专题 15 阅读理解 议论文-学易金卷：十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分类汇编（全国通用）含解析.pdf

专题 15 阅读理解议论文2023 年阅读理解议论文Passage 1【2023 年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has ever had texts,while most of the world,for most of the time,has not.Writing is one of humanitys later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply cant.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay,between Captain Cooks voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side,we have scientific reports and the captains record of that terrible day.From the Australian side,we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day,the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides,there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted,especially when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.When we consider contact(联系)between literate and non-literate societies such as these,all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that conversation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.12.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.How past events should be presented.B.What humanity is concerned about.C.Whether facts speak louder than words.D.Why written language is reliable.13.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A.His report was scientific.B.He represented the local people.C.He ruled over Botany Bay.D.His record was one-sided.14.What does the underlined word“conversation”in paragraph 3 refer to?专题 15 阅读理解 议论文-学易金卷：十年（2014-2023）高考真题英语分类汇编（全国通用）A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.15.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A.How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB.A Short History of AustraliaC.A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD.How Art Works Tell Stories2022 年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2022 年全国甲卷】Sometime in the early 1960s,a significant thing happened in Sydney,Australia.The city discovered its harbor.Then,one after another,Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there broad parks,superb beaches,and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds,a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor.After our third run Andrew shut down the engine,and we went our separate ways he for a lunch break,I to explore the city.“Ill miss these old boats,”he said as we parted.“How do you mean?”I asked.“Oh,theyre replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster,but theyre not so elegant,and theyre not fun to pilot.But thats progress,I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days,change and progress are the watchwords(口号),and traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald,the citys official historian,told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept aside much of its past,including many of its finest buildings.“Sydney is confused about itself,”she said.“We cant seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.Its a conflict that we arent getting any better at resolving(解决).”On the other hand,being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack culture in this country,”he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians,when they came to Australia,brought 2000 years of their culture,the Greeks some 3000 years,and the Chinese more still.Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.Its a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right,but I cant help wishing they would keep those old ferries.12.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.Sydneys striking architecture.B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.C.The key to Sydneys development.D.Sydneys tourist attractions in the 1960s.13.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?A.He goes to work by boat.B.He looks forward to a new life.C.He pilots catamarans well.D.He is attached to the old ferries.14.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?A.It is losing its traditions.B.It should speed up its progress.C.It should expand its population.D.It is becoming more international.15.Which statement will the author probably agree with?A.A city can be young and old at the same time.B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.C.modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.Passage2【2022 年北京卷】Quantum(量子)computers have been on my mind a lot lately.A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans.Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts.One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest.The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades,quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity.Now,big tech companies have invested in quantum computing,as have many smaller ones.According to Business Weekly,quantum machines could help us“cure cancer,and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.”This is the sort of hype(炒作)that annoys Johnson.He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep.“Whats new,”Johnson wrote,“is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding,researchers may mislead investors,journalists,the public and,worst of all,themselves about their works potential.If researchers cant keep their promises,excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment and anger,Johnson warns.Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement.But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because“quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.”And that brings me back to Taylor,who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book,Taylor patiently answered my questions about it.He also answered my questions about PyQuantum,the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype,but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company,he says,is closer than any other firm“by a very large margin(幅度)”to building a“useful”quantum computer,one that“solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”He adds,“People will naturally discount my opinions,but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“by a wide margin”,as Taylor claims?I dont know.Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.But I trust Taylor,just as I trust Johnson.31.Regarding Johnsons concerns,the author feels _.A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited32.What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A.His dominance in physics.B.The competition in the field.C.His confidence in PyQuantum.D.The investment of tech companies.33.What does the underlined word“prone”in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.34.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?Passage3【2022 年天津卷第二次】Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy,but to be useful,to be loving,to make some difference in he world.While we appreciate such words of wisdom,we rarely try to follow them in our lives.Most people prefer to live a good life themselves,ignoring their responsibilities for the world.This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits,but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character,principles,ideals,and relationships.What then,is the secret of a good life?A good life is a process,not a state of being:a direction,not a destination.We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.More importantly,we must know ourselves inside out.Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations,and then work accordingly to create a better world.The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart.When we do certain right things merely as a duty,we find our job so tiresome that well soon burn out.However,when we do that same job out of love,we not only enjoy what we do,but also do it with an effortless feeling.However,love alone is insufficient to lead a good life.Love sometimes blinds us to the reality.Consequently,our good intentions may not lead to good results.To achieve desired outcome,those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge.False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘).If the engine lacks power,th car cant move;if the driver loses control of the steering,a road accident probably occurs.Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.With love and knowledge,we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others.When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.51.What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?A.Making us simple-mindedB.Making us short-signted.C.Leading us onto a busy road.D.Keeping us from comfort and luxury.52.According to the author,how can one gain true happiness?A.Through maintaining good health.B.By going through pain and suffering.C.By recognizing ones abilities and limitations.D.Through offering help much needed by others.53.According to Paragraph 4,doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one_.A.less selfishB.less annoyingC.more motivatedD.more responsible54.In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?A.When we have wrong knowledge of the world.B.When our love for the world is insufficient.C.When we are insensitive to dangers in life.D.When we stay blind to the reality.55.According to Paragraph 5,life can be made truly good when _.A.inspired by love and guided by knowledgeB.directed by love and pushed by knowledgeC.purified by love and enriched by knowledgeD.promoted by love and defined by knowledge2021 年阅读理解议论文Passage1【2021 年全国甲卷】Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Lets state clearly:Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?And who are they?In the sciences and arts,those praised as geniuses were most often white men,of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.Its said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen,or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six,girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are“really,really smart.”Even worse,the study found that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are“really,really smart.”Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.Heres the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication,were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look,the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world.”12.What does the author think of victors standards for joining the genius club?A.Theyre unfair.B.Theyre conservative.C.Theyre objective.D.Theyre strict.13.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A.They think themselves smart.B.They look up to great thinkers.C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs14.Why are more geniuses known to the public?A.Improved global communication.B.Less discrimination against women.C.Acceptance of victors concepts.D.Changes in peoples social positions.15.What is the best title for the text?A.Geniuses Think AlikeB.Genius Takes Many FormsC.Genius and IntelligenceD.Genius and LuckPassage2【2021 年全国乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）?These days youd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesnt own a mobile phone.In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.Still,55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey（调查）.Of those Australians who still have a landline,a third concede that its not really necessary and theyre keeping it as a security blanket 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone.Age is naturally a factor（因素）only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers whove perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.Age isnt the only factor;Id say its also to do wit