考点23 阅读理解之直接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）--备战2024年高考英语一轮复习（教师版）.docx

考点23 阅读理解之直接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布考点题型细节理解阅读理解2023 试卷类型阅读考点2023新高考I卷阅读21、22、23、24、26、28、33细节理解2023年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35细节理解20222022·新高考I卷阅读22、25、26、27、32、33细节理解2022年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34细节理解20212021·新高考I卷阅读21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32细节理解2022年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34细节理解2. 命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中的细节理解的考查共计48次，主要考查：1根据阅读文章理解文中的直接信息；2根据阅读文章理解文中的间接信息（主要识别同义句表达）；3. 根据文章内容进行简单的计算；4. 根据文章信息进行过程或时间顺序的排列；5. 根据文章信息查找本文内容相同的部分；【备考策略】系统归类细节理解的方法，尤其是同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】2024年阅读理解对细节理解的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查直接信息、间接信息（同义句表达）和数字计算。【2024年高考命题预测】细节理解之直接信息考点是高考中的必考点。直接信息考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找到答案，选项和文章内容一致。预测在2024高考中，直接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试题中呈现。【细节理解之直接信息考点指南】命题意图：我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，也就是说，看了文章之后我们知道了什么，我们找到了我们需要的信息。通过阅读广告信息我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。 2023·新高考全国卷AYellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programmes throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programmes this summer.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)Whether youre hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the parks amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Centre.Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colours of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the areas natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)Enhance your photography skillsjoin Yellowstones park photographer for a hands-on programme to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.6/19Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.7/10Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.()21.Which of the four programmes begins the earliest?A.Photography Workshops.B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point.D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.【题干定位】关键词the earliest【文章定位】根据各个活动的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)”、“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)”、“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)”及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)”【比较】May 26June 5June 9June 19【答案定位】May 26the earliest【答案】D【类型】直接信息题()22.What is the short talk at Artist Point about?A.Works of famous artists.B.Protection of wild animals.C.Basic photography skills.D.History of the canyon area.【题干定位】关键词What the short talk at Artist Point【文章定位】while learning about the areas natural and human history.【直接对接】D.History of the canyon areathe areas natural and human history【答案定位】History of the canyon areawhat【答案】B【类型】直接信息题 ()23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?A.Artist Point.B.Washburn Trailhead.C.Canyon Village Store.D.Visitor Education Centre.【题干定位】关键词Where July 10 photography workshop【文章定位】7/10Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.【直接对接】Washburn Trailhead【答案定位】Washburn Trailheadwhere【答案】B【类型】直接信息题【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】Longing for the most amazing places on the planet? You can do no wrong with these lakes across the globe.Five Flower LakeSet in the striking karst landscape of the Jiuzhaigou Valley in Sichuan province, China, Five Flower Lake is extraordinarily clear, with visibility to a depth of 40 metres. Five Flower is one of a series of blue-, green-and sky-colored lakes blocked by rock falls, but it differs from the others as its waters change color, looking sometimes yellow, sometimes green, but usually diamond blue. In winter, Five Flower never freezes; in summer, it never dries up. Local wildlife living in the surrounding mountain forests include the rare giant panda and the golden snub-nose monkey.Crater LakeThe deep-blue waters of Crater Lake in Oregon, US, fill the outlet of an ancient volcano that collapsed 7,700 years ago. Its strangest occupant is the “Old Man of the Lake”, a nine-metre-tall tree stump(树桩), which has stood upright in the water for more than a century. No rivers or streams enter the lake. Water loss in summer is compensated by winter snow and rain, the entire body of water being replaced every 250 years.Lake OhridAncient Lake Ohrid has been around for about five million years and crosses the mountainous border between Macedonia and Albania. It has unique plants and wildlife, including the Ohrid “plashica”, a fish native to the lake, whose scales(鳞片) are used to make Ohrid pearls.Lake MaggioreSurrounded on three sides by the Lipontine Alps and touching the plain of Lombardy to the south, Lake Maggiore is Italys longest lake. Considered part of the countrys lake district, it is shared with Switzerland. Characterized by a Mediterranean-style climate, temperatures here are mild all year. This has given rise to some of northern Italys most wonderful gardens, which appear to float like flower-decked boats on the water.1What makes Five Flower Lake different from other lakes?AIts agreeable climate.BThe rare local wildlife.CIts color-changing waters.DThe visibility of waters.2How does Crater Lake mainly get water supply?ABy artificial rain.BBy snow and rain.CFrom nearby streams.DFrom an ancient tree.3Which lake has a typical warm climate?AFive Flower Lake.BCrater Lake.CLake Ohrid.DLake Maggiore.【答案】1C 2B 3D【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个世界上著名的湖泊。1细节理解题。根据介绍“Five Flower Lake”的句子“Five Flower is one of a series of blue-, green-and sky-colored lakes blocked by rock falls, but it differs from the others as its waters change color, looking sometimes yellow, sometimes green, but usually diamond blue.（五花湖是一系列蓝色、绿色和天空色的湖泊之一，被岩石瀑布阻挡，但它与其他湖泊不同，因为它的水会变色，有时看起来是黄色，有时是绿色，但通常是钻石蓝色）”可知，Five Flower Lake与其它湖泊的不同之处在于它的水会变色。故选C项。2细节理解题。根据介绍“Crater Lake”的句子“No rivers or streams enter the lake. Water loss in summer is compensated by winter snow and rain, the entire body of water being replaced every 250 years.