2022年中考英语(百色专用)复习精讲教学案-专题1名词.docx

第二部分语法专题突破篇专题一名词可数名词和不可数名词(必考，选择填空、完形填空、选词填空、单词拼写考查)选择填空。(B)1.I'mthirsty.Thereissome_intheglass.Youcandrinkit.AbananasBwaterCpearsDapples(D)2.(2021梧州改编)Susan, wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?Yes, _please.AsomemilkBsomemilksCsomebreadsDsomebread(C)3.About200_wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.AGermanBAustralianCChineseDAmerican(B)4.Wouldyousendmesome_ofyours? Imissyouverymuch!A.magazinesBphotosCmoneyDadvice(B)5.(2021广元改编)Threefifthsoftheteachersinourschoolare_AmanteachersBmenteachersCwomanteachersDwomenteacher用所给单词的适当形式填空。6(2021盘锦)Sallythinksthatoldthingsalwaysbringbacksweetmemories(memory).7(2021长春)Peopleshowthankstonurses(nurse) becausetheytakegoodcareofpatients.8(2021贺州改编)Thedentistadvisesmetobrushmyteeth(tooth) threetimesaday.9(2021南京改编)Overtheyears, gongbaochickenhasbecomeoneofthemostpopulardishes(dish)inChineserestaurantsthroughouttheworld.单词拼写。10(原创题)Farmersareusuallybusyworkinginthefieldswhenautumn(秋天)comes.11Hurryup！Sometomatoes(西红柿) andeggsareonsaleinthesupermarket.12Youcan'teatmuchmeat(肉)，oryouwillputonweight.1可数名词变复数(1)基本构成规则一般情况下加“s”；以“s，x，sh，ch”结尾的加“­es”；以“辅音字母(即除了a，e，i，o，u之外的21个字母)y”结尾的，先变“y”为“i”，再加“­es”；以“f”或“fe”结尾的，先把“f”或“fe”变为“v”，再加“­es”。【助记口诀】小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)戴着围巾(scarf)站在书架(shelf)旁，拿着叶子(leaf)刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf)，结果捡了半(half)条命(life)回来。以“o”结尾的单词，加“­es”。【助记口诀】英雄(hero(2021、T85)喜欢吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)(2019、T30)。(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则变形元音字母变化。如：footfeet；manmen(2019、T75)；womanwomen(2018、T29)等。结尾为­ren。如：childchildren(2020、T72)。单复数同形。如：sheep(2021、T29)，fish，deer等。通常由不可分割的两部分构成的物品，只有复数形式。如：trousers，glasses等。不规则变化口诀男人(man)和女人(woman)有一个小孩(child)，小孩有脚(foot)有牙(tooth)，吃了东西引来了老鼠(mouse)。男人女人变复数，都是a变为e；孩子则在后面加个“人(ren)”；foot，tooth均将oo变为ee；老鼠尤爱吃大米(rice)，结果变成了mice。(3)表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。【助记口诀】中日不变，英法变，其余直接加s。如：ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenGermanGermans(特例，直接加s)(4)有些名词既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词，但意思有所不同。如：orange橙汁anorange橙子glass玻璃aglass玻璃杯/glasses眼镜chicken鸡肉somechickens小鸡(5)复合名词变复数：前面的名词是man或woman，变复数时，两个名词全部变成复数。如：男厨师mancookmencooks2不可数名词(1)常见不可数名词主要有以下几种：液体类water(2017、T29)，milk，juice，orange(橙汁)，coffee，tea，rain食物类meat，fish，chicken(2021、T29)，beef，pork，mutton，rice，salt，sugar，porridge，bread，wheat，food(通常作不可数)，fruit(通常作不可数)语言类Chinese，Japanese，English，French，German，Russian材料类metal，paper，glass(玻璃)，bamboo，cotton，silk，wool，wood，plastic续表其他类hair，advice，work，time，room(空间)，snow，ice，wind，sunshine，news，music(2020、T33)，weather，money，knowledge，homework，housework，help，information(2)不可数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。(3)可以由much，little，alittle等词修饰。如：Theyhavesavedmuchmoneyforfutureuse.他们存了很多钱以备未来使用。(4)与表示单位的量词连用。如：apieceofpaper一张纸apairofshoes一双鞋twopairsofshoes两双鞋注意：此类短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于单位量词。名词所有格(2015/2014考，选择填空考查)选择填空。(C)1.(广西文化特色题)Onthethirddayofthethirdlunar(农历) month，peopleinGuangxiwillhavea_holiday.AthreedayBthreedaysCthreedays'Dthreeday's(A)2.