高考英语复习精品语法课件-动词与动词短语.ppt
专题四专题四 动词与动词短语动词与动词短语 专题专题四四动词与动词短语动词与动词短语专题四专题四 专题导读专题导读 动动词词及及其其短短语语的的灵灵活活运运用用是是英英语语的的特特色色之之一一,也也是是学学生生学学习习中中的的难难点点,因因此此每每年年均均为为测测试试的的重重点点。在在历历年年高高考考试试题题中中动动词词所所占占的的比比例例最最大大,设设题题时时往往往往都都是是给给出出四四个个不不同同的的动动词词或或短短语语来来测测试试考考生生在在具具体体语语境境中中对对动动词词短短语语意意义义的的理理解解和和运运用用。其其考点主要涉及以下几个方面:考点主要涉及以下几个方面:1.考考查查动动词词的的词词义义辨辨析析。包包括括常常见见动动词词用用法法辨辨析析,近近义义词词辨析,词形相近词辨析等。辨析,词形相近词辨析等。2.考考查查动动词词的的搭搭配配形形式式。如如:动动词词与与名名词词的的搭搭配配,动动词词与与介词、副词的搭配等。介词、副词的搭配等。专题导读专题导读专题四专题四 专题导读专题导读 3.考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。主主要要包包括括同同根根介介词词或或副副词词的的动动词词短短语语的的辨辨析析、不不同同动动词词构构成成的的动动词词短短语语的的辨辨析析以以及及“动动词词副副词词介介词词”短短语语的的辨辨析析。在在动动词词词词组组的的测测试试中中,绝绝大大多多数数为为基基础础动动词词的的考考查查,出出现现频频率率较较高高的的词词有有:get,turn,make,put,go,give,break,cut,come,look,keep,bring,show,pick,hold,fall,carry,pull,catch,call,take等。等。4.考考查查系系动动词词。动动词词作作系系动动词词用用时时,后后面面常常接接形形容容词词、名名词词、分分词词和和不不定定式式等等,此此时时动动词词没没有有进进行行时时和和被被动动语语态态。这这类类动动词词有有:appear,become,feel,look,sound,seem,taste,prove,remain,stay,smell,grow,turn,go,come,fall,stand,lie,exist等。等。专题四专题四 专题导读专题导读 2012年年除除了了要要重重视视动动词词的的基基本本考考点点外外,还还要要重重视视以以下下几几个个方面的难点:方面的难点:1.易混的基础动词及其词组。易混的基础动词及其词组。2.与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法。与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法。3.部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法。部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()1.2011全全 国国 卷卷 William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to_.AdisappearBfall Cfail Ddamage【解解析析】C考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。fail在在这这里里表表示示“衰衰退退”。B项项有有一一定定的的干干扰扰性性,fall一一般般指指“下下降降”,而而从从was beginning to表示表示“逐渐逐渐”来看,我们可以排除来看,我们可以排除B项。项。真题典例真题典例专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()2.2011全全国国卷卷 Mary,I_ John of his promise to help you.Atold Breminded Cwarned Dadvised【解解析析】B考考查查动动词词。句句意意为为:玛玛丽丽,我我提提醒醒约约翰翰他他帮帮助助你你的的许许诺诺了了。remind sb of sth提提醒醒某某人人某某事事。tell是是及及物物动动词词,须须跟跟双双宾宾语语;warn sb of sth警警告告某某人人某某事事;advise sb of sth通知通知/正式告知某人某事。正式告知某人某事。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()3.2011天天津津卷卷 I_ a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part time job during the summer vacation.AborrowedBopened Centered Dordered【解解析析】B考考查查动动词词词词义义。open a bank account意意为为“开开了了一一个个银银行行账账户户”。句句意意为为:暑暑假假期期间间,我我做做兼兼职职挣挣了了1 000美美元元之之后后,就就开开了了一一个个银银行行账账户户。borrow借借;enter进进入入;order定购,命令。定购,命令。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()4.2011辽辽宁宁卷卷 What are you doing out of bed,Tom?Youre_ to be asleep.A.supposed B.known C.thought D.considered【解解析析】A考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。根根据据句句意意“汤汤姆姆,你你不不在在床床上上在在干干什什么么?你你_在在睡睡觉觉。”四四个个选选项项分分别别意意为为“应应该该”、“被被认认识识,被被作作为为”、“被被考考虑虑”与与“被被考考虑虑为为”,由句意可知答案为,由句意可知答案为A。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()5.2011福福建建卷卷 Id prefer to_ my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B.express C.pass D.reserve【解解析析】D本本题题考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。根根据据语语境境“我我在在找找到到所有的证据之前宁愿保留自己的判断。所有的证据之前宁愿保留自己的判断。”可知选可知选D。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()6.2011安安徽徽卷卷 As the story_,the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A.begins Bhappens C.ends D.develops【解解析析】D考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意为为:随随着着故故事事的的发发展展,关关于于那那个个奇奇怪怪的的人人物物的的真真相相慢慢慢慢地地被被发发现现了了。空空白白处处应应填填develop,表示,表示“发展发展”。