2022届初中英语二轮复习重难点题型讲解训练专题03完形填空之议论文含解析.docx

专题03 完形填空之议论文议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。中考中常见的议论型完形填空分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型完形填空；另一种是纯议论型完形填空。Part 1考情分析议论文是中考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1) 开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去论证论点。有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据。最后总结全文。(2) 导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，最后用具体的论据去论证自己的论点。(3) 最后提出论点。在有些议论文中，一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点。文章通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，找出每段的主旨句。找出了每段的主旨句也就把握了文章的脉络，这样理解文意就容易了。 Part 2解题思路1.首句制胜，论点明确把握首句，这样就可以迅速找到文章所要论证的观点，进而理解全文的主旨大意。英语议论文中绝大部分首句就是全文的论点，而且通常每段的首句就是主题句(topic sentence)。因此抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。【例1】How many times has this happened to you？You're trying to pass a crowded sidewalkAnd someone talking or texting on a cell phone slows you down，or worse，（75）_youWhat if we could put these multi taskers（一心二用的人）into their own lane，freeing up half of the sidewalk for pedestrians（行人）who are paying attention？That's the idea behind the new show Mind Over MassesThe show created a separate lane on a Washington，DC sidewalk for those who wanted to look at their phones，while the other lane was for （76）_walkersIt was part of a behavior experiment by the National Geographic Channel in the USHowever，the experiment didn't really work（77）_it could have because a lot of phone users didn't notice the markings at all "it's no surprise walkers didn't notice the lanes because they were（78）_looking at their phones，"said YahooChecking phones on the go is just one of a few annoying things about modern mobile phone usageBelow are some phone etiquettes（礼仪） tips provided by the GuardianYou should reply to messagesit's very frustrating to text a friend who takes a long time to reply，yet（79）_to update their statuses（状态）on their social networking sites in the meantimeYou should pick a nice ringtoneNo one appreciates it when an annoying ringtone breaks into what they're doing.You should not visit someone's home and immediately ask for Wi-FiDo you seriously want to climb over the back of the couch，grab the router（路由器），and read the Wi-Fi password off the back of it？（80）_go to your friend's home，drink and eat what your host gives you， and chat face to face75 A） runs awayB） runs out ofC） runs intoD） runs after76 A） slowerB） quickerC） more carefulD） more patient77 A） as well asB） as soon asC） as good asD） as long as78 A） too afraidB） too busyC） too carefulD） too difficult79 A） failsB） succeedsC） managesD）enables80 A） InsteadB） Instead ofC） In additionD）In return【详解】75C 考查短语A） runs away 逃跑；B） runs out of 耗尽；C） run into sb撞到某人身上；D） runs after追求，追赶 根据前句you're trying to pass a crowded sidewalk And someone talking or texting on a cell phone slows you down，or worse，你正试图穿过拥挤的人行道而在手机上聊天或发短信会让你慢下来可知更糟糕的是，会撞到你身上故选C76 C 考查形容词A） slower 缓慢的；B） quicker快些的； C） more careful更仔细，更小心； D） more patient更耐心 根据前句 The show created a separate lane on a Washington， DC sidewalk for those who wanted to look at their phones，这个节目为那些想看手机的人在华盛顿特区的人行道上开辟了一条独立的车道 可知而另一条车道则是更小心的行人故选C77 A 考查短语as as表示同一样根据前后句However， the experiment didn't really workit could have because a lot of phone users didn't notice the markings at all可知然而，这个实验并没有达到它所能达到的效果，因为很多手机用户根本没有注意到这些标记as as表示同一样结合本题应该用well修饰动词work意为这个实验并没有达到它所能达到的效果故选A78 B 考查形容词A） too afraid太害怕； B） too busy太忙； C） too careful太仔细； D） too difficult太困难 根据前句"it's no surprise walkers