考点12 过去分词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（学生版）.docx

考点12 过去分词（核心考点精讲精练）1. 三年真题考点分布考点题型过去分词语法填空2023 试卷类型过去分词考点2023·新高考卷recognized过去分词作后置定语2023·1月新高考浙江卷surrounded过去分词作定语2023·全国乙卷 built过去分词作定语2023·全国甲卷intended去分词短语作定语20222022·全国甲卷held过去分词作后置定语2022·全国高考乙卷shared过去分词作定语20212021新课标Iastonished过去分词作宾补2021新课标II卷 excited过去分词作表语2021浙江卷1月studied过去分词作定语2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于过去分词的考查共计9次，主要考查：1过去分词作状语；2过去分词作定语；3. 过去分词作宾补；4. 过去分词的各种形式及其意义。【备考策略】系统归类过去分词的用法，尤其是过去分词作定语和状语；熟练掌握过去分词的各种形式的意义和用法。【命题预测】语法填空对过去分词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查过去分词作定语和状语。过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。重难点知识：考点1 过去分词作状语1. When （ask）for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.2. _（use） with care, one tin will last for six weeks.【方法指导】1作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。2如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。3过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。 4带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。5选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。1【时间状语】Film has a much shorter history, especially when _（compare）to such art forms as music and painting.2【条件状语】Time, _（use） correctly, is money in the bank.3.【2023·江苏省扬州市调研】 _(compare)with other satellite navigation systems, the BDS operates more satellites in high orbit, and transmits navigation signals at more frequencies. These features enable better more accurate services.4.【2022·江苏省泰州中学月度检测】In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. First, we must understand the language when we hear it_(speak).考点2 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.1.（2023·新高考卷 语法填空）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long baos birthplace.2.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.3. 2019·上海卷Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species _ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, where around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.4.(浙江1月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _ (call) caffeinism.【方法指导】1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花a retired worker: 退休工人an escaped prisoner: 逃犯a returned student:归国留学生1.（2023·江苏省镇江市调研）A folk music piece_ _(title) “Picturesque Zhejiang” raised the curtains to the opening ceremony of this event, featuring typical elements of Zhejiang, such as silk, tea, bamboo, and poetry.2.(2023·湖南省长沙市第一中学模拟) “From Beijing to Guangzhou, I have met students who are learning our language, enthusiastic young people, businessmen keen to innovate, and artists _(inspire) by France. 3. 2022·河南省平顶山市高三阶段测试The report, which was published in The Lancet in 2019, was based on research done with students _ (age) 11 to 17 in 146 different countries.4.2023·宁夏银川一中月考Food items themselves have meaning _ (attach) to them. In many Western countries, a box of chocolate would be viewed as an appropriate gift.考点3 过去分词作宾补作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。1. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _（wash）.【方法指导】1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall. 她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语。I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。The father wants his daughter taught the piano这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。1.（2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测）With his accomplishments widely _ (acknowledge), Zheng He is remembered as one of Chinas most influential explorers.2.（2022·天津高三二模）With her attention _ on the book, the girl sat there quietly.Ato be fixedBfixCfixedDfixing3.（2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模）The fireman told us the troubles they had _the fire_ .Agetting; controlledBgot; controlledCgot; to controlDgetting; to control考点4 过去分词作表语作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。1. （2020·浙江高三）The hairdresser showed me a book with so many diverse hair styles that I got _and didn't know which one to choose.AconfusedBto confuseCconfusingDto be confused2. （2020·全国高三）While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.ApromoteBpromotedCpromotingDto promote1. （2020·全国高三）For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _ (connect). （用单词适当形式填空）2. （2022·江苏扬州市·仪征市第二中学高三月考）In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_（stick）abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.【关键能力】过去分词与语法填空：在语法填空中，过去分词是必考内容。应对策略非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是v.ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。1首先分析句子结构，若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分，再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的时态和语态，熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。2现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果或伴随，且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系；现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中；动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；此外，应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。3过去分词可作状语、定语或补语，表示被动与完成；若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词；过去分词不可作主语或宾语。4其次，还可以从分析句子成分角度，确定所填非谓语动词的形式：(1)作主语，v.ing形式与不定式一般可以互换，意义无多大区别；但在疑问句和句型“There is no主语”中，主语需用动名词而不用不定式。(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。(3)作伴随状语，通常用分词：与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。(4)作宾语，通常用动名词或不定式，介词后面要用动名词。(5)作定语：不定式表将来；现在分词表进行；过去分词表被动与完成。(6)作宾语补足语：不定式表动作全过程；现在分词表主动或进行；过去分词表被动或完成。(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。1（2021·浙江）_(absorb) in the romantic melody, the talented pianist lost track of time.2（2021·浙江）Watch out for your silly behavior. Don't you see a camera _(position) in an unnoticeable corner? 基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）His ceramic works, both functional and sculptural, are full of elements of fashion, humor, and character _ _ (paint) on with traditional Chinese ink. 2.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）Food _ _(make)of wheat flour is the staple(主食)for people living in the north, while rice is the main staple in the south.3.（2023·河南省名校联考高三5月模拟）A lot of us may be still recovering from antisocial habits _ (form) in the tough time.4.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考）Its home port will be decided _ _ (base) on a host of factors, including the nations security needs, the ships tasks and candidate ports support capacity. 