14新发明与创造-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读.docx

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-新发明与创造题型主要内容1完形填空讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。2阅读理解介绍久坐对身体有害，因此两条腿的椅子被发明出来，为了鼓励人们改变不好的习惯。3阅读理解介绍了一种名叫TTTV的电视，这个机器包括屏幕和盛调料的容器，人们可以通过舔屏幕而尝到来自世界各地食物的味道。4阅读理解介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦，挖掘中医宝藏，发现青蒿素的过程。青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生病。5短文填空讲述了清华大学学生柳济琛开发了一个叫做“光盘打卡”微信小程序，来帮助减少粮食浪费。01（2022·全国·九年级课时练习）In ancient times, the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world. In recent years, China once again has _1_ its ability to change the world with its “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, mobile payment, bike-sharing and online shopping.Do you know _2_ the new inventions can appear in China? The “four great new inventions” are _3_ related to Chinas high-tech innovation (创新). For example, the operating mode of bike-sharing is based _4_ the satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. This shows that Chinas high-tech innovation has greatly _5_ the quality of peoples lives.China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amount of _6_ that China has spent encouraging innovation. China is beginning to _7_ in innovation in some ways.“The four great new inventions have surely improved customer experience, and helped national and global(全球的) economy _8_ at the same time,” said Charlie Dai, principal analyst (首席分析师) of an American market research company.As a whole, all the Chinese are _9_ of their four new inventions. It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas. More and more foreigners _10_ to promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from Chinas innovation.1AseemedBappearedClookedDshowed2AwhenBwhatCwhyDwhere3AallBbothCneitherDnone4AinBonCtoDfrom5AimprovedBfinishedCinventedDwasted6ApeopleBwaterCelectricityDmoney7AtryBleadCwinDvalue8AdevelopBwarnCmeanDlive9AproudBtiredCboredDsatisfied10AaffordBrepeatChopeDwait02（2022·江西九江·二模）Sitting for longer than four hours a day increases a persons chance of suffering（患）illness.Benoit Maltaone, a designer （设计者） from France, discovered that office workers spent about 70 percent of the day sitting down. To solve the problem caused by it in modern working life, he came up with a great idea the two-legged chair, which is to encourage the user to move at his or her desk.The chair just has two legs and needs the user to balance （平衡） it. Although it looks dangerous, it can stop people from felling while using it. But the chair is a little uncomfortable, as the user has to keep it balanced. It is also good for other parts of the body, just like an exercise ball（姿势）._ Most people dont get much exercise during the day. People watch a lot of TV and work on computers. Many people suffer from spine （脊椎） problems. Companies are coming up with new products in our houses to make our lives easier. But trying to offer people an easier life causes lots of health problems.According to Benoit, the design is not about making money in the furniture （家具） market. It is to provide a product which tries to encourage people to move their whole body. The practice of this special chair can make people change their bad habits. It will encourage people to try to be more active.11What does the underlined word “it” refer to?AThe two-legged chair.BMoving at his or her desk.CSitting for too long.DThe great idea.12Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ _” in Paragraph 4.ASitting long is so common now.BDoing sports is so popular now.CWorking environment is so hard now.DKeeping healthy is so cool now.13Whats the purpose of this passage?ATo tell people how to keep away from sitting too long.BTo tell people how to stay away from health problems.CTo explain why people suffer from illness now.DTo show a two-legged chair designed to make people healthier.03（2022·浙江·松阳县教育局教研室一模）There are many TV cook shows where you wish you could reach through your screen and taste the delicious recipes yourself. Now, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step towards making that a reality, with the development of a lickable TV screen. The device is called Taste the TV (TTTV) and contains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples onto the surface of the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix to create tastes similar to those being shown on screen, for example, coffee or pizza. It is