重难点40短文填空之选词填空-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(原卷版).docx

专项五 中考题型 重难点40 短文填空之选词填空短文选词填空题型满分技巧1. 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意短文填空题的正确答题流程应该为：粗读全文，细读全文并完成每道题目的作笞复读检查。在粗读阶段，大家应学会无视短文填空题中的空格，直接获取整篇短文的主要信息，以便后续作答环节利用整篇文章的主旨辨别错误选项。2. 细读全文，瞻前顾后，各个击破在细读阶段， 大家首先应从语法角度直接对题目进行判断。 若无法确定答案，则应联系该空格的前后文，获得该题目的提示信息，逐一完成作答,短文填空题的解答最好按前后顺序完成，当后部题目的解笞面临困扰时，大家可再次精读前文， 寻找线索，最终正确作答。热点话题短文热衷话题有：社会热点、科技、循环利用、日常生活、健康等。短文填词答题技巧口诀空前空后要注意， 名词单复要牢记。要有s不能弃。动词注意要变形， 皇帝、大臣要分清。形、副注意要用三级， 副词用法要谨记。要用数词请留意， 千万别忘基和序。填入代词需慎重， 五格变化记心中。选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。中考英语试卷中，短文题材非常广泛，可以是科普文、故事、体育甚至文化习俗等、不过、所选的文章，一般都是大家比较熟悉的材料。选词填空题考查学生对备选词的掌握及对语法的运用能力。做题时要根据句子结构确定句中所缺词的词性，然后结合句意及备选词即可得出答案。典例解析(2020·辽宁抚顺本溪辽阳)other   we   cold   worth   low   seldom   change   however   on   warm   high   theyDuring May, most places in China are warm. But Mount Qomolangma is still _1_ and covered with snow. At this time, a group of Chinese climbers are climbing the highest mountain in the world. They are going to measure（测量） the _2_ of the mountain.In fact, China already measured the height of the mountain in 1975（8,848. 13 meters） and 2005（8, 844.43 meters）. But the height can _3_ as Earths plates（板块）move. As technology improves, people want to get more exact numbers._4_ , measuring its height is not easy. The temperature there is -29, four degrees lower than that in Antarctica（南极）. The snow there is 4-5 meters thick and strong winds blow all the time. Climbers have to carry scientific instruments to the world's rooftop（屋脊）. They collect data（数据） _5_ the top of the mountain. After that scientists study the data and calculate（计算） the height of the mountain.To deal with the difficult conditions, team members started training in January. They have to sleep in _6_ tents to keep warm. To save fresh water, climbers _7_ take a shower or wash faces. As for food, they have three dishes and soup for each meal. It is easy to keep meat fresh in such a _8_ temperature.Though there are also some _9_ difficulties that we can not think of, the mountain is  _10_ measuring. An exact measurement can help to study the plate movement so that scientists can warn people the coming of the earthquakes.【短文大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述5月份珠穆朗玛峰仍然很冷覆盖着雪，但是一群登山者爬上珠穆朗玛峰去测量山的高度，尽管有很多困难，但是测量是非常有价值的。准确的测量能帮助研究板块运动以便于科学家警告人们地震的到来。【答案解析】1句意：但是珠穆朗玛峰仍然很冷覆盖着雪。根据“covered with snow”可知此处用形容词cold作表语，表示虽然五月，但是珠穆朗玛峰仍然“很冷”。故答案为cold。2句意：他们将测量山的高度。定冠词the后面用名词；根据动词measure和mountain以及后文“China already measured the height of the mountain”可知此处用名词height表示“高度”。故答案为height。3句意：但是高度会随着地球板块的移动而变化。情态动词can后用动词原形；根据“as Earths plates move”可知此处用动词change 表示“变化”。故答案为change。4句意：然而，测量高度不是那么容易的。此处表示转折，用however表示“然而”,句首首字母h大写。故答案为However。5句意：他们在山顶收集数据。此处用介词短语on the top of表示“在山的顶部”。故答案为on。6句意：他们不得不睡在他们的帐篷里来保暖。名词tents前面用形容词，此处根据they可知用形容词性物主代词their表示“他们的帐篷”。故答案为their。7句意：为了节省淡水，爬山的人很少洗澡或洗脸。根据“To save fresh water”为了节省水，洗澡和洗脸是很少的，用频度副词seldom。故答案为seldom。8句意：在这么低的温度下保存肉的新鲜是很容易的。根据前文“The temperature there is -29”可知温度很低，温度用高低（high/low）来形容，用形容词low做定语。故答案为low。9句意：尽管还有一些其他的我们不能想象的困难，这座山值得被测量。此处用some other+复数名词，表示“一些其他的困难”。故答案为other。10句意：尽管还有一些其他的我们不能想象的困难，这座山值得被测量。根据“An exact measurement can help to study the plate movement so that scientists can warn people the coming of the earthquakes”准确的测量能帮助研究板块运动以便于科学家警告人们地震的到来。可知山值得被测量，用be worth doing表示“值得做某事”。故答案为worth。（2022·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在横线上填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。dish       finish      until         have a gift for      so thatMom often says, “Cooking is an important skill, and it can be fun!” But I had no interest in cooking at all _1_ I met with a cooking app（应用软件）. There are different kinds of recipes（菜谱）in the app. They offer detailed instructions _2_ users can follow them step by step. Most of them even include photos or videos, which are quite useful for beginners. Last week, I picked up a popular recipe to cook fish. When I _3_, it was exactly what I wanted and tasted delicious. Then I tried more recipes. Now I can cook a couple of _4_. I find cooking is great fun and it seems that I _5_ cooking. My plan is to invite my friends over next weekend and show them my new skills. I hope they will like my cooking.（2022·浙江宁波·统考中考真题）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次 (每空一词)。happen        also        show        nature        muchLaughter is good for you, and thats no joke! A good laugh helps you right away. When you laugh, changes _6_in your body. For example, you take in _7_ air than usual, which is good for your heart. A good laugh increases your heart rate. When you laugh, your brain also releases (释放) chemicals that make you feel happy. Laughing can also make you feel relaxed for up to 45 minutes.Laughter can _8_ reduce pain. You probably dont want to chuckle (偷笑) when youre hurt, but laughter helps the body make its own _9_ medicine. Laughing is also great exercise! Research _10_ that laughing 100 times is as good as riding a bike for 15 minutes.So why dont you try laughing out loud every day?