江西省2022年中考英语总复习课后达标-题型二　类型一　选择型阅读理解.docx

一(2021·江西中考)Today, by carefully choosing dog parents, humans have created many different kinds of dog.Each kind has its own look and talents and its own role within human society.Here are three examples of “a dog's life” in the human world.Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients.Shaynee is a therapy(治疗)dog.She visits children who are in hospital.Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace which can be hard in a busy hospital.They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, even help them get better.Today some beagles(小猎犬)work in airports for the government.They are part of the program called the Beagle Brigade.A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose, and ability to follow smells.The Beagle Brigade's job is to smell everything that comes into the country.They make officers notice illegal(非法的)fruits, vegetables, and other foods in luggage or in mail.The beagles do the job far better than any human could.While some dogs are working hard, others are free to spend their days resting and playing.Across the world, many pet dogs are treated like children.Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want.Some even have their own clothes.Many of these pets spend their days playing, learning to follow or even going to classes.Their owners give them the best, and enjoy doing so.Whether as workers or objects of affection(钟情)dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways.There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too.Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth.However, the domestic dog's special place as “man's best friend” has allowed it to survive(存活)in a human world.1What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?AHospitals need many special dogs.BDogs can take care of patients.CPatients need love in the hospital.DDoctors are too busy to see patients.解析：段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍专门训练的狗可以给病人带来爱和欢乐，故选B。答案：B2What does the underlined word “domestic” in Paragraph 5 mean?ATrained.BSmart.CHungry. DValuable.解析：词义猜测题。分析“Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog's special place as man's best friend has allowed it to survive in a human world.”可知，许多种类的野狗几乎已经从地球上消失了，然而驯养的狗作为“人类最好的朋友”的特殊地位使它能够在人类世界中生存下来。此处domestic的意思是“驯养的”，故选A。答案：A3What's the purpose of the passage?ATo ask people to treat dogs as their own children.BTo explain why humans need beagles in their work.CTo tell people about the history of dogs' development.DTo show a good relationship between dogs and humans.解析：主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文介绍人类世界中“狗的生活”的三个例子，向我们展示狗和人之间的良好关系。故选D。答案：D4Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?解析：篇章结构题。第一段总领全文，第二、三、四段介绍三种不同类型的狗在我们生活中的例子，第五段总结。故选C。答案：C二(2020·江西中考)In 2007，Barrington Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world.He was just 23 years oldand he built the plane himself.How did he achieve this?Irving's interest in flying started when he was 15.He was working in his parents' bookstore in Miami，Florida.One of the customers was a pilot，Gary Robinson.One day，Robinson asked Irving if he was interested in flying.Irving didn't think he was smart enough.But the next day，Robinson took Irving to an airport.He showed Irving inside the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a Boeing 777.That experience changed Irving's life.Irving really wanted to fly，but flight school was expensive.To achieve his dream，he worked different jobs.He washed airplanes and cleaned swimming pools.At home，he practiced flying on a video game.In the end，he got enough money for flight school.At flight school，Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly.But he hasn't finished.Next，he planned to build his own plane and fly alone around the world.Building the plane was difficult.Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts.Most said no，but he persisted(顽强地坚持)in asking.Three years later，he had parts worth $300,000.Columbia，an airplane company，agreed to build a plane using the parts.Soon，his airplane was ready to fly.On March 23,2007，Irving began his round­the­world trip.After 97 dayswith 145 hours in the airhe landed back in Miami.A cheering crowd of people was there to welcome him.Irving saw many young people in the crowd，and this had a powerful effect(影响)on him.He wanted to use his experience to help other young people achieve their own dreams.“Everyone told me what I couldn't do，” says Irving.“They said I was too young，that I didn't have enough money.But even if no one believes in your dream，” he says，“you have to pursue(追求)it.”1Why was Gary Robinson important in Irving's life?AHe got Irving interested in flying. BHe sent Irving to a flight school.CHe helped Irving build a plane. DHe taught Irving how to fly.