾语。故填being。10(2023·山东省高三考试)Creating a brandnew organism by _ (combine) the genes of existing, unrelated organisms is known as genetic engineering. 【答案】combining【解析】作介词by的宾语，因此使用combine的动名词形式combining。故填combining。11(2023·甘肃省白银市高三质量检测)In some ways, _ (learn) to program a computer is similar to learning a new language.【答案】learning【解析】设空处应用动名词作主语。故填learning。12.（2023·江苏省南通市崇川区等5地月考）Over time, I realized that Dad and Mom had always wanted the best for me. That was when I decided to take the big step to conquer my internet addiction. I could imagine the difficulty I would have_ _ (quit) it. But with dogged determination, I knew that I would turn over a new leaf.【答案】quitting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我可以想象戒掉网瘾是多么的困难。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定短语have difficulty (in) doing做某事有困难，应使用动名词形式。故填quitting。13.（2023·福建省龙岩第一中学月考）During her work, Remila wears a blue helmet, goggles, and blue suits. After a J-15 lands, what she needs to do is carry the heavy wire after _41_ (get) signals and run to the fighter to take a series of actions for a quick installation.【答案】getting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：J-15着陆后，她需要做的是在收到信号后，携带沉重的电线跑到战斗机上，采取一系列快速安装的行动。介词after后接动名词形式。故填getting。14.（2023·山东省曲阜市第一中学考试）_ _ (melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time to hunt. Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used, when the bears are not actively hunting.【答案】Melting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：极地冰的融化和再冻结是自然的。此处与and后的refreezing是并列成分，作主语，应用动名词。故填Melting。15.（2023·江苏省镇江市统考）Yet while they belong to completely different eras,   appearances and purposes, they are both equally representative of this city. Seeing the two together is a perfect example of the idea of how respecting our history, while still _ _ (look)to the future, can create a truly unique cityscape. 【答案】looking【解析】考查动名词。句意：将两者结合在一起是一个很好的例子，展示了如何尊重我们的历史，同时展望未来，可以创造一个真正独特的城市景观。分析句子可知，由while“同时”连接的respecting our history可知，此处为也为动名词形式。故填looking。16.（2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研）_ _ (eat) so-called “junk foods” does activate the brains reward system, but that high is short-lived because its not the deep reward of real comfort.【答案】Eating【解析】考查动名词。句意：吃所谓的“垃圾食品”确实会激活大脑的奖励系统，但这种兴奋是短暂的，因为它不是真正舒适的深层奖励。空处作主语，应用动名词形式，首字母应大写。故填Eating。17.【江苏省金陵中学2021-2022学年高三下学期3月学情调研】The 2021 (22nd) Hainan Island Carnival kicked off in Haikou, capital city of Hainan province, on Dec 10, 2021.The Ministry of Culture and Tourism will continue to support Hainan in _36_ (deepen) reform and opening up, support Hainans aim to become an international tourism consumption center, and provide assistance for the construction of Hainan Free Trade Port.【答案】deepening【解析】考查动名词。句意：文化和旅游部将继续支持海南深化改革开放，支持海南建设国际旅游消费中心，帮助海南自由贸易港建设。in后用动名词deepening作宾语，故填deepening。18.【2022届江苏省连云港市高三第二次调研】TCM is about _58_ (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. 【答案】restoring【解析】考查动名词。句意：传统中医是关于恢复患者阴阳之间的平衡。根据空前的介词about可知，此处用动名词restoring，作宾语。故填restoring。19.【江苏省南通如皋市2022届高三4月第二次适应性考试】Ashley Alcaraz remembers when she started to regret _ (entrust) her infant daughter Paysen to an unlicensed in-home day care when she returned to work.【答案】entrusting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：阿什利·阿尔卡拉茨还记得，当她回到工作岗位时，她开始后悔把年幼的女儿派森托付给了一家没有执照的家庭托儿所。考查动名词作宾语，regret doing sth.表示“后悔做某事”。故填entrusting。20.【江苏省如皋市2021-2022学年高三英语第一学期教学质量调研（一）】The majority of birds are given to Ms. John by vets, while others are handed in after38 (find) injured or because their owners died and the family was unable to take over their care.【答案】being found【解析】考查动名词的被动式作宾语。句意：大多数的鸟是兽医交给约翰女士的，而其他的鸟是在被发现受伤或主人死亡，家人无法接管它们的照顾后才被送过来的。介词after后面用动名词作宾语，且主语others和动词find之间是被动关系，是动名词的被动式being done作宾语。故填being found。21.【江苏省淮安市高中校协作体2021-2022学年高三英语期中】In fact, 57 (neglect) to account for the existing sacrifices is one reason why so many of us have a hard time sticking to healthy habits and following up on goals.【答案】neglecting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，忽视对现有牺牲的考虑是为什么我们这么多人难以坚持健康的习惯和既定目标的原因之一。分析可知，此处应用动名词作主语。故填neglecting。22That reading habits have changed can be felt from the amount of time young people spend _ (sweep) through short videos on their smartphones. 【答案】sweeping【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：阅读习惯的改变可以从年轻人在手机浏览视频的时间就可以感受的到。spend time (in) doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用 sweep 动名词形式作宾语。sweep在此处表示“扫视”。故填sweeping。23As more young people grow frustrated with pressure, they say they want to give up conventional rites of passage, such as _ (get) married or having children. But life itself is a process of fighting, gaining and enjoying. This philosophy does no good to our society. 【答案】getting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的年轻人对压力感到沮丧，他们表示，他们不再想过传统的生活，例如结婚或生孩子。但生活本身就是一个奋斗、收获和享受的过程。这种哲学对我们的社会的没有好处。根据前文的“such as”和后文的“having”可知，此空应填get的动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。24Imbalance causes illness or injury. TCM is about _ (restore) the balance between yin and yang forces in patients. It has been a major part of traditional Chinese culture and continues to play a vital role in medical treatment in China today.【答案】restoring【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：失衡会导致疾病或伤害。中医是关于恢复病人阴阳平衡的。它一直是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，并继续在中国今天的医疗中发挥重要作用。根据空前的介词about可知，此处用动名词restoring，作宾语。故填restoring。25Walking to work, _ (take) part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also works to easily get more physical activity. 【答案】taking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：步行上班、参加在线锻炼计划或与朋友见面散步也可以轻松地获得更多的体育活动。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作主语；根据“or meeting with friends”可知，此处应用动名词作主语。故填taking。26The unique medicine grew out of _ (observe) carefully how everything in reality functions at the deepest, invisible levels and interacts with the surface or visible physical levels. 【答案】observing【