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()7.2011湖湖北北卷卷 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful,but they may also_ our thinking.A.direct B.limit C.changeD.improve【解解析析】B考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意:如如果果我我们们想想要要成成功功,知知识识和和学学习习都都是是重重要要的的,但但是是,它它们们也也许许也也会会限限制制我我们们的的思思维维。direct指指导导,引引导导;change改改变变,变变化化;improve提高,改善。根据语境只有提高,改善。根据语境只有B项项“限制限制”符合语义表达。符合语义表达。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()8.2011辽辽宁宁卷卷 You are old enough to_ your own living.Awin B.gain C.take D.earn【解解析析】D本本题题考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。earn ones living的的意意思思是是“自自谋谋生生计计”,符符合合句句意意“你你已已经经足足够够成成熟熟了了,应应该该自自谋生计了谋生计了”。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()9.2011全全国国卷卷 I can_ the house being untidy,but I hate it if its not clean.Acome up with Bput up with Cturn to Dstick to 【解解析析】B本本题题考考查查动动词词短短语语。说说话话人人表表达达的的是是“我我可可以以忍忍受受房房子子不不整整洁洁,但但是是”。put up with在在这这里里的的意意思思是是“忍忍受受”。come up with想想出出;turn to转转向向,求求助助于于,翻翻到到;stick to坚持。坚持。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()10.2011四四川川卷卷 I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.Alook up Blook at Clook for Dlook into【解解析析】A本本题题考考查查动动词词短短语语。look up意意为为“(在在词词典典、参参考考书书等等中中)查查找找,查查阅阅”,故故选选A。B意意为为“看看”;C意为意为“寻找寻找”;D意为意为“调查调查”。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()11.2011陕陕西西卷卷 Some insects_ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.A.take in B.take off C.take on D.take out【解解析析】C考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。take in“吸吸收收;欺欺骗骗”;take off“脱脱掉掉;起起飞飞;成成名名”;take on“呈呈现现,显显现现”;take out“拿拿出出,取取出出”。题题干干意意思思是是:一一些些昆昆虫虫可可以以呈呈现现它它周围环境的颜色来保护自己。选周围环境的颜色来保护自己。选C。其余选项与题意不符。其余选项与题意不符。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()12.2011天天津津卷卷 She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.Aturned down Bdealt with Ctook after Dcame across【解解析析】D考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。come across偶偶然然遇遇到到。句句意意为为:昨昨天天她她在在商商场场购购物物时时偶偶然然遇遇到到了了一一位位老老朋朋友友。turn down拒拒绝绝;deal with处处理理;take after 长长得得像像;都都不不符符合合语语境。境。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()13.2011山山东东卷卷 They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic.Aput off Bspeed up Cturn on Dwork out【解解析析】B本本题题考考查查动动词词短短语语。句句意意:他他们们正正在在加加宽宽桥桥梁梁以以提提高高车车流流的的速速度度。put off推推迟迟,延延期期;speed up(使使)加加快快速速度度;turn on打打开开(开开关关、电电器器等等);work out计计算算出出,解解决决,制制定定,锻锻炼炼,以以某某种种方方式式发发展展。根根据据句句意意只只有有B项项符符合合语境。语境。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()14.2011江江苏苏卷卷 You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal_ again.A.turned over B.turned on C.turned off D.turned down【解解析析】D考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。A项项意意为为“移移交交”;B项项意意为为“打打开开”;C项项意意为为“关关闭闭”;D项项意意为为“拒拒绝绝”。根根据据句句意意“你你看看上上去去很很悲悲伤伤。出出什什么么事事了了?”“我我的的提提议议又又被被拒绝了。拒绝了。”可知选可知选D项。项。专题四专题四 真题典例真题典例 ()15.2011浙浙江江卷卷 The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to,but I suppose Ill just have to _it.Amake the best of Bget away from Ckeep an eye on Dcatch up with【解解析析】A考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意为为:这这所所学学校校不不是是我我原原本本想想要要读读的的,但但我我想想我我不不得得不不好好好好利利用用。make the best of表表示示“好好好好利利用用”;get away from表表示示“逃逃离离”;keep an eye on表表示示“监监视视,关关注注”;catch up with表表示示“赶上,跟上赶上,跟上”。