5.（2023·山东省青岛市测试）Felix Böck, a student at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a drawer in his friends house _ _(fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.6.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）Two things I did may have caused people to think that something is wrong with me. The first was when my wife asked me to have the sitting-room clock _ _ (repair). I drove into the market place of our little town and, clock under arm, entered a shop. Only it was the meat shop.7.（2023·河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底）Huang Shihui from Xiangcheng Middle School, Hubei, won the first prize for her painting_ _(title) China in the Rubiks Cube. 8.（2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底）_ _(compare) to other genres, farmers painting in China is relatively  new. 9.（2023·湖南省三湘创新发展联合调研）The large mural (壁画) _ _(create)by Lau in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic is a monument to the disastrous moments the human race faced in 2020, which shows if we work together, we can win any battle.10.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模）The new rocket will be 90 meters tall, and able to lift 27 tonnes of payload(有效载荷) to the lunar orbit, CGTN learned from the Airshow China _(hold) in south Chinas Zhuhai City earlier this month, during which a model of the rocket was displayed. 11.（2023·浙江省名校协作体开学考试）The project won a prize at China Thinks Big, a competition _ _ (hold) by Harvard and Tsinghua University to encourage teenagers to explore important global issues and focus on solutions.12.（2023·江苏省南京市统考）Lin said a friend got him _ _ (involve) in dragonboat racing over a decade ago. In 2018, they decided to host their own festival. 13.（2023·江苏省常州市期中）An image _ _ (generate) with an AI system called Midjourney recently won an art competition at the Colorado State Fair, and caused an uproar (怨愤) among artists.14.(2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模试题) This precious small output of tea, widely _ (seek) after for its outstanding quality, is called Mingqian tea. 15.（2023·江苏省南京市南京市第一中学期中）The researchers found that in these areas, there were still fewer seedlings _ _(compare) to sites that didnt have compressors added to speed up gas extraction.16.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考）_(inspire) by this, three men in England staged the first modern bungee jumps off a bridge in Bristol in 1979. 17.（2023·江苏省淮安市两校（楚州中学、新马中学）联考）】As a child, Qiao Yu, _ _ (influence) by his father, read books about traditional Chinese culture and recited Chinese poems. He only started school at the age of nine due to his family impoverishment.18.(2023·浙江省金丽衢十二校联考）Taichi, _ ( influence) by Daoist and Confucian thought, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, builds upon theories of body energies, the yin and yang cycle and the unity of heaven, earth and man.19.（2023·江苏省泰州中学调研）However, now machine _ _ (design) to make artificial snow are quite advanced. They can make different kinds of snow depending on whats needed for each sport.20.（2023·北京市通州区统考） (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas experienced drought and a decrease in agricultural production.22.（2023·江苏省扬州市宝应县检测）_ _(decorate) with about 40, 000 firewood sticks outside, the bookstore features 10,000 books ranging from literature to history.23.（2023·河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考） At the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or COP27,_(hold) this November in Egypt, many ocean problems and some possible solutions came into focus.24.（2023·江苏省南通市海门实验学校调研二）By the 1860s, she may have included scissors, a purse, and a magnifying glass. She would have worn these in the form of a chatelaine-a series of small purses_ _(attach) to the waist.25.(2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟) The Forbidden City, also _ (refer) to as the Palace Museum in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing. 26.（2023·浙江省强基联盟仿真密卷）To date, the Palace Museum Calendar has been published continuously for twelve years with 4, 000, 000 copies_(sell).27.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考）_(base)on the Open University of China, the National University for the Aged is a national education resource-sharing platform for senior citizens aged 60 or above, whose curriculum extensively ranges from foreign languages and computer skills to photography, cooking and other skills.能力提升【2023·陕西省西北工业大学附属中学第十三次适应性训练】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Finding time to exercise can be hard in our busy lives. So maybe it would help 1 there was “a best time” to exercise? Could exercising at certain times help maximize our fitness goals? The answer is “yes”. There are clear 2 (benefit) to exercising in the morning. Many of us have more free time then 3 (compare) with later in the day, and it may therefore be 4 (easy) for us to stick to a morning workout routine. A study found participants who exercised in the morning, increased their physical activity 5 the day, were less distracted by food, and slept better. Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase metabolism (新陈代谢), 6 means youll continue to burn calories throughout the day. So, good news for early birds, but what if youre not a morning person? Working out in the afternoon or evening also 7 (have) benefits, just different ones. For example, your bodys ability 8 (perform) is at its best in the afternoon. 9 (addition), in the afternoon and evening, your reaction time is quickest, and your heart rate and blood pressure are lowest, which reduce your chance of injury while 10 (improve) your performance. So what time is best? It seems the answer is: whatever time is best for you!真题感知1.（2023·新高考卷 语法填空）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long baos birthplace.2.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, _58_ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.3.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully 62. (build) system of ring roads. 4.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66. (intend) for everyone.  5.【2022·全国甲卷】Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation _63_ (bold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a trib