（2022·上海·统考中考真题）选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次（A）Aaward    Bpleased    Clitter    Dnature    E. tidyLast month. George and Sophie designed a community programme. After the activity, the community centre gave them a special _11_ for what they had done. The idea came to them one day as they were walking home from school through the park. They noticed that there was a lot of _12_ on the grass and by the lake. The park didn't look clean or _13_ , so they decided to plan a community clean-up day. They asked local people to come and help clear away all the rubbish. People in the community were very _14_ to hear about the plan as it could make a cleaner neighbourhood. （B）Ain all    Bchose    Con holiday    Ddelivered    E. breathed In order to make it convenient for people to join them, they _15_ a Sunday for the activity. Then they contacted the community centre to ask for rubbish bags for the work. After that. they _16_ posters to the houses near the park. They also put up some posters in their school. That day, more people came than expected-eighty-six volunteers _17_ . Some were from the local community and others from the school. Even tourists came to help. One family was _18_ in the area and they took part in the activity after seeing the posters. It was a successful day!（2022·河南·统考中考真题）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。child    help    if    way    which    solve    into    long    develop    theyHand washing with soap can reduce (减少) illnesses. One of the easiest _19_ to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. But many children havent _20_ the right habit of hand washing. Children do not wash _21_ hands often enough or long enough. Its such a simple habit, but the children arent doing it.Issar and his friend decided to _22_ the problem using a fun method. They tried many times and created a tool called Soapen. It turned hand washing _23_ a fun activity.As the name suggests, Soapen is a pen _24_ is made out of soap. The children draw on hands with the Soapen and then wash the drawing off. The colors will remain on the childrens hands _25_ they dont spend enough time washing them off. It is very _26_ for a teacher in a classroom. After all, not all the teachers have the time to make each _27_ wash his hands properly.“Children wash hands much _28_ than before now because they like drawing on hands. Soapen does help children make a good habit of hand washing,” said Issar.（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空不超过两个词。proud    up    cover    in    easily    they    serve    high    remember   howWhen the movie Leap was put on at cinemas on Sept. 25, 2020, it received a lot of praise from the whole country. The movie shows the spirit of the Chinese womens volleyball players and _29_ journey to becoming an excellent volleyball team.In order to stand on the worlds _30_ podium (领奖台), the girls of the womens volleyball team worked day and night to practice. Finally, they became the gold medal (金牌) owners and the _31_ of the Chinese people. However, the road to the championship (冠军称号) _32_ with tears and sweats (汗水). They fell many times and climbed _33_ again and again to achieve the final success. “Without going through the wind and rain, _34_ can we see the rainbow (彩虹)? No one can succeed _35_.” The girls always keep these words _36_ mind. Over 40 years of ups and downs, they have gradually become a legend (传奇) of the world volleyball sport._37_ the country and never giving up are the keys to their success. That is what the film Leap wants us _38_ forever.（2022·湖北随州·统考中考真题）从方框中选择适当的单词，并用其适当的形式完成短文，每词只能用一次，每空一词。good  realize  although  they  use  interest  hide  face  quick  inHow I Learned to Learn EnglishLast year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like a bad dream. The teacher spoke so _39_ that I did not understand her most of the time. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. I just _40_ behind my textbook and never said anything.Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Stony. I fell _41_ love with this exciting and funny movie! So I began to watch other English movies, too. _42_ I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their _43_ helped me to get the meaning. I also _44_ I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies. I discovered that listening to something _45_ is the secret to language learning. I also learned _46_ sentences like “Its a piece of cake” or “It server you right”. I did not understand these sentences at first. