2022年中考英语人教版复习学案-专题七动词和动词短语.docx

专题七动词和动词短语考点一 动词的分类及用法分类特点举例行为动词及物动词后面必须跟宾语We love our country. 不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语He is standing. 系动词后面跟表语, 构成系表结构She is a good student. 情态动词与其后的动词原形共同构成谓语I can swim. 助动词beam/is/are+现在分词现在进行时was/were+现在分词过去进行时be+过去分词被动语态He is reading. It was raining heavily at that time. Trees are planted every year. do形式有do, does, did, 用于构成疑问句和否定句, 或用在动词前加强语气Do you go to school on foot? I dont know what to do. We did have a good time there. havehave/has + 过去分词 现在完成时had+过去分词过去完成时I have just finished my homework. When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. will/shallwill/shall + 动词原形 一般将来时Will you drive me home? 【拓展迁移】1. 动词后面直接跟宾语的就是及物动词, 不直接跟宾语就是不及物动词。如: He works very hard. (vi. )He studies English very hard. (vt. )2. 助动词do/did可以代替前面出现的动词, 以避免重复。如: Who cleaned the window? Jim did. 考点二 动词的形式1. 动词第三人称单数的构成规律词尾形式变化规则举例一般情况在词尾加-sswim swims; leave leaves以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾在词尾加-esdo does; pass passes以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾变y为i再加-esstudy studies; carry carries不规则变化have has读音规则一般情况读/z/。在清辅音/p/, /k/, /t/, /f/ 后读/s/。在/s/, /z/, /t/, /d/之后读/iz/2. 现在分词的构成规律词尾形式变化规则举例一般情况直接加-ingplay playing; read reading以不发音的e结尾去e加-inglive living; write writing以重读闭音节结尾, 且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ingput putting; sit sitting以ie结尾改ie为y再加-ingdie dying; lie lying3. 动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规律(1)规则动词过去式构成规则词尾形式规则举例一般情况加-edplant plantedplay played以e结尾加-dlive livedchange changed以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i再加-edcarry carriedstudy studied以重读闭音节或r音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母, 再加-edstop stopped prefer preferred注意: 规则动词的过去分词与过去式一样。(2)不规则动词归纳ABB型不规则动词(A代表动词原形, BB代表过去式过去分词相同)原形特征过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep, sweep, sleep-ell-old-oldsell, tell-end-ent-entlend, spend, send-ay-aid-aidsay, pay-n-nt-ntburn, learn, mean-ought-oughtbring, buy, fight, think-aught-aughtcatch, teachABC型不规则动词原形特征过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak, speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear, bear, tear-ow-ew-owngrow, blow, know, throw-i-a-u-sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin-i-o-ndrive, rise, ride, writeAAA型不规则动词击中、受伤、让、吐痰、去掉、花费、读、放、砍。(hit)(hurt)(let) (spit)(rid)(cost) (read)(put)(cut)【语法串记】巧记动词加-s或-es 动词有三单, 词尾常把 -s添。词尾若是s, ch, sh, 直接加上-es。词尾有字母x或o, 加上-es不用愁。辅音字母加y, 要把y变 i。【语法串记】现在分词构成歌诀现在分词用途多, 进行时态不可缺。它的构成很好记, 动词后缀-ing。词尾若有哑音e, 去e再加没问题。一辅重读闭音节, 这个字母要双写。还有一点要注意, 改ie为y再加-ing。【语法串记】规则动词过去式构成口诀过去式构成有规律, 一般词尾加-ed。如果词尾有个e, 直接加-d就可以。“辅音字母+y”, 先变y为i。“一辅重闭”作尾巴, 双写之后-ed加。【图解】ABB型【图解】ABC型【图解】AAA型考点三 常用动词短语的构成及用法1. 动词 + 介词break into破门而入; come from来自; deal with处理、对付; depend on依靠; get over 克服; laugh at 嘲笑; look after 照顾; look for 寻找; hear from收到来信; take after与相像; stand for 代表; send for派人去请; wait for等候2. 动词 + 副词 come up 提出; cheer up使振奋、高兴; clean up打扫干净; fix up修理; give in 屈服; give away赠送, 分发; hold on坚持、等一会; put up建立、发布; think over仔细考虑; wake up 醒来 3. 动词 + 副词 + 介词add up to合计达; catch up with赶上; come up with 提出; get away from 逃离; keep away from远离; keep on with继续做; look down upon/on 蔑视; look forward to 期盼4. 