解析：细节理解题。根据But the next day，Robinson took Irving to an airport.He showed Irving inside the cockpit of a Boeing 777.That experience changed Irving's life.可知，Robinson带Irving去了飞机场，向他展示驾驶舱的结构，这个经历让Irving开始对飞行感兴趣。故选A。答案：A2Put the events about Irving in the correct order.aIrving got the parts for his plane.bIrving flew around the world.cIrving met Gary Robinson.dIrving learned to fly.Acdab B cadb Cbcad Dbcda解析：细节排序题。根据第二段But the next day，Robinson took Irving to an airport.He showed Irving inside the cockpit of a Boeing 777.That experience changed Irving's life，可知，Irving遇见了Robinson，他带Irving参观飞机的驾驶舱，所以c排在第一位。根据第四段 At flight school，Irving achieved his dream of learning how to fly.可知，在飞行学校，他学习了如何去飞，所以d排在第二位。根据第五段he had parts worth $ 300,000.Columbia，an airplane company，agreed to build a plane using the parts.可知，他得到了价值30万美元的零件，所以a排在第三位。根据第六段 On March 23,2007，Irving began his round­the­world trip.可知，他开始环游世界飞行，所以b排在最后一位。故正确的排序是cdab。故选A。答案：A3What can we know about Irving's personality according to the passage?AClever and honest. BHumorous and responsible.CPolite and powerful. DHard­working and persistent.解析：推理判断题。根据Irving really wanted to fly，but flight school was expensive.To achieve his dream，he worked different jobs.He washed airplanes and cleaned swimming pools.At home，he practiced flying on a video game.In the end，he got enough money for flight school.可知，Irving想去飞行学校，所以为了实现梦想，他做了各种各样的工作，最后攒够了学费，由此可见他是很努力的。根据Building the plane was difficult.Irving asked more than 50 companies for airplane parts.Most said no，but he persisted in asking.可知，建造一架飞机很难，Irving向50多个公司寻求飞机零件，大部分都说不可以，但是他仍然顽强地坚持，最后成功地得到了，由此可见，他是坚持不懈的。故选D。答案：D4What would be the best title for the passage?ABecoming a Pilot BLife in Flight SchoolCAchieving a Dream DBuilding Your Own Plane解析：标题归纳题。根据“Everyone told me what I couldn't do，”says Irving.“They said I was too young，that I didn't have enough money.But even if no one believes in your dream，”he says，“you have to pursue it.”可知，本文主要讲述了Irving通过自己坚持不懈的努力，最终实现了自己的梦想，所以最适合的标题是“Achieving a Dream”。故选C。答案：C三(2021·江西中考)Eight hundred years ago, a man in southern Turkey invented an amazing clock.It was more than 7 meters high.At its base(基座)was a life­size model elephant.Every half hour, something amazing happened.The whole clock came alive: Model birds, dragons, and people started to move.The clock's inventor was an engineer named al­Jazari.He lived in Turkey.Al­Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history.Some historians call him “the father of modern­day engineering.”We know about al­Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. They include clocks and hand­washing machines.The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.Many everyday things todayfrom toys to car engines(发动机)still use al­Jazari's ideas.Without his machines with moving parts, we might not have modern­day robots.Today, it is still possible to see what al­Jazari's elephant clock looked like.A full­size working model is in Dubai's Ibn Battuta Mall.There, every half hour, al­Jazari's most amazing invention comes to life once again.How Does the Elephant Clock Work?A bowl with a small hole floats(浮)in a water tank(水箱)inside the elephant's body.As the bowl slowly sinks (下沉), it pulls a rope that moves a human figure.His moving pen shows the number of minutes past the hour.Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely.This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock.The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.The ball then drops out of a falcon's mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon.The weight of the ball causes the dragon's head to move down and the dragon's tail pulls the water bowl back up.Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon's mouth and into a vase.As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound.The cycle begins again until there are no more ball in the top of the clock.1Why is al­Jazari called “the father of modern­day engineering”？AHis ideas are still widely used in machines.BThe elephant clock is an amazing invention.CHis inventions include some parts of modern robots.DHis book about machines is still popular with readers.解析：推理判断题。根据“Al­Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him the father of modern­day engineering.”可知，Al­Jazari可能是历史上最伟大的工程师之一，一些历史学家称他为“现代工程学之父”。选项A“他的思想仍被广泛应用于机器”符合，故选A。答案：A2Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ” in Paragraph 3.AHe became famous when he was a young man.BHe invented a lot of everyday machines in history.CIt describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.DPeople in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.