专题06押阅读理解之议论文-备战2023年中考英语临考题号押题(全国通用).docx

专题06 押阅读理解之议论文议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断)。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量， 二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法。总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）One teacher praises a student by saying “Youre so smart!” Another teacher says, “You must have worked really hard at this!” Which student does better in school? Studies show that students who hear the words of the second teacher will do better. Those students are learning that their effort is important. Psychologists (心理学家) looked at what students did after they were given different types of praise. Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didnt try very hard the next time. Other students were told that they had worked hard at a task. They worked even harder the next time. The first group of students was learning that they had a set amount of skill. They didnt think they could do any better. This is called a fixed mindset (思维模式). The second group was learning that they could do better if they kept trying. This is called a growth mindset. People who have a growth mindset believe that the brain can grow; people can do better and learn new skills. If they work hard, they can be successful. How can teachers and parents help students succeed? They can focus mainly on effort and not simply on ability. When students succeed, teachers and parents should praise the actual work rather than intelligence (智力) or talent. When students fail, they should be told how they can do better. Teachers, parents and students need to value effort, not intelligence. Beliefs of Fixed and Growth MindsetsFixed MindsetGrowth MindsetThings youre born with that cannot changeThings you can grow and improve with hard workSomething to avoidcould show lack of skillSomething importantleads to successThings to avoidin case you arent good enoughThings that help you learn1What kind of people have fewer chances to succeed according to the article?APeople with a growth mindset.BPeople with a fixed mindset.CPeople who often learn from challenges.DPeople who often learn from mistakes.2From the form we can know people with a growth mindset consider challenges as _.Athings theyre born withBthings they need to avoidCthings that help them learnDthings that stop them improving3How does the writer organize the ideas in the article?ABy telling stories.BBy listing numbers.CBy drawing mind maps.DBy comparing facts.【答案】1B 2C 3D【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了固定型思维和成长型思维的区别，告诉我们应该更注重后天努力，而不是与生俱来的智力才能。1推理判断题。根据“Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didnt try very hard the next time”及“The first group of students was learning that they had a set amount of skill. They didnt think they could do any better. This is called a fixed mindset（思维模式）.”可知，文章介绍了拥有固定型思维模式的学生在面对一项任务时，如果受到了夸赞表扬，那么下一次他们就不会再继续努力了，故可推知拥有固定型思维的人获得成功的机会较小。故选B。2推理判断题。根据表格最后一行Challenges中“Things that help you learn”可知，拥有成长型思维的人会把挑战视为可以帮助他们学习的事情。故选C。3推理判断题。根据第二段“Psychologists（心理学家）looked at what students did after they were given different types of praise. Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didnt try very hard the next time. Other students were told that they had worked hard at a task. They worked even harder the next time.”可知，文章第二段介绍了两组不同的学生在接受不同表扬后的行为表现，说明了固定型思维和成长型思维的不同；故文章通过对比事实来组织文章中心思想。故选D。（2022·四川绵阳·统考中考真题）Do you compare yourself to other people? Perhaps your best friend receives something you really want, or youre not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing (专注) on your own progress is important for your happiness. “We often compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves.” says Dr. Jack. “But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what youve achieved and excited about what you might do. Focusing on your own purposes is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.”Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing it. It can help us to be clear about our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, its important to remember that nobody is perfect in real life. Its also important to take note of how the comparison is making you feel. “If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths.” says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like “What can I do well in?”, which can help you trust yourself. Maybe here you are wondering “What if all my friends are better than me?”. Dr. White says that jealousy (妒忌) is not bad but focusing on bettering your own work can help you feel just as successful. He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.4What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 1?AWe should compare with others.BWe should share things with brothers.CWe should enjoy concerts with sisters.DWe should focus on our own progress.5Why should you compare yourself to your past self?ATo care about others.BTo change your purposes.CTo increase your excitement.DTo be proud of your achievements.6What does the underlined phrase “your own strengths” probably mean in Paragraph 3?Awhat youre good atBwhat youve understoodCwhat youre crazy aboutDwhat youve experienced7What does Dr. White suggest?ATrusting your friends.BCheering on tiny success.CCelebrating others success.DForming a deep friendship.8What would be the best title for the passage?APlan Your Own FutureBEnjoy Your Own HappinessCRun Your Own RaceDFollow Your Own Dream【答案】4D 5D 6A 7C 8C【导语】本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。4细节理解题。根据“Even though comparisons are common and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.”可知，尽管比较很常见，有时也有帮助，但关注自己的进步对你的快乐很重要。故选D。5细节理解题。根据“But I suggest comparing yourself to your past self and your future self. This can make you feel proud of what youve achieved and excited about what you might do.”可知，把自己和过去的自己进行比较，会让你对自己所取得的成就感到自豪。故选D。6词句猜测题。分析“If you begin to feel quite low, focus on your own strengths. says Jack. In other words, you can ask yourself questions like What can I do well in?, which can help you trust yourself.”可知，如果你开始感觉很低落，关注自己的优势，找到自己的优势，可以帮助你信任自己。your own strengths指的是优势。故选A。7细节理解题。根据“He also mentions that learning to celebrate your friends success can not only help to cheer your friends up but also help you feel good. It will encourage you to build each other up.”可知，怀特博士建议学会庆祝朋友的成功不仅能让你的朋友高兴起来，也能让你感觉良好，它会鼓励你们互相帮助。故选C。8最佳标题题。本文建议我们不要与别人比较，要专注于自己。选项C“走自己的路”符合主题。故选C。（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）阅读材料，选择最佳选项。Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it?Linda: We dont have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldnt be a reason to give up reading classics. As Francis Bacon said, “Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.”Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. As the old Chinese saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.” Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.Frank: Without background and life experiences, students cant understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.Mary: On the one hand, not all classics are suitable (合适的) for all students, as there are many difficult expressions and deep ideas. On the other hand, the special writing styles make it difficult for students to understand. So they wont probably choose them.9Who agrees with the idea of reading literary classics?ALinda & Curry.BLinda & Mary.CCurry & Frank.DFrank & Mary.10What does Curry think of literary classics?AThey improve students reading skills.BThey develop students interest in culture.CThey help students learn more words.DThey can change students personalities (个性).11Frank thinks classics are not worth reading because _.Athe writers live in different countriesBstudents prefer to read about life experiencesCstudents might pay more attention to words and expressionsDstudents might not understand the writing styles12Both Linda and Curry explain their ideas by _.Alisting examplesBshowing numbersCgiving quotes (引语)Dmaking comparisons (对比)13What does the passage talk about?AWhy literary classics become popular in high schools.BWhether high school students should read literary classics.CWhy high school students should read literary classics.DHow high schools should help students improve reading skills.【答案】9A 10B 11C 12C 13B【导语】本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。四个人给出他们各自的观点。9细节理解题。根据“Linda: We dont have enough life experiences, so we may have difficulty understanding the deeper classics. But this shouldnt be a reason to give up reading classics.”（Linda：我们没有足够的生活经验，所以我们可能难以理解更深层次的经典。但这不应该成为放弃阅读经典的理由。）以及“Curry: Classics are the treasures our ancestors left us. We should read them and pass them down. ”（Curry：经典是我们祖先留给我们的财富。我们应该阅读它们并将其传下去。）可知Linda和Curry同意阅读文学名著，故选A。10细节理解题。根据“Classics can open up our minds and develop our interest in culture.”可知Curry认为经典培养学生对文化的兴趣。故选B。11细节理解题。根据“Without background and life experiences, students cant understand what writers want to express in their classics. While reading, some students mainly pay attention to words and expressions rather than the hidden ideas. For this reason, reading classics might be a waste of time.”（没有背景和生活经历，学生们无法理解作家想要在他们的经典作品中表达什么。在阅读时，一些学生主要关注单词和表达，而不是隐藏的思想。因此，阅读经典可能是浪费时间。）可知Frank认为经典名著不值得读，因为学生可能会更注意单词和表达，故选C。12细节理解题。根据“As Francis Bacon said, Reading makes a full man; conference (谈话) a ready man; and writing an exact man.”以及“As the old Chinese saying goes, One who is filled with knowledge always behaves well.”可知Linda和Curry都通过引用名言来解释他们的想法，故选C。13主旨大意题。根据“Nowadays, experts call on high school students to read as many literary classics (文学名著) as possible. What do you think of it?”可知本文主要谈论了高中生是否应该读文学名著。故选B。（2022·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）Opinions on Life Skills EducationAlthough students are busy studying, it is important to remember another area of study life skills, such as washing clothes and growing vegetables. They are useful in our daily life. Here are some opinions about life skills education.Mrs. BlairChildren need to learn most of the life skills at school. As parents, we can help them take part in activities around the house and in the neighbourhood.Li PingWe have life skills classes at school. Theyre quite useful. They help prepare for everyday real-life situations, from washing dishes to preparing a meal. These classes give us knowledge we need to live on our own.KevinIm not sure whether it is necessary because I havent tried life skills classes yet. In my school, many students pay no attention to learning life skills. They dont think it will improve their chances of getting into college.MaryHaving life skills classes at school is important. Besides, there are other ways for us to learn life skills. We can watch videos on the Internet. We can also learn from our parents and take part in the activities with them.14In Kevins opinion, many students pay no attention to learning life skills because _.Athey are not interested in itBits helpless for attending collegeCthey are not sure what to learnDits useless to improve living level15According to Li Ping, what can we get from life skills education?AKnowledge for college.BChances to help our neighbours.CKnowledge for living alone.DChances to learn from our parents.16Who have the same opinion on life skills education according to the text?ALi Ping, Kevin and Mary.BMrs. Blair, Kevin and Mary.CMrs. Blair, Li Ping and Kevin.DMrs. Blair, Li Ping and Mary. 【答案】14B 15C 16D【导语】本文介绍几个人对于生活技能教育的看法。14细节理解题。根据“In my school, many students pay no attention to learning life skills. They dont think it will improve their chances of getting into college.”可知，许多学生不重视学习生活技能，因为他们认为这不会提高他们进入大学的机会。故选B。15细节理解题。根据“These classes give us knowledge we need to live on our own.”可知，这些课程为我们提供了独立生活所需的知识。故选C。16细节理解题。根据“Mrs. Blair Children need to learn most of the life skills at school.”，“Li Ping Theyre quite useful.”和“Mary Having life skills classes at school is important.”可知，Mrs. Blair，Li Ping和Mary有相同的看法，故选D。（2022·四川广安·统考中考真题）You may know about “junk food” like French fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”? Recently, a British survey (调查) shows that there are many electronic products in teenagers bedrooms. They are influencing teenagers sleep badly.The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that 50% of them got just 4 to 7 hours sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.Almost 25% of the kids said they often fell asleep while they were watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.“This is very worrying,” said Dr. Chris, a British professor (教授). “We call it junk sleep. It means you dont get enough sleep and the quality (质量) of the sleep is low, too. If you dont get a good rest, you wont do well in school the next day.”The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day because of the junk sleep, especially girls between 13 and 16 feeling the worst. Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, MP5 or TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them even have all the three.Dr. Chris suggested that parents should help their children keep away from electronic products, and teenagers should spend less time on th