动词+名词+介词make contributions to对做出贡献; make friends with与交朋友; make fun of 取笑; make progress in在上取得进步; take care of照顾; take part in参加; take pride in以为骄傲; pay attention to注意5. 动词+名词lose heart 灰心; make faces做鬼脸; make friends交朋友6. be+形容词+介词be fond of喜欢; be afraid of害怕; be famous for以出名; be good at擅长; be ready for 为做准备; be proud of 以为自豪【拓展迁移】1. “动介词组”其后需要带宾语。2. “动副词组”作及物动词时, 如果名词作宾语, 宾语可以放在动副词组的后边, 也可放在中间。但代词作宾语时, 宾语要放在中间。3. “动副介词组”后跟宾语时, 宾语置于介词之后。【练真题】一、动词的分类及用法(C)1. (2021·黄石中考)I wonder if this glass is Toms. It _be his. His was broken just now.  A. mustntB. may notC. cantD. shouldnt(A)2. (2021·南京中考)The drama Yuhuayao _citizens in Nanjing with a chance to learn and listen to the Partys history.  A. providedB. guarded C. comparedD. protected(C)3. (2021·青海中考)Mom is cooking chicken soup; it _so good.   A. soundsB. tastesC. smells(D)4. (2021·滨州中考) Henry, did you drive back to your hometown during the Spring Festival? No, I was _to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest at that time.  A. praised B. taught C. warned D. advised【明策略】一、三步解决动词用法题Step 1: 确定所给选项的含义; Step 2: 分析语境, 找出关键词或前后的逻辑关系; Step 3: 确定正确答案。【练真题】二、动词的五种形式1. (2021·龙东中考)Miss Gao tries to make her students express(express) their ideas. 2. (2020 ·安顺中考) Beijing Opera, an important part of Chinese culture, has (have) a history of over 200 years. 3. (2021·龙东中考)Attending(attend) the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is his dream. 4. (2021·龙东中考)Students should have some basic life skills, including(include)cooking, washing and cleaning. 5. (2021·永州中考)When it comes to my birthdays, I would like to invite my friends to watch(watch) a movie.  6. (2021·包头中考) She locked(lock) the front door and went outside. 7. (2020·泰州中考) Could you tell me what the sign means? Keep distance in public places to avoid catching(catch) a virus. 8. (2021·包头中考) He became interested in collecting(collect) kites after he watched a documentary. 【明策略】二、判断动词形式的四种技巧: 1. 慧眼识别标志词。如情态动词后用原形; 出现yesterday等明显的时间状语时, 要用相对应的时态。2. 细心体会辨语境。要理解上下文想表达的语境, 判断用什么时态。3. 主从时态要呼应。如在条件状语从句中, 主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时。4. 固定搭配要牢记。如invite sb. to do sth. 【练真题】三、动词的辨析(B)1. (2021·荆州中考)Do you know Zhang Guimei, who was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”? Yes, she _the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1, 800 students to go to college.  A. educatedB. createdC. memorizedD. dreamed(A)2. (2021·绥化中考) Mum, could you help me_my toy car? I cant_it any where!  A. look for; findB. find; look forC. look; find out(A)3. (2021·乐山中考) The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you _a life without it?  A. imagineB. expectC. understand【明策略】三、三步解决动词辨析题Step 1: 首先根据前后语境确定句意; Step 2: 根据固定搭配, 或动词后的成分, 找出动词的细微差别; Step 3: 确定正确答案。【练真题】四、动词短语(A)1. (2021·海南中考) What are you going to be when you _?   I want to be a doctor like Wu Mengchao. A. grow upB. turn upC. get up(D)2. (2021·黔东南州中考)Our government is looking for some ways, including the 3-child policy (政策) to _the problem of ageing population (人口老龄化).  A. agree withB. start withC. compare withD. deal with(D)3. (2020·苏州中考)Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message? Dont you know that, Amy? They _“keep in touch”.  A. search for B. ask for C. go for D. stand for【明策略】四、动词短语巧辨析1. “同一动词+不同介词或副词”, 辨析后面的介词或副词; 2. “不同动词+同一介词或副词”, 辨析动词; 3. “不同动词+不同介词或副词”, 分析句意。关闭Word文档返回原板块