didn't notice the lanes步行者没有注意到车道，这并不奇怪可知因为他们忙着看手机故选B79 A 考查动词A） fails失败； B）succeeds 成功；C） manages管理，经营； D）enables使能够 根据前句it's very frustrating to text a friend who takes a long time to reply，可知给一个需要很长时间回复的朋友发短信是非常令人沮丧的，但同时也没有在社交网站上更新他们的状态故选A80 A 考查副词A） Instead代替，常位于句尾或句首，表示"代替"、"反而、却"的意思； B）Instead of代替，是短语介词，意思是"代替"、"而不是"它后面一般接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语作它的宾语； C） In addition 另外；D）In return回报 根据前句Do you seriously want to climb over the back of the couch， grab the router（路由器）， and read the WiFi password off the back of it？你真的想爬到沙发后面，拿上路由器，然后从后面读取WiFi密码吗？ 可知相反，去你朋友的家里喝酒，吃主人提供给你的东西，然后面对面地聊天故选A2.结构清晰，脉络有序议论型完形填空的三要素：论点、论据和论证。它们一般有序地安排在引子、正文、结论这一议论文的一般结构中。能说明论据主要内容的答案，可以在论点里得到印证，而论点的答案也可以与论据结合起来，这样论点、论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，逻辑流畅，都会使用一些连接词。如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence, hence, also, personally, further more, definitely, surely, undoubtedly, obviously, additionally, besides, likewise, for the sake of, firstl等。3.按一定的方法论证议论型完形填空都是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法(分析个别事物，达到共同点，得出结论)；推理法(从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论)；对照法(正反对照，分析说明，得出结论)；驳论法(阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点)。【例2】Friends are very important in our everyday lifeEveryone needs friendsWe all like to feel close to someone（1）_is nice to have a friend to talk，laugh，and do things with Certainly， sometimes we need to be aloneWe don't always want people（2）_ But we would feel lonely if we（3）_had a friendNo two people are just the sameFriends（4）_don't get on wellThat doesn't mean that they no longer like each otherMost of the time they will make up（言归于好）and become（5）_againSometimes friends move awayThen we feel very（6）_We miss them very much，but we can（7）_them and write to themAnd we can（8）_new friendsIt is encouraging to find out how much we like new people when we get to know themThere's more good news for people who have friendsThey live（9）_than people who don'tWhy？Friends can make us feel happy（10）_happy helps you stay wellOr it could be much better that someone caresIf someone cares about you，you take better care of yourself（1）A ItB HeC ThereD Someone（2）A aloneB awayC all overD around（3）A everB neverC justD really（4）A alwaysB sometimesC oftenD usually（5）A sistersB cousinsC classmatesD friends（6）A angryB sadC happyD alone（7）A callB askC tellD talk（8）A look forB findC makeD know（9）A longerB shorterC slowerD faster（10）A SmellingB BeingC SoundingD Making【详解】1A：考查代词及语境的理解句意：有一个朋友可以谈话、一起笑、一起做事情是非常好的这句话中使用的句型是It is +形容词+ to do sth 做某事是的在这个句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式故应选A，其他的代词都不能做形式主语2D：考查副词及语境的理解句意：我们不想让人们在周围alone 一个人，独自；away 离开；all over 遍及；around在周围根据上一句话sometimes we need to be alone的意思可知，有时候我们也需要一个人呆着，不想让别人在我们的周围故选D3B：考查副词及语境的理解句意：但是如果我们从没有过朋友，我们就会感到孤独ever 曾经；never 从不；just 仅仅，只；really真的根据句意可知But we would feel lonely if we（3）had a friend，有时候我们需要一个人呆着，但是如果从来就没有过朋友的话，就会感到孤独故选B4B：考查副词及语境的理解句意：朋友之间有时候也相处不好always 总是；sometimes 有时候；often 经常；usually通常朋友之间因为个性的不同，有时候也会相处不好don't get on well，而不是总是、通常或经常故选B5D：考查名词及语境的理解句意：大多数时候，他们会言归于好好，在重新成为朋友sisters姐妹；cousins表姐妹；classmates同学；friends朋友根据这一段的意思Most of the time they will make up （言归于好）and become（5）again可知，朋友之间也要发生矛盾的时候，但是他们最终还会言归于好，再次成为朋友故选D6B：考查形容词及语境的理解句意：有时候，朋友可能搬走了，于是我们就会感到伤心angry 生气的；sad 伤心的；happy 快乐的；alone独自，一个人根据前一句话的意思可知Sometimes friends move away，朋友如果搬走了的话，我们会感到伤心故选B7A：考查动词及语境的理解句意：我们会非常的想念他们，但是我们可以给他们打电话或写信call 打电话；ask 问；tell 告诉；talk with和某人谈话根据上文的意思可知Sometimes friends move away，We miss them very much如果朋友搬走了，我们可以给他们打电话或写信，跟他们保持联系故选A8C：考查动词及语境的理解句意：我们也可以交新朋友look for 寻找；find 找到，发现；make 制作，这里是make friends 交朋友；know知道根据new friends的意思可知，如果原来的朋友搬走了，我们还可以交新朋友故应该用make9A：考查形容词及语境的理解句意：有朋友的人比没有朋友的人活得更长longer 更长；shorter 更短；slower 更慢；faster更快根据句意及下文There's more good news for people who have friends They live（9）than people who don't Why？ Friends can make us feel happy可知，有朋友的人比没有朋友的人活得更长，因为他们更快乐，这样身体就会更健康故选A10B：考查动词及语境的理解句意：朋友可以使我们快乐，快乐就可以帮助你保持身体健康smelling 的原形是smell，意思是闻，闻起来；sounding 的原形是sound，意思是听起来；making 的原形是make，意思是使，制作；空后的happy 是一个形容词，故用being，being happy 是一个动名词形式在句中做主语故选B精讲精练【例题1】 At night， you fall asleep while listening to beautiful musicIn the morning， you are （1）_ up by the singing of birds outsideYou can enjoy all of these things because of one important organ（器官）the earsMarch 3is Ear Care DayIt helps us remember the （2）_of our ears and encourages us to take good care of themYou may wonder： how do the ears （3）_？ The ear has three different parts：the outer ear，the middle ear，and the inner earThe outer ear is the part you can seeIt collects（4）_around youThe sound then travels down to the middle ear，the inner ear and then to your brainYour ears never stop working，even （5）_you are asleep! That's why you may sometimes wake up suddenly in the middle of the nightyour brain （6）_ something， but you don't know what it was， since you were asleepBut ears do more than hearThey help you keep your balance，tooIn the inner ear， there are organs that are filled （7）_liquid（液体）and covered in small hairsWhen you move your head， the liquid and hairs move， tooThey send（8）_to your brain about the position of your headMore surprisingly，ears even help with （9）_foodIf something happens to your ears，you may have a hard time telling different tastes， according to the website of People's DailyThe ears are（10）_important organs Everyone should make sure to protect their own ears as well as they can1 A takenB cheeredC wokenD dressed2 A sizeB importanceC differenceD shape3 A moveB tasteC smellD work4 A airB lightC soundD heat5 A whenB beforeC untilD since6 A noticedB heardC sawD watched7 A ofB withC byD in8 A messagesB newsC picturesD signs9 A touchingB feelingC tastingD eating10 A quicklyB slowlyC freelyD truly【答案】CBDCA BBACD【解析】1 C 考查动词，A taken带走 B cheered欢呼 C woken醒来的 D dressed打扮， 根据 In the morning，结合后文by the singing of birds outside，可知是指在早晨被外面的鸟叫声吵醒，故选C2 B 考查名词，A size尺寸 B importance重要性 C difference不同 D shape 形状，根据encourages us to take good care of them鼓励我们好好照顾耳朵，可知耳朵是很重要的，故选B3 D 考查动词，A move移动 B taste尝起来 C smell闻起来 D work工作， 根据后面的内容，可知描述的是耳朵的工作原理，所以此处是指耳朵是"如何"工作的，故选D4C 考查名词，A air空气 B light光 C sound声音 D heat 热度，根据后文The sound then travels down to the middle ear然后声音会传播到中耳，可知外耳廓的作用是收集周围的声音，故选C5 A 考查连词，A when当时 B before在之前 C until直到 D since 自从，根据Your ears never stop working， even you are asleep，结合选项，推出句意：你的耳朵一直在工作，甚至在你睡觉的时候，故选A6 B 考查动词，A noticed注意到 B heard听到 C saw看到 D watched 观看，根据上一句Your ears never stop working， even （5）A you are asleep!可知说的是耳朵在睡眠状态下也在工作，所以睡着的时候可以"听到"声音，故选B7B 考查介词，A of的 B with和一起 C by被 D in在里面， 根据are filled liquid，结合选项，可知考查短语be filled with被充满，故选B8 A 考查名词，A messages信息 B news新闻 C pictures图片 D signs 标记，根据to your brain ，可知大脑接受身体传输的信息，故选A9C 考查动词A touching触觉 B feeling感觉 C tasting品尝 D eating吃， 根据后文If something happens to your ears， you may have a hard time telling different tastes，如果你的耳朵出了问题，你可能很难分辨出不同的味道，推出耳朵还有帮助品尝味道的功能故选C10 D 考查副词，A quickly快速地 B slowly慢慢地 C freely自由地 D truly 真实地，根据Everyone should make sure to protect their own ears as well as they can每个人都应该尽量保护自己的耳朵推出耳朵的确很重要，故选D【练习1】 Do people in different countries have the same idea of numbers？