3 Section Ⅲ　Using language & Writing.doc

Section Using language & Writing­ing形式作定语动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。动词的­ing形式保留着动词的若干特征，同时又具有形容词、副词、名词等特征，有时态和语态的变化形式。其时态和语态形式如下表所示。形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1.现在分词作定语(1)单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之前。表示现在分词的动作正在进行，分词和所修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。(2)分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。所修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语，分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。此时相当于一个定语从句。(3)作定语的及物动词的现在分词形式为doing和being done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done；作定语的不及物动词的现在分词形式只有doing。He spoke in a low voice in order not to wake the sleeping child.为了不吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。Can you see the star moving in the sky?你能看见那颗在天上移动的星星吗？ The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在电影院上映的那部电影很令人激动。现在分词作定语，要注意现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间。 一般说来，主要有下列两种情况：(1)表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时要用进行时态)。 Did you see the girl dancing with your brother.Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.(2)表示经常性、习惯性动作或现在(当时)的状态(变为定语从句时多用一般现在时态或一般过去时态)。We lived in a room facing the south.We lived in a room which/that faced the south.The factory making these pens is a small one.The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one.2动名词作定语动名词作定语用于说明被修饰词的用途、功能或目的，常放在被修饰词之前。a walking sticka stick for walking 拐杖a washing machinea machine for washing 洗衣机a reading rooma room for reading 阅览室She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool.她一周在当地的游泳池训练五次。 单句语法填空1He often carefully watches the doctors in the operating(operate) room.2Here is a map showing(show) you how to get to the station.3Do you remember the name of the girl sitting(sit) next to you in the old photo?4With the rapid development of China，the number of foreigners learning(learn) Chinese is growing all the time.5Tom received a phone call from his mother saying(say) that she would visit him this weekend.6The houses being built(build) now are for the teachers.7The sleeping(sleep) baby is my sisters son.He is so lovely that we all love him.8Many people were sitting on the beach in the waiting(wait) room. 句型转换1The man who is taking a walk on the playground is my English teacher._2The girls who are mending the clothes are from the nearby villages._3The girl who is reading a novel over there is my daughter._4The man who lives in the faraway village rarely sees subways._5To be honest, I dont know the boy who is giving the speech._答案：1The man taking a walk on the playground is my English teacher.2The girls mending the clothes are from the nearby villages.3The girl reading a novel over there is my daughter.4The man living in the faraway village rarely sees subways.5To be honest, I dont know the boy giving the speech.明信片 文体感知明信片有时被称为贺卡(card for congratulation)，它是一种印制好的简单的书信，多是节日到来前相互赠送的礼品，属书信的替代品。 增分佳句1I havent heard from you since you left.2I have been in Hangzhou with my parents for my holiday for three days.3Could you share something interesting with me?4Hope to hear from you soon.5Im looking forward to hearing from you. 写作要求英语课上，老师让学生们给父母或朋友写一张自己在北京旅游的明信片。要点如下：1来之前的想法；2.到之后的见闻。 审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题在北京旅游时态一般现在时为主人称第一人称为主 词句推敲1词汇度假go_on_a_vacation有教育意义的 educational围绕 surround应得，值得 deserve建筑物 construction文化遗产 cultural_relics厌倦 be/feel_tired_of2句式文化遗产具有教育意义。作为一个00后，我有时会厌倦古代中国的历史。普通表达：The cultural relics are educational. I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s.高级表达：Educational_as_the_cultural_relics_are,_I_sometimes_feel_tired_of_the_past_history_of_ancient_China_as_one_of_the_00s.(用as引导让步状语从句改写)北京被许多现代建筑物环绕。北京不愧为我们祖国的首都。普通表达：Beijing is surrounded by pretty large number of modern constructions. Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland.高级表达：Surrounded_by_pretty_large_number_of_modern_constructions,_Beijing_deserves_its_state_as_the_capital_city_of_our_motherland.(用分词短语作状语改写) 妙笔成篇_One possible version：8 August，Dear mom and dad，I, your dear daughter, am having great fun going on a vacation in Beijing. Educational as the cultural relics are, I sometimes feel tired of the past history of ancient China as one of the 00s. However, I feel welcomed by the whole city especially when people here are as friendly as we thought before. Whats more, the weather here is much cooler, at least in summer. Moreover, the roads here are broad. Surrounded by pretty large number of modern constructions, Beijing deserves its state as the capital city of our motherland. 