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()1.It is required that all traffic participants should _ the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.Aperform Bobserve Csupport Dpossess【解解析析】B考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。此此处处observe the traffic rules是固定表达,意为是固定表达,意为“遵守交通法规遵守交通法规”,据此选,据此选B项。项。新题预测新题预测专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()2.We _ to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.A.manage Btend Cintend Dattempt【解解析析】B考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意:当当我我们们匆匆忙忙做做事事的的时时候候,我我们们常常常常会会犯犯错错误误。manage意意为为“管管理理;成成功功做做”;tend意意为为“常常常常;倾倾向向于于”;intend意意为为“打打算算”;attempt意为意为“企图企图”。根据句意选。根据句意选B项。项。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()3.For most Americans,their 18th birthday _ the end of one part of their life and beginning of another.Apredicts Btells Cmarks Dsigns【解解析析】C考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意:对对于于大大多多数数美美国国人人来来说说,他他们们的的18岁岁生生日日标标志志着着一一部部分分生生活活的的结结束束和和另另一一部部分分生活的开始。此处生活的开始。此处mark意为意为“标志标志”。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()4.The new policy will _ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.Adiscount Bsupport Capprove Dbenefit【解解析析】D考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意:新新政政策策规规定定65岁岁以以上上的的老老人人乘乘公公交交车车免免费费,这这将将使使老老人人们们很很受受益益。benefit意意为为“使受益,对使受益,对有用有用”,符合语境。,符合语境。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()5.After _ the luggage at the railway station,we left for the exhibition hall in a taxi.Aclaiming Bdemanding Cdeserving Dobtaining【解解析析】A考考查查动动词词词词义义辨辨析析。句句意意:在在火火车车站站认认领领过过行行李李后后,我我们们乘乘出出租租车车去去了了展展览览大大厅厅。此此处处claim表表示示“认认领领”。后后三三项项分分别别表表示示“要要求求”、“值值得得”、“获获得得”,都都不不符符合合语语境。境。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()6.Would you mind repeating that?I didnt quite _.A.catch on Bmake up Cfind out Dtake over【解解析析】A考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意:你你介介意意再再重重复复一一遍遍吗吗?我我不不太太明明白白。catch on意意为为“理理解解;明明白白”;make up意意为为“组组成成;编编造造”;find out意意为为“找找出出;查查明明”;take over意意为为“接管接管”。根据句意选。根据句意选A项。项。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()7.Many children are _ in the countryside when their parents flood into the cities for jobs.Aleft behind Bleft off Cleft aside Dleft out【解解析析】A考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意:许许多多父父母母涌涌入入城城市市找找工工作作而而把把孩孩子子留留在在乡乡下下。leave behind意意为为“把把留留下下”,符符合合语语境境。leave off意意为为“中中断断,停停止止(做做某某事事)”;leave aside意为意为“搁置一边搁置一边”;leave out意为意为“不包括,不提及不包括,不提及”。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()8.His first baby was born soon after he got married,which seemed to have _ his sense of responsibility.A.brought down Bbrought out Cturned down Dturned out【解解析析】B考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。bring out意意为为“使使显显示示出出来来”。句句意意为为:婚婚后后不不久久他他的的第第一一个个孩孩子子就就出出生生了了,这这好好像像使使他他的的责责任任感感显显现现了了出出来来。bring down意意为为“打打垮垮,击击败败”;turn down意意为为“调调低低,拒拒绝绝”;turn out意意为为“结结果果是是,证明是证明是”。专题四专题四 新题预测新题预测 ()9.I believe it is the only solution to this problem.Thats debatable,I think.I can _ five other solutions that are as good as that.Acome up with Bmake up with Clive up to Dkeep up with 【解解析析】A考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。come up with意意为为“提提出出,想想出出”;make up with意意为为“和和重重归归于于好好”;live up to意意为为“达达到到,符符合合,不不辜辜负负”;keep up with意意为为“赶赶上上,跟跟上上”。根根据据题题干干内内容容可可知知,A项项符符合合语语意意,即即“我我可可以以想想出出五五种和那个一样好的解决方法种和那个一样好的解决方法”。