重难点39短文填空之首字母填空-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(原卷版).docx

专项五 中考题型 重难点39 短文填空之首字母填空短文首字母填空题型满分技巧1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。典例解析（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，把所缺单词填写在后面的横线上。Andy was born in China 15 years ago. In 2021, she m_1_ to the USA with her family. As a high school student she has found many differences b_2_  Chinese and Americans.For example, many American parents think there is no n_3_ to send their children to an expensive school. H_4_ , its different in China. Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools, a_5_ their family isnt rich enough.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了中国和美国在教育上的差别。【答案解析】1句意：2021年，她和家人搬到了美国。根据“she to the USA with her family”及首字母可知，搬到了美国，move“搬”，结合时间状语In 2021可知，动词用过去式，故填(m)oved。2句意：作为一名高中生，她发现了中美之间的许多差异。根据“ Chinese and Americans”及首字母可知，此处用betweenand表示“在与之间”，故填(b)etween。3句意：例如，许多美国父母认为没有必要把他们的孩子送到昂贵的学校。根据“there is no to send their children to an expensive school”及首字母可知，此处用there is no need to do sth表示“没有必要做某事”，故填(n)eed。4句意：然而，这在中国是不同的。“many American parents think there is no to send their children to an expensive school”与“Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools”是转折关系，however“然而”，故填(H)owever。5句意：许多中国父母会不惜一切把孩子送到昂贵的学校，尽管他们的家庭并不富裕。“Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive schools”与“their family isnt rich enough”是让步关系，although引导让步状语从句，故填(a)lthough。（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。“Ugh, meat pie again? I h_1_ meat pie!” Matt shouted. “I wont eat it!” Matts mom and dad looked at each other. Matts angry outbursts (爆发) were always happening this month. “ Matt, were going to let you take over (接管) dinnertime from now on,” Mom said.“Well, were going to eat g_2_ food every night!” Matt answered happily.The next day, Dad helped Matt make the meal plan. “Were going to have chicken tonight, and spaghetti tomorrow, ” Matt started.“Woah, wait a minute,” Dad said. “What else are we going to have with the chicken? We need to have at least one v_3_ with each meal.”“We can have cabbage,” Matt said. “Sophia does not like cabbage,” said Dad.“Well, its my choice, s_4_ Im going to cook it,” Matt replied.“OK, but she might complain (抱怨) at dinner. Are you ready for that? ” Dad asked.“Yeah, maybe,” Matt answered.Almost every time Matt picked something out, his dad would tell him that someone wouldnt like it. It was very frustrating (令人懊恼的).“This is impossible!” Matt said angrily.“Yes, it is hard. Everyone has d_5_ tastes, and sometimes, we just cant please (使满意) everyone.”“Fine, well go with this plan this week. Next week Ill try to make everyone happy,” replied Matt.It was time for Matt to make his f_6_ meal, so his parents both came to help him. He hadnt cooked before. It took almost an hour to make dinner. He was tired and hungry, but he was so proud of h_7_he made dinner! “Ew, this rice tastes strange,” Sophia said. Matt took a bite. It did taste a little strange. But hed worked so hard! He felt like he might c_8_. “I dont like cabbage,” shouted Sophia. Matt realized then how his parents must feel every time he complained about dinner. It was impossible to make sure e_9_ liked every part of every meal!“Im sorry, Sophia. Im sorry, Mom and Dad. I shouldnt have shouted at you about dinner all the time. I dont want to take over dinner anymore, I wont complain,” Matt said. “Thank you, Matt,” Mom and Dad said. Dad continued, “Well take back dinner responsibilities. You can offer some help if you like!” Matt felt a lot better. He happily finished his dinner and n_10_ complained about a meal again.（2022·上海·统考中考真题）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给出。Which would you rather spend your money on, an outing with friends or a pair of expensive shoes? It is my opinion that spending money on experiences brings greater happiness. My first r_11_ is that experiences make us different as we grow. We are not the result of the things weve bought. Instead, we are the result of everything weve seen and done. For example, getting expensive clothes didnt c_12_ me as a person, but the camping trip last summer certainly did. It made me more independent.In addition, I p_13_ experiences because they bring people together. Sharing a new experience develops stronger relationships and creates long-lasting memories. Three years ago I met some teenagers on a study trip and now I am s_14_ in touch with them, but I hardly remember what I bought during the trip.My final point is that, although some people say it is a great j_15_ to own things, I think using the things you own is more pleasant. For example, I spend most of my spare money on new parts for my old mountain bike, but I love the experience of c_16_, not owning bike parts!To sum up, experiences make us who we are and develop stronger relationships. So next time before you pay for something, give it some s_17_ thought. Ask yourself, “Which will I spend my money on, an outing or a pair of shoes?”（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。I grew up in the countryside. At around 10 years old, I began to learn cooking. The first skill I mastered was making dough（面团）. Since my parents often came home l_18_, a prepared dough would help my family have supper sooner. I thought it would be e_19_ because I often saw my mum do it just mix water and flour, right? Not quite! It turned out to be a m_20_ for a while. First I made the dough too soft. Then I made it too hard. But as I kept trying, I learned the trick. Later, I cooked fried dishes and things like dumplings and I f_21_ in love with cooking. Its a good way to relax. More importantly, thanks to my cooking skill, I live better d_22_ the COVID-19 pandemic. Now working at home, I cook every meal instead of ordering takeout. It s_23_ money and I dont have to wait for delivery drivers to feed me. Besides cooking, I did a lot of f_24_ work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables. T_25_ it was hard work, the experience taught me things that many of my friends still dont know. For example, the part of a potato that has sprouts（芽）can be planted as a seed. I once discussed this with my friends from the city. They thought it was a p_26_ that they didnt have the chance to learn these things in their lives. Some might say we can learn these things from textbooks. But it cant compare to the j_27_ of learning firsthand, watching plants blossom and grow. It brings a new way to look at the world. （2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。