（没有河流或溪流进入湖中。夏季的水损失由冬季的雪和雨补偿，整个水体每250年更换一次）”可知，Crater Lake中的水主要来自冬季的雪和雨。故选B项。3细节理解题。根据介绍“Lake Maggiore”的句子“Characterized by a Mediterranean-style climate, temperatures here are mild all year.（这里具有地中海式的气候特点，全年气温温和）”可知，Lake Maggiore有典型的温暖气候。故选D项。规律方法：如何解决事实细节题？做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。细节题的设题方式：(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。According to the passage, when / where / what / who / why / how (many).例如：When / Where did the story happen?What did the author think about after getting up? Who is Lucy according to the passage?Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?(2) 文段篇章细节题Which of the following is (not) true / false according to the passage?From the passage, we can learn that _.According to passage, we know that _.(3) 排序题Choose the right time order of the following events in .1. 判断关键词(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最高级），动词，名词。b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can you learn from the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定位词，方法一致。(2) 划出关键词。如：1.Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）2.The TV ads of Sparrow _.大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）3.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that _.数字4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy? 数字（时间），大写字母开头的词5.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that _.数字（英文时间）6.We can learn from the last paragraph that _.形容词7.We learn from the text that in 2008 _.数字（时间）8.At the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of _.数字（英文时间）9.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century? 形容词，数字（时间）10.While the Bowler family was living in the 1900 house, _.大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）2. 关键词回文定位即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。2023·全国甲卷AWhere to eat in BangkokBangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.NahmOffering Thai fine dining, Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences. Its the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the worlds 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.Issaya Siamese ClubIssaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichais first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.Bo.LanBo.Lan has been making waves in Bangkoks culinary scene since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisines roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry theres a large set menu. GagganEarning first place on the latest “Asias 50 best restaurants” list,progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theatre at its best.()21.What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?A.They adopt modern cooking methods.B.They have branches in London. C.They have top-class chefs.D.They are based in hotels.()22.Which restaurant offers a large set menu?A.Gaggan.B.Bo.Lan.C.Issaya Siamese Club.D.Nahm.()23.What is special about Gaggan?A.It hires staff from India.B.It puts on a play every day.C.It serves hard-to-find local dishes.D.It shows the cooking process to guests.【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了去曼谷享受美食的四个好去处。21.C细节理解题。根据Nahm部分中的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.”和Issaya Siamese Club部分中的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai􀆳s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.”可知,这两个地方都有著名的厨师,这是它们的共同之处。故选C。22.B细节理解题。根据Bo.Lan部分中的“For those extremely hungry there􀆳s a large set menu.”可知,对于那些极度饥饿的人,Bo.Lan有一个大套餐。故选B。23.D细节理解题。根据Gaggan部分中的“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.”可知,在Gaggan人们可以看到厨师及其成员操作的过程。故选D。【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】These science-themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences.Londons sites of scientific interestExplore Londons notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors. Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife, medicine, power generation, engineering, physics and astronomy.The science history of ScotlandDiscover Edinburgh and Glasgows most famous scientific thinkers, and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards.Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙). Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers, take part in walking seminars (研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips, as well as visits to two industrial wonders, the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm.Pre-Historic Southwest EnglandInvolve yourself in the early human periods the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.1Which site can you visit along the River Thames?AMaiden Castle.BThe Falkirk Wheel.CThe Wetland Centre.DThe Salisbury museums.2What is the visit to the Southwest England aimed at?AA closer look at the past.BA brief exposure to nature.CA new view about mysteries.DA deeper understanding of art.3What can visitors expect during all the three trips?ATalks with experts.BVisits to museums.CHistory explorations.DScientific researches.【答案】1C 2A 3A【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了以科学为主题的旅行。1细节理解题。根据Londons sites of scientific interest中的第二段“Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. (参观伦敦湿地中心、邱园、巴特西发电站和格林威治天文台。)”可知，沿着泰晤士河你可以参观到湿地中心。故选C。2细节理解题。根据Pre-Historic Southwest England中的第一段“Involve yourself in the early human periods the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset. (让自己置身于人类早期的青铜和铁器时代。一次温和的徒步旅行，探索威尔特郡和多塞特郡的史前起源和证据。)”可知，访问英格兰西南部的目的是仔细看看过去。故选A。3细节理解题。根据Londons sites of scientific interest中的第一段“Explore Londons notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors. (沿着泰晤士河探索伦敦著名的科学景点，从邱桥开始，白天步行到泰晤士河屏障，晚上听取一些教授演讲。)”、The science history of Scotland中的第二段“Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙).  (享受专家讲座，探索苏格兰启蒙运动的重要遗址。)”和Pre-Historic Southwest England中的第二段“Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums. (参观几个国家信托、英国遗产和联合国教科文组织列出的景点，包括巨石阵和少女城堡，并听取威尔特郡和索尔兹伯里博物馆馆长的演讲。)”可知，在这三次旅行中，游客可以听取专家的演讲。故选A。基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023届福建省高中毕业班4月适应性练习】Many of L.As top museums and cultural attractions are you