2022年中考英语外研版总复习学案-专题五介词.docx

专题五介词方位介词1. across, through与over, “穿越”有别! across强调从某个平面的一边到另一边“横过; 穿过”。over侧重越过某种障碍物, 如“越过”山脉、墙等。through指从某个立体空间内“穿过; 通过”。The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the deserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西到东, 穿过沙漠, 翻过高山, 越过峡谷, 蜿蜒而行, 最后直达海边。2. among, between, “在之间”的数量不同among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在中间”, 其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词。between一般指两者之间, 其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词, 或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时, 仍然要用between。They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个男孩子打过一次架。3. in, on与 to的“位置”不同in表示“在范围之内”We had a day out in the country. 我们在乡下玩了一天。表示两者是“包含”关系Japan is in the east of Asia. 日本在亚洲的东部。on表示“在(表面)上”There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。表示两者是“相切”关系Korea is on the northeast of China. 朝鲜在中国的东北部。to表示“到/向”This road leads to London. 这条路通向伦敦。表示两者是“相离”关系Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。4. 表示“附近”的beside, by, near和next tobeside/by表示“在旁边”, 指较近的距离。He stood beside the entrance. 他站在入口旁边。near表示“在附近”, 指较近的距离, 但一般比beside所指的距离远。My house is near the railway station. 我家在火车站附近。next to表示“靠近, 紧挨着, 贴近”, 它所指的距离最近。Our house is next to the post office. 我们的家紧挨着邮局。【特别提醒】上述几个词从近到一般近到最近顺序为: near >beside/by> next to5. 表示“进进出出”的into, onto, out of和offinto表示“到里”Tears came into her eyes. 泪水涌上了她的眼睛。onto表示“到上面”, 表示某物向另一物的运动He jumped onto the horse and left here quickly. 他跳上马, 迅速离开了这里。out of表示“向外; 在外”Something must have fallen out of the bag. 一定有什么东西从包里掉出来了。off表示“脱离某一地方”He took his feet off the desk. 他把脚从桌子上移开。6. 表示“沿着, 向”的from, towards和along/up/downfrom表示“从, 自”South America separated from Africa 200 million years ago. 两亿年前南美洲和非洲分离。towards“朝, 对, 向”, 可以说明动作或静止的状态The houses face towards the south. 这些房子朝南。along “沿着; 顺着”, 与up/down同义I saw him running along /up/down the road. 我看见他正沿着这条路跑。around/round “围绕着”, 表示动作They sat round/around the fire. 他们围火而坐。1. “穿过” 图解2. “在之间”图解3. “位置”图解4. “附近”图解5. “进进出出”图解6. “沿着”图解时间介词介词用法举例at用来表示在某一具体时刻或固定搭配中at six oclock; at noonin泛指一般意义的上午、下午、晚上in the morning在某月、某季节、某年等in spring; in April, in 2021表示在将来一段时间之后in two dayson后面所接的时间多与具体的日期有关on May 1st; on Saturdayby表示“到为止”by ten oclockfor后接一段时间, 表示“(延续)之久”We will stay in the city for two days. during意为“在期间”He stays in Beijing during the summer. since“自从以来”, 后接“时间点”I have been here since 1976. 时间名词前介词用法口诀年月周前要用in, 具体日子却要禁。遇到几号要用on, 上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午, 用on换in记清楚。具体时刻用at, 午夜、黎明也用它。【语法心得】_方式介词介词意义或用法举例byby+表示交通工具的名词, 意为“乘, 坐”, 表示交通方式He goes to school by subway. by+v. -ing形式, 表示“通过方式”I learn English by reading. inin+语言类名词, 表示“用语言”The novel is written in English. onon+radio/TV等表示“通过收音机/电视等方式”He likes to watch soccer games on TV. with表示“用”某种工具; 身体的某一部分或器官We see with our eyes and listen with our ears. 【图解】by+表交通工具的名词其他介词介词意义或用法举例 as意为“作为; 以的身份”, 后常接表示职业、职务的名词As a student, you should study hard. Mo Yan is famous as a writer. except表示“除之外”, 从整体中除去一部分, 含有“减”的意思We are all here except Jim because he is ill . besides表示“除之外(还有)”, 含有“加”的意思Well all visit the museum besides Jim. with表示伴随, 意为“和一起”He often plays soccer with his friends. 表示“具有; 带有”The Smiths live in a big house with a small garden. without表示“无; 没有”We cant live without water. for表示对象、用途等, 意为“给; 对; 供”Its a book for children. 表示目的, 意为“为了”Lets go for a walk. 【图解】except与besides except除了B, A都去了besides除了A, B也去了【语法心得】_介词短语与固定搭配(一)与名词的搭配 at home在家at present目前at times有时at the end of在结束时after school放学后by the way顺便问一下by mistake错误地for example例如 in danger处于危险之中in fact事实上in trouble处于麻烦中 (二)与动词的搭配agree with同意arrive at/in 到达come from来自depend on 依靠fill. . . with. . . 用装满get on/off上/下车listen to听hear from 收到的来信laugh at嘲笑look for寻找play with与玩耍thanks to幸亏talk about谈论worry about 担心prefer. . . to. . . 