解析：推理判断题。分析“They include clocks and hand­washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.”可知，这本书包括钟表和手洗衣机，也有展示每台机器如何工作的图纸。选项C“它描述了许多各种形状和大小的机器”符合语境，故选C。答案：C3What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 7 refer to?AThe pen moves.BThe all drops.CThe bowl sinks completely.DThe bowl pulls the rope.解析：推理判断题。根据“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock.”可知，每半个小时，水碗就会装满，并完全下沉，这导致一个球从时钟的顶部掉下来。此处this指的是“碗完全下沉”，故选C。答案：C4How does the elephant clock work? Put the steps in the correct order.aThe ball drops into the vase.bThe ball drops into the dragon's mouth.cThe elephant driver moves and makes a sound.dAfter 30 minutes, a ball starts to fall from the top.eThe bowl moves down in the water and pulls on ropes.Abdace B edbacCaebdc Dcadeb解析：细节理解题。根据“A bowl with a small hole floats in a water tank inside the elephant's body. As the bowl slowly sinks, it pulls a rope that moves a human figure.”，“Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely.”，“The ball then drops out of a falcon's mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon.”，“Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon's mouth and into a vase.”和“As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound.”可知，正确的顺序是edbac，故选B。答案：B四(2021·江西中考)Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic(基因的), while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment.Now scientists are discovering that the boundaries(界限)between genes and environment are not so clear.Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted(领养)as babies and raised by different couples.When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common.Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds.They had the same smile and the same voice.When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr.invited the Jim twins to his lab, people there found it very hard to tell them apart.But the similarities didn't stop at the physical.They'd both had dogs named Toy.They had both married women named Linda and then their marriage broke up.They'd both been policemen, enjoyed music, and left love notes around the house for their wives.They had so much in common, it seemed unlikely these were just coincidences(巧合)The Jim twins were just one of 137 sets of separated twins.Bouchard tested.When they compared the twins' IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion(结论)They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education.It seemed the differences in family and environment had little effect.However, genes can't control everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, who also studies twins.Reed's research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.“What I like to say is that Mother Nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen，” She explains.“Things written in pen you can't change.That's DNA.But things written in pencil you can.”1How many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentioned?A2. B 3.C4. D5.解析：细节理解题。根据“Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds. They had the same smile and the same voice.”可知，两人身高都是六英尺，体重一百八十磅，有着同样的笑容和同样的声音。提及二人四处身体上的相似之处，故选C。答案：C2What did Bouchard's study find about the twins?AEach seemed to be as tall as their twin.BEach had the same hobby as their twin.CEach had almost the same ability as their twin.DEach had about the same IQ level as their twin.解析：推理判断题。根据“When they compared the twins' IQ scores, Bouchard and his team reached a surprising conclusion. They concluded that intelligence was mostly connected to genes rather than to training or education.”可知，当他们比较双胞胎的智商分数时，Bouchard和他的团队得出了一个令人惊讶的结论：智力在很大程度上与基因有关，而不是与训练或教育有关。所以他们的智商水平和他们的双胞胎差不多，故选D。答案：D3What is Reed's opinion about genes and environment?AOnly DNA has an effect on our development.BEnvironment could possibly change some things about us.CThere are no boundaries between genes and environment.DEnvironmental differences can sometimes change our DNA.解析：细节理解题。根据“Reed's research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.”可知，Reed的研究表明，虽然没有什么能真正改变我们的DNA，但孩子在出生前和一岁时所经历的环境差异有时会影响DNA的行为方式，甚至使同卵双胞胎成为非常不同的人。所以环境可能会改变我们的一些事情，故选B。答案：B4What is the passage mainly about?AThe way the DNA behaves.BThe similarities between the Jim twins.CThe connection between intelligence and families.DThe effects of genes on personality and intelligence.解析：主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，通过研究结果说明基因对人格和智力的影响。故选D。答案：D五Welcome to the Excellent Kids Website! Here you can read about excellent children from all over the world and vote(投票)for the Excellent Kid of the Month.This month we're proud to introduce Gina from France，Brendan from Canada and Helga from Germany.Gina，w