(2021西宁)Whatacleanandtidyroom!Yes.It's_room.ATinaandNina'sBTina'sandNinaCTinaandNinaDTina'sandNina's(C)3.Afriend_pickedmeupatthestation.Aofmycousin'Bmycousin'sCofmycousin'sDmycousin用所给单词的适当形式填空。4Theshopsells_men's_(man) wallets.5TeachersinWesterncountrieshaveathree_months'_(month) holidayinayear.6I'llgivemyEnglishteacheracardon_Teachers'_(teacher) Day.7March8this_Women's_(woman) Day.8It'san_hour's_(hour) ridefromheretothemuseum.名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式，具体用法如下：类型用法示例's所有格常用于有生命的名词单数名词一般直接在词尾加'smysister'sbook我妹妹的书以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加'Teachers'Day教师节不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加'sChildren'sDay儿童节Women'sDay妇女节如果某物为两者共同所有，只需在后一个名词词尾加's；如果某物为两者各自所有，则在两个名词后面都加's(2014、T30)MikeandBen'sroom迈克和本的房间(共同所有)Mike'sandBen'srooms迈克(的房间)和本的房间(各自所有)“名词's”可以表示“某人家/店铺/诊所”等场所atMr.Green's在格林先生家atthedentist's在牙医的诊所有些表示时间、距离、国家、机构等的无生命名词，也可以在词尾加's构成所有格(2015、T32)twohours'exercise锻炼两小时fiveminutes'walk五分钟的步行路程of所有格常用于无生命的名词thelegsofthedesk桌腿双重所有格of's所有格afriendofmyfather's我爸爸的一个朋友of名词性物主代词afriendofmine我的一个朋友名词词义辨析(仅2019未考，选择填空、完形填空考查)选择填空。(B)1.Theboyhasbeenmissingforfivedaysandhisparentsareworriedabouthis_.AattentionBsafetyCactionDgrowth(D)2.(2021贵港覃塘区一模)Thisismycousin'sfamily_Theytookitlastweek.Howhappythefamilyis!AaddressBnumberCnameDphoto(A)3.MostwomeninWesterncountriesprefertokeeptheiragea_.Soneveraskthemhowoldtheyare.AsecretBsubjectCchangeDpresent(D)4.(2021贵港)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink, Judy?Yes.Some_isOK.AbreadBicecreamCsaladDmilk(A)5.(2021天水)Iftheweatherisnice, wecouldhavea(n)_inthepark.ApicnicBchanceCplaceDidea(A)6.(2021黔东南州)Mr.Yangrunsatleasthalfanhoureveryday.Whatagood_！Nowonderhelooksfit.AhabitBideaCruleDskill(B)7.(2021安徽)Haveyoueverheard“Athousandmilejourneybeginswiththefirst_”？Yes.It'safamousChinesesayingbyLaozi.AclassBstepCbreakDexam1同类名词词义辨析同类名词词义辨析主要涉及食物饮品类、职业称谓类、身体部位类和地点场所类单词。对于此类试题，只要准确分析语境和前后文的逻辑关系就可轻松确定答案。如：感到口渴则需要喝水或饮料(2017、T29)；借书可以去图书馆；买蔬菜可以去超市(2015、T31)；若要看病就要去医院等等。此外，学生在复习时可以结合晨读背记手册中的常见名词来记忆。2不同类名词词义辨析此类试题的特点是：所给选项为不同类别的名词。解答此类试题的关键是理解各个选项的含义，然后结合语境寻找突破口，从而确定正确答案。3近义名词词义辨析关于近义名词词义辨析的考查一般在选择填空和完形填空中涉及。学生在做此类试题时，首先应该分析题干，找到句子中的关键词，然后分析各选项，快速区分其用法的不同点，最后根据语境确定答案。第一编中讲解和总结了若干组近义名词辨析，学生可有针对性地进行复习巩固。名词拼写(必考，单词拼写考查)用所给单词的适当形式填空。1Therearelotsofpotatoes(potato) inthebasket.2(2021常德改编)Look！Thechildren(child) arehavingagoodtimeflyingkitesinthepark.3TherearefourJapanese(Japanese) andtwoGermans(German)inthisgroup.4(2021包头)Weweretouchedbythewarmth(warm) ofthewelcome.5Herearesomephotos(photo) ofmylittlebrother.单词拼写。6Heboughtanicehousewithabiggarden(花园).7(2021北海二模)Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithlonghistoryandcolorfulculture(文化).8Couldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress(地址)?9Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforourhealth(健康).10(2021宜宾)“LetnoChinesegohungry！”hasbeenthedream(梦想) ofthegreatheroYuanLongping.通过分析百色近8年中考“单词拼写”题型，可以发现名词拼写是必考题型之一。下面就名词拼写题型作简要的方法指导。1如何判断空格处填名词(1)在句中作主语(2020、T81；2019、T81)；(2)位于动词(2014、T79)或介词(2016、T81&T82；2014、T81)后作宾语；(3)位于形容词(2021、T71；2020、T85；2017、T83)或形容词性物主代词(2019、T78&T80；2015、T76；2014、T82)后；(4)位于this，many(2021、T80)，some，any，alotof，every，all(2021、T85)等限定词后；(5)位于冠词后(2018、T76&T83；2017、T82；2016、T76；2015、T79)；(6)位于数词后；(7)固定用法或搭配(2017、T76；2016、T84；2015、T80&T81)。2如何判断空格处填单数名词还是复数名词(1)填单数：a/an可数名词单数(2018、T76&T83；2017、T82)；可数名词单数/不可数名词单数谓语动词；专有名词；this/that/every可数名词单数；根据上下文语境。(2)填复数：more/some/many/several/these可数名词复数；大于1的基数词可数名词复数；固定用法或搭配；常以复数出现的名词；根据上下文语境。名词语法失分点规避点拨与针对练失分点所给词是名词，但不知道如何正确变形(1)确定空格处填名词，却不知用单数还是复数；(2)确定填名词复数，却不知它属于规则变形还是不规则变形；(3)名词与名词、动词(2020、T80)、形容词(2021、T80)之间的转换。例题：观察下列小题并试着做一做。1havedifferent_(class)2a_(sun) day3tobea_(science)4brushour_(tooth)5twoEnglish_(teach)【点拨】1.侧重考查“different(不同的)名词复数”的用法，注意class的复数形式是在词尾加­es；2.空格处为形容词，修饰名词day，此处表示“晴朗的一天”，sun对应的形容词为sunny；3.词组意为“成为一名科学家”，science表示“科学”，其另一种名词形式为scientist，表示“科学家”。类似的词还有music(音乐)musician(音乐家)；piano(钢琴)pianist(钢琴家)；artartist(艺术家)(更多对应词见晨读背记手册中的“词性转换集锦”)；4.刷牙为固定用法，注意其不规则变化形式为teeth；5.词组意为“两名英语教师”，two后接名词复数，teach的名词形式为teacher，为规则变化。【对应练习】用所给单词的适当形式填空。1some_tomatoes_(tomato)2apairof_shoes_(shoe)3receiveaninvitation(invite)4ten_books_(book)5treesand_flowers_(flower)6a_beautiful_(beauty) place一、选择填空。(C)1.(2021恩施州改编)Myuncleworksinahospital, andheisa_AdoctorsBteacherCdoctorDteachers(A)2.Everyonehadadifferent_aboutthespringouting，sowecouldn'tmakeadecision.AopinionBinterestCmemberDrelation(C)3.(2021东营)I'vegota“C”intheEnglishtest.Canyougivemesome_？Ofcourse.Ithinkreadingcanhelp.AmessagesBinformationCsuggestionsDinstructions(C)4.(2021北部湾)What'syourfavouritesport?Ilike_AmathsBspringCtennisDmilk(D)5.Several_aretalkingunderthetree，andtheir_areplayingballsonthebeach.Awoman；childrenBwomen；childCwoman；childDwomen；children(B)6.What'syourfavorite_？JourneytotheWest.TheMonkeyKingcanmake72changestohisshapeandsize.AcolorBbookCfoodDbag(C)7.(2021达州)IfyouwanttobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshan, hardworkisthekeyto_AtreasureBbeautyCsuccessDhealth(B)8.(2021福建改编)Couldyoutellmethe_ofthesweater?Yes.It's￥125.A.colorBpriceCshapeDnumber(C)9.(2021安顺改编)ThemovienamedALittleRedFlowershows_lovefortheirchildren.AparentsBparent'sCparents'Dparent(A)10.Nobodythoughtiteasytofinishsomuchworkin_.Atwodays'timeBtwo­daystimeCtwoday'stimeDtwodaystime二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1Theteachertellsstories(story)tothesekidseveryday.2Sallyisanhonestgirl.Shealwaystellsthetruth(true).3(2021北部湾)Flowersandflags(flag) areeverywhereatthefestival.4(2021北海二模)Whoisthatwomaninbrowncoat?Sheisanartist(art) whoseworkIreallyadmire.5(2021云南)AsaTVreporter_(report), it'smydutytotellthetruthtothepublic.三、单词拼写。1What'sthe_weather_(天气) liketoday?2Inmostcountries，Thanksgivingisusuallyonthefourth_Thursday_(星期四) inNovember.3(2021南宁马山县一模)Ithinkwealth(财富) isn'tthemostimportantthinginourlife.4TheChineseSpringFestivalusuallycomesinJanuaryorFebruary(二月)5Manyteenagerswanttobedoctors(医生)likeZhongNanshanwhentheygrowup.6(2021安徽改编)Oursuccessliesinworkingtogetherasateam(团队).7(2021嘉兴改编)Annawasthepride(骄傲) oftheschoolaftershewonthespeechcompetition.8(2021杭州改编)Asthesayinggoes, “Anapple(苹果) adaykeepsthedoctoraway.”