比更喜欢wait for等待(三)与形容词的搭配be afraid of害怕 be busy with 忙于be good at擅长于be full of充满的be proud of以为自豪be famous for因闻名be different from与不同be surprised at对感到惊讶be interested in对感兴趣1. 介词与后面的名词构成的固定搭配, 表示状态、方式等。2. 介词与其前面的动词构成固定搭配, 一般来说这样的动词都是不及物动词, 与介词配搭后作及物动词使用, 后面跟宾语。【语法心得】_一、方位介词专练(A)1. (2020·百色中考) Hong Kong is the south of China, its one of the busiest cities in the world.  A. in B. on C. at D. to(A)2. (2021·青海中考)Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. Youd better park it the tree.  A. underB. in front ofC. behind(A)3. (2021·铜仁中考)Taiwan liesthe southeast of China, and it isthe east of Fujian.  OK, I want to visit it some day. A. in; toB. on; toC. to; inD. to; on(A)4. (2021·海南中考)Sansha, a beautiful city, lies the south of China.  A. inB. onC. to(B)5. (2021·温州中考)Kate felt excited to see a group of sheep walking her into a village in Qinghai.  A. overB. pastC. acrossD. through(C)6. (2020·苏州中考)Did you go on the Silk Road trip by train? Yes. The train was great, just like a hotel wheelsit had all that I needed.  A. inB. atC. onD. by一、“定位法”选方位介词1. 表地理位置: “小地方”用at; “大地点”用in; on 表示毗邻, 接壤; to表示在范围外, 不强调是否接壤。(如1, 3, 4)2. 表空间位置: on表示两个物体有接触; above表示两个物体不接触, 其反义词是below; over表示垂直在上, 其反义词是under。(如2, 6)3. across表示“(从表面)穿过”; through表示“(从内部)贯穿”; past表示“(从旁边)经过”; between表示两者之间; among表示三者或三者以上之间。(如5)【语法心得】_二、时间介词专练(B)1. (2021·宿迁中考)The Communist Party of China will have its 100th birthday July 1, 2021.  A. inB. on C. forD. at(C)2. (2020·宜昌中考) Many people have been back to their work March 5th.  Cities are brought back to life. A. forB. inC. sinceD. during(B)3. (2021·南京中考)We are going to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China July 1st, 2021.  A. inB. onC. atD. of(A)4. (2021·自贡中考) Have you heard of the news about Yuan Longping? Yes. Its reported that he passed away the age of 91 yesterday.  A. atB. inC. on(C)5. (2021·重庆中考B卷) We usually have a flag-raising ceremony Monday.  A. inB. atC. onD. for二、聚焦时间名词, 遴选时间介词1. 在具体时刻或具体年龄前用at。(如4)2. 在月份、季节、年代、世纪等前用in, 在泛指的上午、下午和傍晚前也用in。3. 在特定的日期、星期和节日前, 或在具体某天的上午、下午和傍晚前用on。(如1, 3, 5)4. 表示“时间段”时, “点时间”用since; “段时间”用for。(如2)。【语法心得】_三、方式介词专练(B)1. (2021·郴州中考)What would you like to drink, Joe? Id like a cup of coffee milk, please. I like the taste.  A. inB. withC. from(A)2. (2021·湘潭中考)How do you study for a test, Eric? I study working with a group.  A. byB. withC. in(A)3. (2021·绥化中考)Big sale! We have T-shirtswhiteonly $6.  A. in; forB. of; forC. in; at三、锁定介词宾语, 判断方式介词1. with/without后接具体的工具、手段、材料等。(如1)2. in表示用语言、方法、途径或衣服的颜色。(如3)3. by接交通工具或doing sth. 表示方式。(如2)四、其他介词专练(B)1. (2021·安徽中考)Our country has made great progress in the fight blue skies and clear waters.  A. inB. forC. againstD. between(D)2. (2020·天水中考) Man cant live water.  A. ofB. forC. fromD. without (C)3. (2020·连云港中考) To complete her online learning, Suzy needs a computer or a mobile phone to receive messages her teachers.  A. withB. duringC. fromD. through四、语境分析法解介词题熟记介词的意思, 并把介词放到句子中去理解, 最后根据语境选出所需介词。(如13)【语法心得】_五、介词短语与固定搭配专练(B)1. (2021·安徽中考)Your village is really beautiful! Thank you. , all the villages here have taken on a new look.  A. For exampleB. In factC. First of allD. As a result(B)2. (2020·鄂州中考)Although the man is in his eighties, he grows vegetables in his garden.  A. in publicB. in personC. in silenceD. in fact(A)3. (2020·山西中考)As students, were supposed to go to the museum often. We can get more knowledge from the things .  A. on showB. on saleC. on land(A)4. (2021·海南中考)It is said Zhang Sanfeng created tai chi(太极)after watching a fight between a snake and a bird. , many movements in tai chi have names of animals.  A. In factB. In totalC. In time(D)5. (2020·咸宁中考) I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey. You shouldnt watch TV too much. Its bad your eyes.  A. withB. inC. onD. for 五、准确记忆法解固定搭配题介词在一些短语中的固定搭配用法, 须特殊记忆。(如15)as for至于instead of代替ahead of在之前according to 根据away from远离because of因为far from远离such as 例如after all毕竟【语法心得】_关闭Word文档返回原板块