an experimental technology, produced by Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan, with its developers expecting a commercial version to cost about £650. Japanese professor Miyashita and 30 students have developed all kinds of taste types. In his version the 10 taste cans spray a mixture of samples on to a roll of hygienic (卫生的) film that is placed over a flat TV-screen. “During the COVID-19, this kind of technology can improve the way people connect and communicate with the outside world,” said Miyashita. “The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while at home,” he said. Miyashita has also been in talks with companies about using his spray technology for applications like a device that can apply a pizza or chocolate taste to a piece of toasted bread.14The passage tells us the invention of _.Atasty cansBTV cook showsCa film technologyDa lickable TV screen15Paragraph 3 talks about_.Awhat the device includesBhow the device worksCwhat the device is calledDwhy the device is invented16The writer uses what Miyashita says to express the _ of the invention.AwaysBpurposeCconditionsDimportance17From the passage, we know that the device is _.Awidely used nowBpopular with the JapaneseCstill in experimentDliked by restaurant owners04（2022·湖北·武汉外国语学校（武汉实验外国语学校）模拟预测）Malaria (疟疾) has been a deadly problem for humans since ancient times. Usually, people get malaria when infected mosquitoes bite them. Countless people have died from it. Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found an effective drug called qinghaosu (青蒿素). This year marks the 50th anniversary of Tus discovery. In 1969, Tu became the director of a national project to develop a drug against malaria. Her team took a unique approach. They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malaria. One remedy, which is 1, 600 years old, uses the sweet wormwood (青蒿) plant to treat malaria. Tu found it effective and tried to extract (提取) the qinghaosu from it in order to make drugs. The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972. After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves before testing on human patients. It turned out that qinghaosu was safe. All patients in the tests recovered. Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), saving millions of lives in China and other countries throughout the world. In 2015, when Tu was awarded with the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, she refused to take all of the credit (荣誉). Instead, she praised her colleagues and Chinese traditional medicine. She once proudly said, “Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”18According to the passage, to find an effective drug called qinghaosu is _.AimpossibleBuneasyCunexpectedDcomplicated19What do we know about the “qinghaosu”?AIt is extracted from the sweet wormwood plant at room-temperature.BTuYouyou and her team spent three years finding it out.CTu and all her teammates volunteered to test it on themselves.DIt has saved millions of lives around the world.20The underlined word “approach” in paragraph 2 probably means _.AideaBwayCdiscussionDdrug21We can find that Tu Youyou _.Atook all the credit by herselfBdid a lot and never gave upCsucceeded in curing malaria by accidentDwon the Nobel Prize shortly after the success22We can infer that the writers writing purpose is to _.Apraise traditional solution in ChinaBencourage young people to learn medicineCshow how the qinghaosu treats malariaDmake Chinese old remedies more popular05Liu Jichen, a student from Tsinghua University, has developed a WeChat mini-program called “Clear Plate”. _23_ a meal, users can open the mini-program and take a photo of their _24_ plates. Once the image is checked by the AI, users can collect points and use them to buy gifts or meals for children in poor _25_ . “Technology is a good way to _26_  the problem of food waste,” Liu thought. He organised a team of twenty members to work on the project. In order to improve the mini-program, the team _27_ half a year collecting over 100,000 photos in school dining halls and restaurants.  In 2018, the mini-program was put into use. Soon, it became one of _28_ most popular mini-programs in universities across China. Meanwhile, Liu and his team, together _29_ other organizations, started the “Clear Your Plate” campaign in November in the third year of his university. Almost 1.6 million college students were attracted and food waste was _30_  by 862 tons. “Through the campaign, we hope to encourage _31_ to take action against food waste,” he said.  