TED经典演讲稿抑郁是世界上最温柔的病.pdf
TED题：What is depression?作者：Helen M.Farrell抑郁是世界上最温柔的病Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world.In the United States,close to 10%of adults struggle with depression.But because its a mental illness,it can be a lot harder to understand than,say,high cholesterol.One major source of confusion is the difference between having depression and just feeling depressed.抑郁症是造成全球残疾类疾病的主要原因。在美国，约有10%的成年被抑郁症所困扰。但是作为种精神疾病，抑郁症类似胆固醇等概念更难被理解。其中最容易被混淆的概念在于，区分患有抑郁症与只是简单的情绪低落。Almost everyone feels down from time to time.Getting a bad grade,losing a job,having an argument,even a rainy day can bring on feelings of sadness.Sometimes theres no trigger at all.It just pops up out of the blue.Then circumstances change,and those sad feelings disappear.乎所有都有情绪低落的时候，考试失利、被炒鱿鱼、与发争执，甚只是天都有可能导致情低落。有时可能根本就是没来由的消沉，伤感就那么不经意地来袭了。但是渐渐地峰回路转，悲伤的感觉总会慢慢淡去。Clinical depression is different.Its a medical disorder,and it wont go away just because you want it to.It lingers for at least two consecutive weeks,and significantly interferes with ones ability to work,play,or love.但是临床上所讲的抑郁症却是另码事。抑郁症是种医学上的情绪障碍，它法靠意志来改变，它会持续少两周的时间。并且会严重影响患者的作状态、为能、以及情感活。cholesteroln.胆固醇out of the blue突然地，意外地circumstancen.条件，情况，环境lingerv.继续存留，缓慢消失consecutiveadj.连续的Depression can have a lot of different symptoms:a low mood,loss of interest in things youd normally enjoy,changes in appetite,feeling worthless or excessively guilty,sleeping either too much or too little,poor concentration,restlessness or slowness,loss of energy,or recurrent thoughts of suicide.If you have at least five of those symptoms,according to psychiatric guidelines,you qualify for a diagnosis of depression.抑郁症有多种不同的症状，情绪低落，对平时的爱好失去以往的兴趣，欲的改变，卑或者极度的负罪感，嗜睡或者失眠，法集中注意，焦躁或迟钝，浑乏，或者反复的轻念头。如果你符合以上所述的五项症状，从精神学的度讲，便可以被判定为患有抑郁症。And its not just behavioral symptoms.Depression has physical manifestations inside the brain.First of all,there are changes that could be seen with the naked eye and X-ray vision.These include smaller frontal lobes and hippocampal volumes.不是为上的这些症状，抑郁症还会导致些脑部的临床表现。先，有些变化可以通过眼，以及X光检测观察到。其中包括检测出较的额叶以及海马体(脑的组成部分)。On a more microscale,depression is associated with a few things:the abnormal transmission or depletion of certain neurotransmitters,especially serotonin,norepinephrine,and dopamine,blunted circadian rhythms,or specific changes in the REM and slow-wave parts of your sleep cycle,and hormone abnormalities,such as high cortisol and deregulation of thyroid hormones.从更微观的度讲，抑郁症与以下点有关:以清素,去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺为主的。某些神经传导物质的异常传递与消耗，物钟节奏混乱，或是睡眠状况的明显变化，以及荷尔蒙紊乱。例如质醇(种类激素)偏以及甲状腺激素异常。symptomn.症状diagnosisn.诊断manifestationn.显示，表明neurotransmittern.神经递质serotoninn.清素norepinephrinen.去甲肾上腺素dopaminen.多巴胺circadian rhythm昼夜节律But neuroscientists still dont have a complete picture of what causes depression.It seems to have to do with a complex interaction between genes and environment,but we dont have a diagnostic tool that can accurately predict where or when it will show up.And because depression symptoms are intangible,its hard to know who might look fine but is actually struggling.但是神经系统科学家始终未能完美诠释，导致抑郁症的原因，这可能和基因与环境的相互作有关。但前我们还没有有效的法来准确判断这种作具体的发机制。并且由于抑郁症的病症发于形，我们便很难发现那些正饱受抑郁症困扰的。According to the National Institute of Mental Health,it takes the average person suffering with a mental illness over ten years to ask for help.But there are very effective treatments.Medications and therapy complement each other to boost brain chemicals.In extreme cases,electroconvulsive therapy,which is like a controlled seizure in the patients brain,is also very helpful.Other promising treatments,like transcranial magnetic stimulation,are being investigated,too.根据美国理健康研究中数据表，平均每位患有精神疾病的患者，需要花少10年去寻求帮助。但其实前有很多有效的治疗法来帮助抑郁症患者。药物治疗配合理治疗可以促进脑内化学物质的产，在些特殊的病例中，甚电休克疗法，即种像是控制病患脑进休克的法，也有定疗效。另外些很有潜的治疗法，如经颅磁刺激（种层刺激法），也正在被泛研究。So,if you know someone struggling with depression,encourage them,gently,to seek out some of these options.You might even offer to help with specific tasks,like looking up therapists in the area,or making a list of questions to ask a doctor.因此，如果你认识某位正饱受抑郁症折磨的，请励他们从以上的法中寻求帮助。你甚可以进更为具体的帮助，如寻求些此领域中的专业治疗师，又或者是帮忙列个问题清单去请教医。intangibleadj.形的seizuren.控制，占领To someone with depression,these first steps can seem insurmountable.If they feel guilty or ashamed,point out that depression is a medical condition,just like asthma or diabetes.Its not a weakness or a personality trait,and they shouldnt expect themselves to just get over it anymore than they could will themselves to get over a broken arm.对于那些患有抑郁症的来说，迈出这第步尤为艰难。如果他们有负罪感或羞耻感，请向他们指出抑郁症是种医学疾病，就像哮喘或糖尿病样常见。告诉他们抑郁症并不能成为他们的弱点或代表他们的格，且他们不能只靠硬撑来克服这个疾病，这并不像伤筋动样可以愈。If you havent experienced depression yourself,avoid comparing it to times youve felt down.Comparing what theyre experiencing to normal,temporary feelings of sadness can make them feel guilty for struggling.Even just talking about depression openly can help.如果你未曾受到抑郁症的困扰，请不要将他们的痛苦与你平的情绪低落进较。将他们所承受的困扰与常见的悲伤情绪相提并论，会使他们为的病情感到责。哪怕只是单纯诚恳地谈谈抑郁症都会对他们有所帮助。For example,research shows that asking someone about suicidal thoughts actually reduces their suicide risk.Open conversations about mental illness help erode stigma and make it easier for people to ask for help.And the more patients seek treatment,the more scientists will learn about depression,and the better the treatments will get.例如，研究显询问些关于杀的看法，实际上可以降低他们杀的率。开诚布公地谈谈精神疾病有利于淡化患者的卑意识，并且让他们更有勇去寻求帮助。越多的患者来积极寻求治疗，对于抑郁症的研究才能有所突破 从使他们得到更有效的治疗。insurmountableadj.法克服的erodev.消弱；损害stigman.耻辱