Eat Your Greens!I have never been a fan of vegetables. But my best friend loves them. “Eat your greens!” he always says. So I decide to learn something more about them.Plants are a very important part of our diet. Because of the c_28_ their leaves vegetables are often called “greens”. They p_29_ all kinds of nutrition(营养) that are very important for our bodies. For example, vitamin C gives us healthy skin, and calcium(钙) keeps our bones s_30_. Others help to keep our hearts, blood and muscles healthy Eating vegetables does not make us f_31_ because they are low in calories.Its said that there are over 80,000 different kinds of plants which can be eaten on Earth. However, 90 percent of the foods we eat c_32_ from just 30 plants. This is not because they are the most nutritious, but because they are the e_33_ to grow.It is suggested to eat at least five different vegetables every day. Its a good h_34_ to make vegetables a main part of each meal. However, some people think that vegetables are not so popular compared with meat, so when vegetables are served together with meat, they often c_35_meat instead of vegetables. Others think vegetables are cooked in an unskillful way, making them not d_36_.In order to help me have a healthy diet, my friend gives me good a_37_ on how to cook tasty vegetables. I am on my way to a healthier lifestyle.（2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。To many young Chinese people, Premier Zhou Enlai is known as a key founder of the New China. But f_38_ people know he once wrote a martial arts novel called Jin Guo Ying Xiong.Recently, a Sina Weibo user m_39_ this novel written by Zhou more than a century ago. Many young people showed a strong i_40_ in it and their admiration for the early pioneers of China. Another user posted the first page of the novel which Zhou wrote at the a_41_ of 16. It was published under Zhous pseudonym(笔名) “Fei Fei” in a magazine beginning in October, 1914. However, the novel was never completed, but it can be found a_42_. The Early Works of Zhou Enlai were published by the Central Party Literature Press in 1998.A_43_ many young people expressed the regret that Zhou did not go on with the novel, they said he played a more important role in Chinas history. One wrote “The novel was stopped but Premier Zhou went on to s_44_ the Chinese nation out of danger!” Another added, “He gave up a novel, but he wrote a history of m_45_ China.” A 29-year-old computer engineer said, “The pioneers of China are spiritual leaders for me. Remembering them helped me build up the r_46_ values. When I face problems in life, I am always reminded not to f_47_ the lives of those pioneers. The difficulties I face now are nothing compared with what they experienced.”（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。When people meet strangers, they often have small talks. These talks are a good way for people to s_48_ hello. The talks cover many topics, such as weather, films, sports, TV shows o_49_ the latest news. But we should always keep it in mind that p_50_ subjects about money, age, and weight should be avoided. Besides, its better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask, “Do you like our city?” They may say s_51_, “Yes”. If you ask, “What do you think of our city?” They will have more freedom in answering. This type of question also shows that you are interested in them. If you seem interested in w_52_ people are saying, they will feel more comfortable talking with you.（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guessed I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM(砰)! I fell off my bicycle. My right side really h_53_!My head hit the ground h_54_. I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get up, b_55_ I failed! “There must be s_56_ wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so t_57_ that I had to still lie there. Then I saw b_58_ on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.As I lay there, I took off my helmet. There was a sharp rock sticking out of it. I looked at it in f_59_. Thank goodness I wore my helmet!I shouted for help. At that time, a truck went by. The driver s_60_ his truck and came to help me. He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug(拥抱). “Im so glad you were wearing your helmet. The helmet saved your life,” she said. She knew I was c_61_ before and did not always wear my helmet. “Mum, it was not the helmet i_62_ that saved my life, but safety awareness did. Ill ride my bicycle with great care later on!”（2022·广东广州·统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c _63_ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became Chinas western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f _64_ countries did business and communicated with the local people.If you v _65_ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i _66_ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c _67_ to see Dunhuangs treasures online.（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y_68_ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l_69_ for new things in the ocean. Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a_70_. Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t_71_. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i_72_ easily. Mr. Green also studies how peoples actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w_73_ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals n_74_ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p_75_ this from happening. Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k_76_ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k_77_ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.（2022·天津·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s_78_ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w_79_ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian