高考英语新优化浙江大一轮课件：必修3 3.4.pptx

Unit 4Unit 4Astronomy:the Astronomy:the science of the starsscience of the stars课前预习-2-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【识记阅读单词】1.atomn.原子2.billionpron.&n.&adj.万亿;十亿3.globen.球体;地球仪;地球4.carbonn.碳5.atmospheren.大气层;气氛6.fundamentaladj.基本的;基础的7.acidn.酸8.chainn.链子;连锁;锁链课前预习-3-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子9.multiplyvi.&vt.乘;增加10.oxygenn.氧11.dioxiden.二氧化物12.gravityn.万有引力;重力13.satelliten.卫星;人造卫星14.climaten.气候15.crashvi.&vt.碰撞;坠落16.spaceshipn.宇宙飞船课前预习-4-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【拼写高频单词】1.systemn.系统;体系;制度2.theoryn.学说;理论3.unlikeprep.不同;不像4.thusadv.因此;于是5.puzzlen.谜;难题vt.&vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难6.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力【拓展核心单词】1.astronomyn.天文学astronautn.宇航员astronomern.天文学家2.religionn.宗教;宗教信仰religiousadj.宗教的;虔诚的课前预习-5-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子3.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的violentlyadv.强烈地violencen.暴力4.harmfuladj.有害的harmn.伤害;危害harmvt.伤害;危害harmlessadj.无害的5.existvi.存在;生存existencen.存在;生活(方式)6.biologyn.生物学biologistn.生物学家7.gentleadj.温和的;文雅的gentlyadv.轻轻地;温柔地,温和地8.physicistn.物理学家physicsn.物理学physicaladj.物理的;物理学的9.floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮floatn.漂浮物课前预习-6-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.harmful和harm用法扫描doharmtosb./dosb.harm对某人有害beharmfultosb./sth.对某人/某物有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth./Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事并无害处(反而可能带来某些好处)。2.“良好性格”的描写gentle温和的easy-going随和的outgoing外向的generous慷慨的课前预习-7-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子3.“太空”单词集锦astronomern.天文学家astronomyn.天文学astronautn.宇航员satelliten.卫星orbitn.轨道universen.宇宙gravityn.万有引力planetn.行星spaceshipn.宇宙飞船atmospheren.大气层课前预习-8-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子4.由thus想到的therefore因此however然而still仍然besides此外;而且moreover而且;此外meanwhile同时,其间otherwise否则;另外;在其他方面课前预习-9-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【识记】1.solarsystem太阳系2.carbondioxide二氧化碳3.layeggs下蛋4.givebirthto产生;分娩5.blockout挡住(光线)6.getthehangof精通;掌握7.watchoutfor密切注意;当心;提防8.inalldirections向四面八方课前预习-10-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子【默写】1.及时;终于intime2.轮到某人;接着inonesturn3.阻止;制止prevent.from4.既然nowthat5.突发;爆发breakout6.感到高兴;感到振奋cheerup课前预习-11-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.cheer常用短语cheeron向欢呼,为鼓劲加油cheerup(使)高兴起来,(使)振奋起来Cheers!干杯!2.“小心;当心”高频短语becareful小心watchoutfor小心;当心lookout当心takecare小心课前预习-12-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子3.birth用法小结givebirthto生,引起,产生atbirth在出生时bybirth在血统上frombirth自出生以来课前预习-13-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichwere to maketheearthsatmosphere.它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。考点提炼betodosth.“计划干某事,注定干某事”。2.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade it possibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。考点提炼“makeit+adj.+forsb./sth.+todosth.”结构中,it是形式宾语,代替不定式结构。课前预习-14-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子3.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearthsgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看着,随着地球的引力增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。考点提炼第一个as引导时间状语从句,意为“当时候”;第二个as也引导时间状语从句,意为“随着”。课前预习-15-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子1.约翰总是乐于帮助别人,这就注定了他会受欢迎。John is always ready to help others,which is to make him very popular.2.他们团结协作,这就使得他们可能在三小时内完成这项工作。They work together,which makes it possible for them to finish the work within three hours.3.我一边写,笔一边颤抖。My pen trembles as I write.课前预习-16-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子Noone1.knows(know)exactlyhowtheearthbegan.Accordingtoa2.widely(wide)acceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”,3.whichexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervapourandmany4.gases(gas)makingtheearthsatmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterappearedandstayed5.onthesurface.Itwasthepresenceofwaterthatallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas,whichmade6.itpossibleforlifetodevelop.First,theappearanceofsmallplantsencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland,7.followed(follow)bylandanimals.Soreptilesappearedforthefirsttime.