高考英语二轮复习精品：名词性从句ppt课件（全国通用）（24页）.ppt

v高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句课件1v一、几种易混的从句的辨别v定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似，下面给考生提供一些区分的方法：v1定语从句与同位语从句v定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分，可指物或人；而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。请比较：2v(1)The news(that/which)he told us was exciting.v(定语从句，that/which在从句中作宾语，还可以被省略)v(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.v(同位语从句，that从句是说明news的内容的，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)3v辨析v判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。如上面第二句，加上be动词后：vThe news is that our team has won.句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。而第一句，加上be动词后：vThe news is that he told us.意思不成立，因此不是同位语从句。4v警示v一般情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面，可是有的时候，为了表达的需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句，一定要根据句意，找准它所说明的名词。5v2定语从句与状语从句v请看两组句子：v第一组：区分such.as.和such.that.v(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.v(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.6v这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是as引导的定语从句，as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which)，在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。v结论：当从句缺少句子成分时，用such.as.；当从句不缺少句子成分时，用such.that.。7v第二组：选用in which,where填空v(1)He left the key _ he had been an hour before.v(2)He left the place _ he lived for many years.v分析：第一句只能填where,where引导的是地点状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which，因为in which只能引导定语从句，本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。v第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知，后面的句子是对名词place的修饰，因此此句是定语从句。8v点拨v判断是用such.as.还是用such.that.的关键：判断从句是否缺少句子成分。v牢记v当涉及“地点”时，判断是定语从句还是状语从句的依据：看句中是否有先行词。9v二、that与what的区别vthat引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what表示“的东西或事情”。请比较：vWhat I need is more time.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)vThat I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)10vThe village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)vI had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)vHe will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)11v精析v名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“的东西或事情”就用what。v牢记v宾语从句可以跟在及物动词之后，也可以跟在介词之后。12v点拨v解题时要设法排除插入语的干扰，将插入语忽略，从而简化句子结构，这样就可以降低解题的难度。13v典例(安徽，33)His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express.vA.thatB.howvC.who D.whatv解析：D。考查名词性从句。句意：他的书写这么乱，很难弄明白他想要表达什么。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。14v三、who,whoever与no matter who的区别v引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。v另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：15v1Who has taken away my bag is unknown.v谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)v2Whoever breaks the law will be punished.v无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)v3Im not going to let you in,no matter who you are.vIm not going to let you in,whoever you are.v(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用no matter who或者whoever)16v链接vwhever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoeveranyone who;whomeveranyone whom;whateveranything that;whicheveranything/anyone that;whoseverany one whose。vWhichever he likes will be given to him.Anything that he likes will be given to him.v无论他想要哪个都可以给他。17vYou should give the book back to whosever name(anyone whose name)is on the cover of it.v你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。18v【2012陕西卷】20.As many five courses are provided,and you are free to choose _ suits you best.vA whateverB.whichever vC.wheneverD.whereverv【答案与解析】B 考查名词性从句。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是：无论哪件，选B。其余选项与句意不符。19v【2012江西卷】25It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.vAwhetherBwhere CwhichDthatv答案：Dv考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。v解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。20v【2012重庆卷】34.Evdence has been found through years of study_ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up.vA.why B.how C.whether D.thatv【考点】名词性从句v【答案】Dv【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D选项。21v【2012全国新课程】24.It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.vA.how B.whichvC.that D.whatv【答案】D【解析】此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。v【考点定位】考查主语从句的连接词。22v【2012山东卷】25.It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.vA.howB.whethervC.whatD.why v【答案】Bv【解析】此处it是形式主语，后面whether.or引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether.or意为：是还是都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。v【考点定位】考查主语从句的连接词。23v【2012福建卷】35.We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.vA.whoB.whom C.whoever D.whomeverv【考点】本句考查连词的辨析v【答案】Cv【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。v【难度】难度大24