Thanks to his great efforts, Liu stood out _32_ more than 7,600 people around the world and was rewarded one of the Young Leaders for the SDGs （可持续发展目标） by the UN.参考答案：1D    2C    3A    4B    5A    6D    7B    8A    9A    10C【导语】本文主要讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。1句意：最近这些年，中国又一次用“新四大发明”展示了改变世界的能力：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。seemed似乎；appeared出现；looked看；showed展示。根据“China once again hasits ability”可知，向世界展示它的能力，故选D。2句意：你知道为什么新发明能出现在中国吗？when什么时候；what什么；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“ The four great new inventionsarerelated to Chinas high-tech innovation”可知，本句话解释新四大发明出现的原因，故选C。3句意：“新四大发明”都与中国新科技的创新有关。all全部，表示三者及以上；both全都，表示两者之间；neither两个都不；none全都不。空格处表示都有关，四个大于三，故选A。4句意：例如，共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等高科技。in在里；on在上；to到；from从。base on“基于”，固定搭配，故选B。5句意：这展示了中国的高科技创新已经极大地提高了人们生活质量。improved提高；finished完成；invented发明；wasted浪费。根据“Chinas high-tech innovation has greatly the quality of peoples lives”可知，这些发明极大地提高了人们的生活水平，故选A。6句意：中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代，由于中国在鼓励创新上已经花费了大量的金钱。people人；water水；electricity电；money钱。空格处为that引导的定语从句，空格处的单词作spend的宾语，中国在鼓励创新上，花费了大量的金钱，故选D。7句意：中国将会在一些方面开始引领创新。try尝试；lead引导；win赢；value价值。根据“China is beginning to in innovation in some ways”可知，中国将引领创新，故选B。8句意：一家美国市场研究公司的首席分析师戴查理说：“新四大发明确实提高了客户体验，同时也帮助了国家和全球经济发展。”develop发展；warn警告；mean意味着；live居住。根据“helped national and global(全球的) economy”可知，此处指帮助经济发展，故选A。9句意：作为整体，所有的中国人以他们新四大发明而自豪。proud自豪的；tired劳累的；bored无聊的；satisfied满意的。根据“all the Chinese areof their four new inventions”可知，中国人都以这几个发明而自豪，故选A。10句意：越来越多的外国人希望通过学习中国的创新来促进自己国家的经济发展。afford支付得起；repeat重复；hope希望；wait等待。根据“promote (促进) economic development in their countries by learning from Chinas innovation”可知，他们希望能够促进自己国家的经济发展，故选C。11C    12A    13D【导语】本文介绍久坐对身体有害，因此两条腿的椅子被发明出来，为了鼓励人们改变不好的习惯。11词义推断题。根据“Benoit Maltaone, a designer （设计者） from France, discovered that office workers spent about 70 percent of the day sitting down.”可知it指代这句话中人们久坐的问题。故选C。12推理判断题。根据“Most people dont get much exercise during the day. People watch a lot of TV and work on computers.”可知本段介绍人们久坐这一现象，A选项“久坐很普遍现在”符合。故选A。13推理判断题。根据“To solve the problem caused by it in modern working life, he came up with a great idea the two-legged chair, which is to encourage the user to move at his or her desk.”和全文可知本文主要介绍两条腿椅子的发明，为了让人们改掉久坐的坏习惯。故选D。14D    15B    16B    17C【导语】本文介绍了一种名叫TTTV的电视，这个机器包括屏幕和盛调料的容器，人们可以通过舔屏幕而尝到来自世界各地食物的味道。14主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step towards making that a reality, with the development of a lickable TV screen.”和全文可知，主要介绍了可舔电视屏幕这项发明。故选D。15段落大意题。根据第三段“The device . contains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples onto the surface of the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix to create tastes similar to those being shown on screen”可知，这个设备有10个味觉罐，可以将味觉样本喷洒到屏幕表面；罐子里的不同味道可以混合在一起，创造出与屏幕上显示的味道相似的味道。由此可知，本段主要介绍这个设备是如何工作的。故选B。16推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while at home”可知，目标是让人们即使在家里也有可能体验到在世界另一端的餐馆吃饭的感觉；由此推知，作者引用Miyashita的话是为了说明这项发明的目的。故选B。17细节理解题。根据第四段“It is an experimental technology, produced by Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan”可知，这个设备现在还处于实验阶段。故选C。18D    19D    20B    21B    22A【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦，挖掘中医宝藏，发现青蒿素的过程。青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生病。18推理判断题。根据第2和3段“After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malariaThe extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972.”可知，找到一种名叫青蒿素的有效药物是很复杂的。故选D。19细节理解题。根据第四段中“Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), saving millions of lives in China and other countries throughout the world.”可知，青蒿素拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。故选D。20词义猜测题。根据下文“They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malariaThe extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way.”可知，可知此句“Her team took a unique approach.”句意为“她的团队采取了独特的方法。”划线部分意为“方法”，与“way”同义。故选B。21推理判断题。根据第二、三段“They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malariaThe extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972.”可知，屠呦呦做了很多工作，从来没有放弃过。故选B。22主旨大意题。本文讲述了屠呦呦和她的团队从中国古典药籍中发现了治疗疟疾的青蒿素。它成为了一线药物，在中国和世界各地挽救了数百万人的生命。由此可知，作者的写作目的是赞扬中国的传统解决方案。故选A。23 After     24empty    25areas    26solve    27 spent    28 the    29with    30reduced    31everyone#everyb