单句语法填空1The boy wearing(wear) a sad look said“I cant find my parents.”2They set up an operating(operate) table in a small temple to save the injured soldier.3Those students hoping(hope) to enter that university should work really hard.4Today there are more airplanes carrying(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.5People living(live) in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.6The librarys study room is full of students preparing(prepare) for the coming exam.7Listen! The song being_sung(sing) is very popular with the students.8The flowers smelling(smell) sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.9Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting(meet) room.10The question being_discussed(discuss) was presented by the headmaster. 阅读理解AHave you ever thought of taking a train and having an adventure？Riding the train can be a real adventure.That is how I feel every time I take Amtrak.I often take a four­hour trip to visit my children.Every time I take this trip I never know what will happen.Last week when I was on the train and over an hour into the train ride, there was a man sitting by himself in the back of the train carrying on a mobile phone conversationin another language.It was loud and disturbed most of the people on the train.I think it was annoying.Fortunately I sat next to a wonderful old lady who was taking a two­day trip by train.She said her two daughters were distraught at the thought of her driving for three days to reach her home, although she had no trouble driving.The train ride was the only choice for her.She loved to look out of the window and watch the world go by on the train.She was fun to talk to and asked me when my children started being parents.That is a very good question.Both of us are old and have children.She asked that same question from time to time.There are always many people on the train from all walks of life，different countries，and many languages.Riding the train is a great way to increase your knowledge and take in all kinds of cultures.If you get hungry, you can buy food in the food car at any time.If you need to use the restroom, there is always one available.It sure beats driving the car, which has to stop for food and restrooms.And it is better than taking the bus.【解题导语】作者在本文中介绍了乘坐火车时的经历，认为乘坐火车是一次很好的文化体验。1According to the passage，the purpose of the authors train ride was _Ato do businessBto see her childrenCto visit places of interestDto see her old friendsB解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“I often take a four­hour trip to visit my children.”可知，作者坐火车去看望孩子们。故选B。2Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “distraught” in Paragraph 3?ADisappointed.BSatisfied.CWorried. DPleased.C解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，此处句意为：虽然老太太开车没有问题，但是两个女儿一想到她要开车三天才到家，就会感到根据常识可知，此处意为：担心。故选C。3Which of the following is TRUE about the old lady sitting next to the author?AShe is too old to drive now.BShe does not like to take trains.CAlthough she is old, she has a good memory.DHer daughters live far away from her home.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“at the thought of her driving for three days to reach her home”可知，女儿们住得很远。故选D。4What is the best title for this passage?ATrain RideA Cultural ExperienceBA Painful Experience on the TrainCThe History of AmtrakDA Wonderful LadyA解析：标题归纳题。根据全文的介绍尤其是倒数第二段第二句“Riding the train is a great way to increase your knowledge and take in all kinds of cultures.”可知，本题答案为A。BAlthough I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Years Day last year.I was having a terrible headache.I knew it was time to quit.Searching for methods to quit smoking on the Internet is like searching for weight loss tipsthere are thousands of different ways that are said to be the best, but not all are right for you.One approach that did draw my interest was apps.Along with cigarettes(烟), my phone was the only other thing I couldnt leave my apartment without.There are hundreds of apps for quitting smoking.I downloaded an app called “Quit It” because it was said to be good.It was free and didnt cost much time as some others.You input the amount of cigarettes you smoke, the cost per pack and the time you decide to quit smoking.The app does the maths and then gives you information based on the information given by you.It tracks the amount of time since you decided to quit, the money youve saved, and the danger youve avoided.The app also includes a number of health goals.Quitting smoking was one of the hardest things Ive ever had to do.Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick and I felt terrible, but the most difficult part was the empty feeling I was left with.Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.If I wanted to smoke while I was on the computer, Id immediately go to stopsmoking to read a success story, or to offer support to someone else having a harder time than me.I quit smoking 1 year 2 months and 27 days ago.I did not smoke 6，771 cigarettes and saved $4，062.84.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者想要戒烟，后来利用一个手机应用软件成功地戒了烟。5What did the author realize when suffering the terrible headache?AHe should turn to an app.BHe should go to see a doctor.CIt was time to make a new plan.DIt was about time that he quit smoking.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Years Day last year.I was having a terrible headache.I knew it was time to quit.”可知，作者意识到是时候戒烟了。6What does the underlined word “approach” in Paragraph 2 mean?AMethod. BResult.CPlace. DSuggestion.A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Searching for methods to quit smoking”可知，这里是指一种利用app戒烟的“方法”。7Its implied in Paragraph 4 that Quit It_Aplayed a big role in the authors quitting smokingBmade the authors time much harderCwas questioned by many peopleDcould be used on the computerA解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick.Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.”可知，这个app在作者的戒烟过程中起着很重要的作用。8Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show us the harm of smoking.BTo encourage readers to use an app.CTo explain why he chose to quit smoking.DTo tell us how he managed to quit smoking.D解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要讲述的是自己是如何成功戒烟的。 语法填空Winter in Quebec, Canada is very different from that in England. When I first arrived, I was 1._ (slight) worried about the winter. I couldnt imagine 2._ it would be like to have 3 metres of snow and what on earth I was going to do when the weather was so bad. However, here, life goes on as usual. Trains and buses continue, and people socialise and even better. 3._ number of new sports take over.For me, skiing means downhill skiing, in ski resorts(度假胜地), with ski lifts taking you up the mountain. Before 4._(arrive), I did not know there were in fact different 5._(type) of skiing. Imagine a sunny but cold day, and you have taken a chairlift to the top of a mountain 6._(cover) in snow. An hour seems like a few minutes, as you carve your way down a run to the bottom, and then do it all again. It is my new favourite sport.Ice skating on a frozen(结冰的) lake is another 7._(excite) sport for me. Once I could hardly stand on a pair of ice skates, but now I am able to make laps(圈) of the 3 km route on the lake, 8._ is frozen during January and February.Indeed having 3 metres of snow was a bit frightening. School 9._(cancel) once because of a big snowstorm, but I was 10._ busy enjoying all these cool sports that winter finished too soon!【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。加拿大魁北克市冬季降雪量会达到三米。不过，别担心，这儿有丰富多样的冬季户外运动。1slightly解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词worried，表示“稍微”，故填副词slightly。2what解析：考查连接词。设空表示“我无法想象降雪量达到三米是什么样的情景”，故填what。what在此引导宾语从句。3A解析：考查不定冠词。由下文的描述可知，此处表示“有许多新的运动”，故填A。a number of意为“许多，大量”。4arriving解析：考查动词­ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词Before的宾语，故填arriving。5types解析：考查名词复数。设空处表示“种类”，因为type是可数名词，由其前的were和different可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填types。6covered解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处表示“被积雪覆盖的山”，cover与mountain之间是动宾关系，故填covered。7exciting解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰sport，表示“令人激动的”，故填形容词exciting。8which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明lake，且在从句中作主语，故填which。9was cancelled解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处表示“有一次因为大暴雪学校还放了假”，school与cancel之间是被动关系，因为设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was cancelled。10so解析：考查副词。so.that.意为“如此以至于”。 书面表达假设你是校报英语专栏的一名小记者。今天下午你校全体师生参加了一场关于是否应该重建圆明园的问题讨论会。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道，反映该讨论的结果。不应该重建应该重建比例60%40%理由1.现在的圆明园具有教育意义；2.重建会花费大量金钱；3.会导致人们忘记历史1.吸引游客；2.如果缺乏保护，遗迹最终会消失；3.通过重建的圆明园了解中国文化注意：1.词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_