课前预习-17-.单词.短语.句式.语篇填空积累串记联想归纳仿造句子Later,dinosaursdeveloped.However,theysuddenlydisappeared.Afterthat,mammalscameintobeing.Finally,humans8.appeared(appear)andspreadallovertheearth.However,theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,9.making(make)theearthtoohottoliveon.So,whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependon10.whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.-18-核心词汇核心句式23456171.intime及时;迟早;总有一天【教材原句】Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearthsatmosphere.最终产生了二氧化碳,氮气,水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。领悟高考究考法用intime或ontime填空(1)Ifyoucantarrivethereontime,youshouldwarnthem.如果你不能按时到达,应该预先通知他们。(2)ImjustsogladIwasthereintimetohelpmyson.(2018全国,完形填空)我很高兴我能及时赶到那里帮助我的儿子。-19-核心词汇核心句式2345617单句写作(3)如果坚持下去,总有一天你会成功的。Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.联想拓展记考点(1)attimes有时;偶尔;不时(2)ontime准时;按时(3)innotime立即;马上(4)atonetime曾经;一度(5)atnotime从不;决不(6)allthetime一直;始终(7)atatime一次;每次-20-核心词汇核心句式23456172.existvi.存在,生存【教材原句】Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.他们也生蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。派生existencen.存在,生存existentadj.存在的,现存的领悟高考究考法翻译句子(1)Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.(2016四川,阅读理解D)它大量存在于牛奶中。(2)Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidntexistyet.(2016北京,完形填空)然而,喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。-21-核心词汇核心句式2345617用exist的适当形式填空(3)Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.对于这个问题存在着不同的意见。(4)Thechangeendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds.这种变化威胁到了某些动物和鸟的生存。(5)Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldntexist.如果人们过正常的生活,这些咖啡店就不会存在。联想拓展记考点(1)Thereexists/existed.某地存在有(2)existon靠为生(3)comeintoexistence开始存在,成立(4)bring.intoexistence使发生,产生-22-核心词汇核心句式23456173.inonesturn轮到某人;接着【教材原句】Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是,他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。领悟高考究考法完成句子(1)Whenitsinmyturn,Imtooexcitedtospeak.当轮到我时,我太兴奋以至于讲不出话来了。(2)Hecookedthemealinhisturnthisweek.本周轮到他做饭了。-23-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点(1)inturn轮流地;挨个;依次;反过来(2)outofturn不依顺序地(3)taketurns依次;轮班;轮流(4)byturns轮流地;交替地-24-核心词汇核心句式23456174.prevent.fromdoingsth.阻止做某事【教材原句】Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。领悟高考究考法介词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空(1)Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemfromturningbrown.(2018全国,阅读理解B)如果你喜欢,往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变成褐色。(2)Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoing(do)so.(2017天津,阅读理解B)当然,我本应该问她,但是一些事情阻止了我这样做。-25-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点preventsb.fromdoingsth.的同义短语有stopsb.fromdoingsth.和keepsb.fromdoingsth.。但是需要注意的是:在主动语态中,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可以省略,但keepsb.fromdoingsth.中的from则不能省略;在被动语态中,三个结构中的from都不能省略。Inordertokeepthechildrenfromswimminginthesea,hekeepsthemstayingathomeallday.为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他把孩子们整天关在家里。-26-核心词汇核心句式23456175.pulln.&vt.拉(力);拖;牵引力【教材原句】Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearthsgravity.随着火箭徐徐升空,我们努力逃离地球的引力从而使得我们被重重地向后推在座位上。领悟高考究考法用适当的介词或者副词填空(1)Larrypulledover,setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher.(2016全国,完形填空)Larry把车停到路边,拉了手刹,拿起灭火器帮忙灭火。-27-核心词汇核心句式2345617(2)Onafamilycartrip,herAuntDedepulledoutacopyofHarryPotter,asasurpriseforherniece.(2016四川,完形填空)在一次家庭自驾游途中,她的姑妈Dede掏出一本哈利波特作为给侄女的惊喜。(3)Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedtopullherfromitall.(2016天津,完形填空)一天晚上听到她痛苦地咳嗽,我决定不让她去训练了。(4)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmallcarrotsandwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2017浙江,语篇填空)去年十月,LenaPahlsson在瑞典莫拉照顾自己的花园,她拔了一把胡萝卜并且正准备把它们扔掉。-28-核心词汇核心句式2345617翻译句子(5)Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,hereachedinsideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact(联系)thedriver.(2018北京,完形填空)在寒冷潮湿的天气中等了几个小时后,他把手伸进车窗里,将钱包拽了出来,希望能在其中找到身份证件之类的东西,以便联系司机。(6)Wouldyoumindgivingthebellapull?不介意的话,请拉一下铃好吗?-29-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点(1)pulldown拆除,摧毁(建筑物)(2)pullin(火车)进站停靠(3)pulloff驶向路边短暂停车;完成(4)pullup停止(5)pullout(火车)出站;驶离路边(6)pullover向路边停靠(或让车)-30-核心词汇核心句式23456176.breakout(战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发【教材原句】Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearthsgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。