初中英语中考复习专项非谓语动词基础讲解.docx

非谓语动词【真题再现】1. Some children can't afford _ necessary stationary. (2014 扬州) Let's donate our pocket money to them.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. be bought2. My parents always tell me _ more vegetables and fruit. (2014 北京)A. eatB. eatingC. eatsD. to eat3. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money _ poor young girls return to school. (2014 镇江)A. to save B. saving C. helping D. to help4. Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life.(2014 泰安)A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves5. Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat.(2014黔西南州)A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped6. Hey guys, Chinese way of _ the road is very dangerous. You must wait for the green lights on. (2014 昆明) Thank you for your advice, sir.A. going B. walking C. crossing D. passing7. What else should we pay attention to _ building the bridge?(2014 淮安) The change of the weather, I think.A. finishB. finished C. to finishD. finishing8. Tom, why are you in such a hurry?(2014黑龙江省龙东地区) Oh, my bike is broken, Im going to have it _.A. repairingB. repairedC. to repair 9. The WWF is working hard _ the animals in danger(2015 南宁)Asave Bto save Csaves Dsaved 10. Sarah, youd better drink more water after _ for such a long time. (2015 广州) A. run B. runs C. to run D. running 11. This sign is used _ tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo(2015 南通)Ato warn Bto warning Cto make Dto making 12. Thanks to the robots, the human reporters do not have to spend a lot of time _ boring numbers and information.(2015 临沂)AprocessingBto processCprocessedDprocess 13. My friend invited me _ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.(2015 上海)A. joinB. to joinC. joined D. joining 14. Martin was so busy _ the old that he gave up his part-time job. (2015 上海)A. helpingB. helpedC. to help D. help 15The traffic signs warn people after drinking. （2015 青岛）A. to drive B. not to drive C. driving D. dont drive【答案与解析】1. C。句意：一些孩子买不起必要的文具。让我们把零花钱捐给他们吧。afford后跟动词不定式作宾语，故选C项。2. D。句意：我父母总是告诉我多吃蔬菜和水果。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故选D。3. D。句意：春蕾计划是一个为帮助贫困女孩重返学校募集钱的组织。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，排除B和C；save救，挽救；help帮助，根据句意选D。4. C。本句意为：Granny经常告诉我们在日常生活中要节约用水。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事，故答案选C。5. B。本题意为：Tom的妈妈告诉他要停止吃太多的肉；tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案选B。6. C。本题意为：嗨，中国式的过马路是很危险的。你必须等待绿灯亮。先生，谢谢你的建议。crossing the road表示横穿马路，故答案选C。7. C。本题意为：我们完成这座桥还应该注意些什么？我想应该注意天气的变化。本题考查动词不定式，pay attention to意为“注意”。to是介词，所以后面接名词以及动名词，但本题题空中，应该表示目的，所以选动词不定式，答案为C。8. B。本题意为：Tom，为什么你这么匆忙？Oh，我的自行车坏了，我要去修一下。have sth. done意为“使某事、某物被”，故答案选B。 9. B。句意为：世界自然基金会正在努力去拯救濒危动物。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。 10. D。句意：Sarah，跑了这么长时间的步，你最好喝些水。run跑步；runs第三人称单数形式；to run动词不定式；这里是介词after+动名词形式，故选D。 11. A。句意为：在动物园，这个标志被用来警告游客远离狮子。be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，为固定用法，故选A。12. A。spend+时间+(in) doing sth意为“做某事花费多少时间”，故选A。13. B。句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。join动词原形；to join动词不定式；joined 动词过去式；joining动名词形式。invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”，结合句意及结构，故答案为B项。14. A。句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。结合所给选项的形式，答案为A项。15. B。句意: 交通标志警示人们不要酒后驾车。warn sb. to do sth意为“警告某人干某事”；warn sb. not to do sth意为“警告某人不要干某事”。【用法讲解】考试要求：非谓语动词中考考查的重点有：1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带to；5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。1. 动词不定式（1）动词不定式的构成： 不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。（2）动词不定式的句法功能：功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. It is not easy for us to speak English讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every dayTo clean the room every day is my work我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?He likes to play basketball他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you(表原因)很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1)不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(for/of sb. )+动词不定式。如： To learn English well is useful It is useful to learn English well 学好英语很有用。 Its important for us to protect the environment保护环境对我们来说很重要。 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如： Its very kind of you to help me你帮助我真是太好啦。 Its very clever of you to do like that你那样做真是太聪明啦! 2)不定式作宾语 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗? 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：I find it easy to read English every day我发现每天读英语很容易。 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式 why not do.，why dont you do.，had better(not) do.，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do. 如：I would rather stay in the room我宁愿待在房间里。 3)不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： Lucy asked him to turn down the radio露西让他关小收音机。 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese我妈妈鼓励我学日语。 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上to。 如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。 4)不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about没有什么可担心的。 5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go 他不知道去哪里。(where to gowhere he should go)2. 动名词（1）动名词构成：一般由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。（2）动名词的句法功能：功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语I like playing basketball very much我非常喜欢打篮球。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。介词宾语Stamps are used for sending letters邮票是被用来寄信的。表语His hobby is collecting stampsCollecting stamps is his hobby他的爱好是集邮。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。定语She is in the reading room她在阅览室里。We should improve our teaching methods我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjoy，mind，miss，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend.(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，cant help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词： 完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy) 继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like) 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)3. 分词（1） 分词的构成：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。（2）分词的句法功能：功能例句说明定语Do you know the girl standing under the tree?你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?Please hand in your written exercises请交上你们的笔试练习。现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。状语The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing学生们谈笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill，our school looks more beautiful从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。表语The situation is encouraging形势令人鼓舞。The boy is too frightened to move这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time不要让我们等得太久。I heard him singing in the classroom我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。Hell have his hair cut after school放学后他要去理发。现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。