中考英语知识归纳复习专题被动语态外研版.docx
被动语态【被动语态】在英语中，动词主要有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。当我们不知道或者没有必要说出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需要强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。如：Smoking isnt allowed in the gas station.汽车加油站里面不允许吸烟。Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。常见时态（含情态动词）的被动语态的构成如下：时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词The classroom is cleaned every day.这间教室每天都打扫。一般过去时was/were+过去分词Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校是1998年建造的。一般将来时will be+过去分词The sports meeting will be held tomorrow.运动会将于明天举行。现在完成时have/has been+过去分词The bank has been built.银行已经建成了。含情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词The bike cant be put here.这辆自行车不能被放在这里。【考点训练1】1.Today Chinese _ (teach) in many schools around the world.2.Some famous paintings _ (show) in the hall next week.3.A new school _ (set up) in my hometown last year.4.How often do I need to feed the dog?It _ food every day,or it will be hungry. （ ）A.may giveB.may be givenC.must giveD.must be given答案：is taught will be shown was set up D【被动语态的特殊结构】种类构成例句感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时，省略的to要加上。We heard her sing in the room.She was heard to sing in the room.我们听见她在房间里唱歌。动词短语的被动语态短语是“动词+介词/副词”时，变被动语态时介词、副词不能丢。We should speak to the old politely.The old should be spoken to politely by us.我们应该有礼貌地和老人说话。主动表被动feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系动词。The dishes taste so delicious.这些菜尝起来很美味。open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时。This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词及短语(happen,take place,come out,run out,spread.)。The water has run out.水已经用完了。When did the book come out?这本书什么时候出版的？作“需要”讲的need,want,require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。The problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。【考点训练2】1.Tea plants are _ (grow) and _ (use) to make tea.2.Kang Jian found it interesting that so many products in the local shops _ (make) in China.3.The music _ the Moonlight Sonata. （ ） A.sounds like B.is heardC.is sounded like D.is listening4.An accident _ on the road last night. （ ）A.has happenedB.was happenedC.HappenedD.was happening答案：grown used were made A C 【被动语态的固定搭配、句型】1. be made of,be made from,be made in与be made by2.be used for,be used as与be used to do3.It is said/believed/reported/known that.【中考示例】(2017·广西)I think all the heavy and difficult jobs _ by machines and robots in the future. ( )A.DoB.will doC.are doneD.will be done【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：我认为未来所有的重活、难度大的工作都将由机器和机器人来完成。根据时间状语in the future可知，此处应用一般将来时；主语jobs和谓语动词do之间是被动关系，结合介词by可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。【考题热身】1.(2017·甘肃)English _（speak) all over the world.2.(2017·宿迁)The old car _（produce) in Germany in the 1960s.3.(2017·鄂州)Teenagers should _（encourage) to solve their problems by themselves.4.(2017·襄阳)The 24th Winter Olympic Games _ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022,from February 4th to 20th. （ ）A.is going to hold B.holdC.will be held D.was held5.(2017·重庆A卷)This picture _ by my cousin last year. （ ）A.draws B.drewC.is drawn D.was drawn6.(2017·盐城)It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts _ to teach soccer school students. （ ）A.invite B.invitedC.to be invited D.will be invited7.(2017·随州)Your bedroom is so clean.Of course.It every day. （ ）A.cleans B.cleanedC.is cleaned D.was cleaned8.(2017·苏州)Why hasnt Tony come?The invitation letter _ to Toby by accident. （ ）A.was emailed B.has emailedC.is emailed D.emailed9.(2017·上海)The museum _ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival. （ ）A.is decorated B.will decorateC.is decorating D.will be decorated10.(2017·河北)Hangzhou _ as the City of Silk.Tourists like shopping for silk there. （ ）A.KnowsB.is knownC.was knownD.will be known答案：is spoken was produced be encouraged C D D C A D B