领悟高考究考法完成句子(1)Herfriendscametohelpherwhenthewarbrokeout.(20176浙江,完形填空)战争爆发时,她的朋友都过来帮她。单句写作(2)夜间突然发生了火灾。Firebrokeoutduringthenight.-31-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点(1)breakawayfrom脱离;摆脱;甩掉(2)breakdown毁掉;把分解;(身体)垮下来;抛锚(3)breakin非法闯入;打断;插嘴(4)breakinto破门而入;非法闯入(5)breakoff折断;中断;突然停止(6)breakthrough突围;突破(7)breakup分解;打碎;驱散;结束-32-核心词汇核心句式23456177.nowthat既然;由于【教材原句】“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”“天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”领悟高考究考法诵读或翻译句子,体会黑体部分含义(1)Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerre-arrangingyourmorningactivities.(2017全国,七选五)既然你知道你为什么醒来,那就重新安排一下你早晨的活动。(2)Nowthatthekidshavelefthome,wehavegotalotofextraspace.孩子们都离开家了,我们住着就更宽绰了。-33-核心词汇核心句式2345617联想拓展记考点常用的引导原因状语从句的连词有because,since,as,considering等。Consideringitiseightoclock,wellwaitnolonger.由于已经八点了,我们不再等了。-34-核心词汇核心句式211.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。分析提炼究考法“make+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语(宾语从句或动词不定式等)”是固定句式。宾语补足语可以由形容词、名词、分词等充当。常用于此结构的动词还有think,feel,find,consider,take等。-35-核心词汇核心句式21领悟考法用考点翻译句子(1)Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration.(20176浙江,阅读理解C)一些移民支持者担心,严重的金融危机使得本国人很难保住工作,这样的措施将成为一种不包容的工具,而不是融合。(2)Inhisintroduction,hemadeitclearthatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.(2018全国,完形填空)在介绍时,他清楚地表明我们需要努力方能挣得学分。-36-核心词汇核心句式212.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。分析提炼究考法twiceasfaras.是一种倍数的表达方法,意为“是的两倍远”。英语中常用的倍数表达法有:(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B(2)A+be+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length.)+ofB-37-核心词汇核心句式21领悟考法用考点完成句子(1)Jessicadevotedthreetimesasmuchtimeandenergyasshedidbefore,soIbelieveshewillsucceedthistime.杰西卡付出的是以前的时间和精力的三倍,所以我相信她这次能成功。(2)Thosegivennightmilkcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin.(2016四川,阅读理解D)给的那些“夜间牛奶”包含了10倍的褪黑素量。-38-核心词汇核心句式21一句多译(3)据报道,最近发现了一颗行星,它几乎是地球的三倍大。Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmostthree times as largeastheearth.Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmostthree times biggerthantheearth.Itisreportedthatanewplanethasbeendiscoveredrecently,whichisalmostthree times the sizeoftheearth.单元特训-39-.单句填空1.Aftersheclosedthedoorwithviolence,shefeltherheartbeatviolently.(violent)2.Shegotinterestedinitanddecidedtobeabiologist(biology).3.Eatingtoomanydessertscanbeharmful(harm)toyourteeth.4.Whendidtheworldcomeintoexistence(exist)?5.WhatIwouldliketostressisthatitislookingfornewmembersatthismoment.(2018天津,书面表达)6.Theumbrellawasinperfectcondition,considering(consider)howolditwas.7.Themaleandfemalebirdstaketurns(turn)insittingontheeggs.单元特训-40-8.Atonetimewastewaterwasputintoriversandlakes,whichwerebadlypolluted.9.Hisexplanationwasabitpuzzlingsothatallthestudentslookedupathimwithanexpressionofpuzzlement(puzzle).10.Jennypulledhercaroverandstopped.11.HollandhastwothirdsthecitizensoftheStateofNewYork,whichisfourtimes(time)thesizeofHolland.12.IthinkitinterestingtostudyEnglish.单元特训-41-.话题写作(航天科技)(一)根据提示翻译句子1.我们不知道火星上是否有生命。(whether)We dont know whether there is life on Mars.2.火星上几乎没有氧气,中午的温度可能在50度左右,而晚上则在零下100度左右。这阻止我们在那里生活。(prevent.from.)There is almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night.And it prevents us from living there.3.既然火星与地球完全不同,如果有朝一日我们计划去火星,我们就要带上氧气、食物、衣服和住所。(nowthat)Now that Mars is quite different from our earth,if we are going to Mars one day,we should take along our own oxygen,food,clothing as well as shelter.单元特训-42-4.我们是否能成功登上火星完全取决于科学技术的发展。(dependon)Whether we can land on Mars successfully or not all depends on the development of science and technology.单元特训-43-(二)将第(一)题中的句子,按照合理的逻辑顺序,加入适当的过渡词,连句成篇。根据表达的需要可适当增加细节。We dont know whether there is life on Mars.Whether we can land on Mars successfully or not all depends on the development of science and technology.There is almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night,which prevents us from living there.Now that Mars is quite different from our earth,if we are going to Mars one day,we should take along our own oxygen,food,clothing as well as shelter.