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked _47_ up in a dictionary.Now I really enjoy my English class. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a _48_ understanding of English movies.（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺（每空一词，每词限用一次）。he     if     go     hole     enough     another     strong     in     repair     adviceOnce upon a time, there was a shepherd. He kept many sheep. _49_ the day time, he herded (放牧) them outside; at night, he drove them into the sheepfold (羊圈) which was enclosed by dry grass and pegs. One morning, the shepherd _50_ to herd the sheep and found one sheep lost. He then found that the sheepfold had been broken and there was a big _51_ . “The wolf must have stolen the sheep through the hole.” He thought. “Youd better _52_ the sheepfold and mend the hole as soon as possible.” The neighbor advised him. “The sheep has been lost. Its no use repairing the sheepfold.” He didnt take the neighbors kind _53_.The next morning, he went to herd and found _54_ sheep lost. “The wolf had done it again!” The shepherd was very angry. But this time, he regretted not taking _55_ neighbors advice and not taking action in time. He mended the hole soon, and made the whole sheepfold _56_ than before. From then on, his sheep didnt get stolen any more. The shepherd was smart _57_ to prevent sheep from being stolen by mending the hole of the sheepfold. What would you do _58_ you made a mistake or did something wrong? Do something to make it up, just as the saying goes, “Better late than never!”（2022·四川资阳·统考中考真题）从方框中选择单词，并用其正确形式填空。每词限用一次。country    we    really    after    song    in    hear    new    show    decideAs a Chinese, you sing or hear the national anthem (国歌) March of the Volunteers many times. But do you _59_ know how it was born?_60_ 1931, September 18 Incident (九·一八事变) took place. Many Chinese people wanted to fight against Japanese invasion (侵略) and save the _61_.In 1934, Tian Han _62_ to write a film script (剧本) to wake up more people. Unluckily, just _63_ he finished one story and the lyrics (歌词) of a song for it, he was put into prison by KMT (国民党). Then, Nie Er offered to write music for the _64_. When he read “Arise, you who refuse to be slaves. With our flesh and blood, let us build our _65_ Great Wall . March on! March on! March on! On!”, he felt excited. He seemed to _66_ the call of the mother country and the anger of Chinese nation. Quickly, he finished the music. A song to _67_ Chinese spirit and Chinese unity (团结) was born in 1935.On October 1, 1949, March of the Volunteers, as _68_ national anthem, was sung on Tiananmen Square for the first time.（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）clear   complete   excite   follow   health   interview   luck   shine   silence   ten   touch   wellWhen the other models appeared on the stage, the audience cheered and clapped. Then it was Nius turn. The audience suddenly became _69_. However, after four or five seconds, Niu _70_ heard someone next to the stage say in admiration, “So cool!”Niu Yu, 24, became a(n) _71_ star at Shanghai Fashion Week for her confidence, even though she was wearing a prosthetic leg. When Niu was only 11, she _72_ lost her right leg during the Wenchuan Earthquake. Niu has won lots of praise. This gives those who have prejudice(偏见) against the disabled a hit on the nose. “I _73_ by something they said. They said the traditional view was that sports were for people with _74_ legs, but sports should be a kind of spirit. Even though I have lost a leg, I still deeply love sports and will do so forever,” Niu said. Actually, Niu first drew the public's attention when she _75_ a marathona 42-kilometer race in 2018, which was held in Wenchuan to mark the _76_ anniversary(周年纪念) of the earthquake. Now, Niu works as a photographer and has more than 850, 000 _77_ on social platforms, such as Douyin. “I feel I have a social responsibility to bridge the disabled and the public. Showing my life to the public can allow them to _78_ understand our group and can also tell other disabled people that our society is more tolerant(宽容) than they imagined,” she explained.（2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后面的括号内选出可以填入短文空格处的词，并将该词的字母代号（不写出该词）填写在答题卡相应的位置上。Night came, noises calmed down and the Mexican sports center of the Olympics stood quiet in darkness. Greenspan, the world famous reporter, found the center _79_ after making the scenes where the marathon（马拉松）winners received the medals and marked the victory. It was time for him to return to the hotel for a rest. He was about to leave when he suddenly saw a bandaged man ran into the center with his right _80_ bleeding. This man ran lamely（一瘸一拐的）out of breath, but he didnt _81_. After he ran along