The unlucky number for Chinese people is usually 4 because it sounds like （1）_word"death".14 is （2）_ than 4 because of its sound tooOn the contrary，9 is a（3）_number for ChineseIt means "long" and "long life".8 is as （4）_as 18for they sound like "rich" and "certain rich" I（5）_ in Europe for a long time，and I find that in many western countries people don't like the number 13（6）_took me years to look for the reasonTill one of my foreign friends told me that there（7）_13 people at the Last Supper with Jesus Christ and then he was killedThat's （8）_it is an unlucky numberThey try not （9）_this number in many waysFor example，（10）_you go into a lift，you will not see the number 13in itMany people （11）_believe Friday the thirteenth is a very unlucky dayIt is usually （12）_Friday in NovemberThey are very careful （13）_that day such as driving slowlyIt is interesting to know how people like or dislike（14）_numbersHowever，we （15）_take it seriouslyAs long as the number is useful，it is a good number1AaBanCtheD/2AbadBbadlyCworseDthe worst3AluckBluckyCluckilyDluckiness4AgoodBwellCbetterDthe best5AstudyBstudiedCwill studyDhave studied6AThisBItCThatDThey7AisBwasCareDwere8AwhenBhowCwhyDwhat9AuseBusedCusingDto use10AifBbecauseCthoughDunless11AeverBneverCalsoDalready12AfourBthe fourCfourthDthe fourth13AonBatCinDwith14AanyBsomeCeachDevery15Acouldn'tBshouldn'tCmustn'tDwouldn't【答案】 CCBAD BDCDA CDABB【解析】1C 考查冠词 a和an是不定冠词，以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用athe是定冠词，表示强调根据句意是特指单词death，所以选择C2C 考查比较级结构bad坏的，原型，比较级是worse，最高级是worstbadly是副词，坏的，原型；根据后面的than可知要用比较级，故选择C3B 考查形容词 luck幸运，是名词它的形容词是lucky幸运的，副词是luckily幸运地，luckiness幸运，好运，根据后面number是名词，要用形容词，故选择B4A 考查形容词或副词原级A好；形容词；B好；副词；C比较级，D最高级；根据asas中要有原型，同时本题要用形容词作is的表语，故选择A5D 考查动词A原型； B过去式；C将来时，D完成时；根据后面for a long time一段时间要用完成时，故选择D6B 考查代词；根据后面took要用it作主语，固定用法，故选择B7D 考查系动词根据前面told可知时态是一般过去时，therebe句型，后面13people是复数形式，所以要用are的过去式were，故选择D8C 考查疑问词A当.时；B怎样；C为什么、D什么；根据上面That's （8）it is an unlucky number这里是解释了为什么13不是吉利数字，故选择C9D 考查动词根据题干，考查固定结构try not to do sth 试着别做某事，故选择D10A 考查连词；A如果；B因为；C虽然；D除非；根据you go into a lift，you will not see the number 13in it你进入电梯，你将看不到13，应该是假设，故选择A11C 考查副词A曾经；B从不；C也；D已经；根据Many people （11）believe Friday the thirteenth is a very unlucky day许多人（11）认为第十三个星期五，应该也是非常不吉利的一天，故选择C12D 考查序数词A4；B4；C第四；D第四；根据Friday in November应该是11月的第四个星期五，要用序数词，前面要加the，故选择D13A 考查介词根据后面that day具体的某一天要用介词 on，故选择A14B 考查形容词根据后面numbers是复数形式，先排除C、DA用于否定句或疑问句，B用于肯定句，本句It is interesting to know how people like or dislike（14）numbers是肯定句，故选择B15B 考查情态动词A不能；B不应该；C不必，表禁止；D不会；根据后面As long as the number is useful，it is a good number只要这个数字有用，它就是个好数字，这里take it seriously，应该是不应该当真，故选择B【例题2】 "Friends are treasure in our lives"，as the saying goesIt means that friends are really important for usI remember when I was growing up，my mom always（46）_，"Half the fun of doing anything is sharing it with others" It's true.Friends make （47）_enjoy the taste of our success and joy and comfort us in our challenging momentsThey provide a mirror for us to（48）_more about ourselvesI have always looked on friends as family （49）_They enrich our livesAs a famous writer said， "A friend is a present which you give（50）_"To be a good friend，it's important to be a good listenerListen to（51） _your friend says first rather than making a conclusion quicklySometimes it is（52）_to repeat their words back to themIt can help them realize whether their words are what