【课标通用】高考英语一轮ppt课件：专题16-词义猜测（含答案）.pptx

学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 专题十六词义猜测学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 1.构词猜词法:掌握考纲规定的词汇后,利用构词法的基本知识理解单词的意义。这要求我们要了解英语构词法中常用的词根、前缀和后缀含义及功能,准确地推测出它们相互组合形成的整体词义。2.上下语境法:词不离句,句不离篇;篇中求句,句中识词。猜测词义最常用到的方法是结合上下文的语境,即文章的意义、线索和内在逻辑关系进行猜测。通常情况下,所考词汇与上下文所提示的意义通常存在同义、反义或解释等的关系,可直接确定词义。要做好词义猜测题,考生既要掌握基本的构词方法,还要学会根据上下文语意,运用一定的猜词技巧,进行合理的推测,词义猜测题常用的解题方法有:学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 3.词句代入法:词句代入法是指把四个选项分别代入所要猜词的词句处,结合语意、句法和内在逻辑进行综合判断,从而理解词句意义。4.指代分析法:考查指代关系的题目通常为就近指代,解题时一要分析代词的对象和特征:指人还是物、单数还是复数、主格还是宾格等;二要结合上下文意义和逻辑通篇考虑,正确的选项意义上是通顺的,并且逻辑上是合理的。北京大学张雪睿学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage1(2017全国,D)Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,itsanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceitsallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area55sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainerperhapsjustadrinkingcuptocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatchersproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheetscenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwonthavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.【语篇解读】美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器。在水资源短缺的区域,这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itsdelicate.B.Itsexpensive.C.Itscomplex.D.Itsportable.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。从文章第一段的“Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.”可知,这种集水器设备携带起来很方便。人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练2.What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“Toconstructaworkingstill.”和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是thestill。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheetscenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。从文章第三段的“Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheetscenterdownwitharock.”可知,用塑料布把洞穴覆盖,并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢。最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心。因此选C项。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom.A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheet【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。从文章最后一段的“Groundwaterevaporatesandcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.”可知,这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室。地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴,然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage2(2017全国,B)IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.WhenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaulhestoodupforme.Idontknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachotherbutalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingbackhewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.Hedbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidnttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidntneedalotofwords.【语篇解读】作者通过回忆自己与好友的初次见面,两人友谊的发展,相同的性格,以及共同的信仰,来纪念这位好朋友。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练1.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidntlikehisagent.C.Hewasntfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“WhenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilmitwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul.”可知,工作室不想把那个角色给作者的原因是他不出名,故C项正确。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练2.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段尤其是第三、四句“Bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtues.Thosewerealsoatthecore(核心)ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.”可知,作者和Paul有着相似的品质和美德,因而他们之间的友谊持久。故D项正确。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。本段讲的是他们共同的信仰。开头说“Wesharedthebeliefthat.”,这里又说“butsharingthatbroughtustogether”,画线词that就是指他们共同的信仰(belief)。故A项正确。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练4.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。作者在开始讲述自己第一次见到PaulNewman的情景,后面叙述两人的友谊,相同的性格,共同的信仰。最后一段提到最后一次见他。作者写作的目的就是怀念一位朋友,因此B项正确。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage3(2017全国,C)Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations-majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf-grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageoftheparksredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaytheparksbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼,以改善公园的生态平衡的举措。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是首尾两段可知,文章主要介绍黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。从第二段第一句“GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.”可知,过去灰狼在黄石公园随处可见,但由于人类的发展,灰狼就逐渐被迫撤出了这个地方。可推测displace意为“被迫离开”。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineintheparksincome.C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。从第三段可知,灰狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的结果:鹿群数量迅速增多,消耗大量植被;草原狼增多,吃掉了公园里占很大比例的红狐狸;完全赶走了公园里的河狸。也就是说灰狼的消失破坏了当地的生态平衡。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练4.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。从文章最后一句“TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.”可推知,作者对于黄石公园引进灰狼群持肯定态度。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage4(2016全国,C)Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual(虚拟).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【语篇解读】本文为说明文。主要介绍一个面向全球的图书分享网站BookC。人们通过该网站可以把书放在指定地点,由其他参与者自由获取,同时也能相互交流阅读体验。1.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainwhattheyare.B.TointroduceBookCrossing.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.”可知,现如今这个称之为BookC的网站推翻了人们传统观念中的“读书会”的概念。由此引出下文对这一网站的介绍。故此处提及bookgroups是为了引出话题。因此B项正确。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Thebook.B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段最后一句可以得知,此人将书放于一公众场所,盼着它能有一番奇遇,随着发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。因此此处it指代上文提到的thebook。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.C.Passitontoanotherreader.D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段及第四、五段可知,这些书会放在一些公共场所,发现者要将信息上传至网站,以便人们及时掌握这些书籍的动向。因此可以得知,当人们阅读完后,会将其传给其他人,故选C项。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB.ElectronicBooks:ANewTrendC.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBackD.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可以得知,本文主要介绍了一个图书分享网站BookC,故只有D项最合适。A项表示“网上阅读”,virtual为错误信息;B项表示“电子书”,electronic为错误信息;C项表示“带回传统”,abookgroup为错误信息。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage5(2016全国,C)IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,Ivedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseIvegottwoicepacksandthatshowlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,wevegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,Imreallysorry,Ivegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,youvegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,youreconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyouvegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebodyslife.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。文章以第一人称的口吻介绍了一位志愿者的特殊工作:运送干细胞。作者讲述了自己运送干细胞的过程中遭遇的一次意外。1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph 1?A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第二、三句内容,特别是里面出现的关键词trips,carry可推断,该词指的是“运送者,快递者”。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练2.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewontlastanylonger.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“.thatshowlongtheylast.”可知,Peter必须在42小时内完成他的行程,因为冰袋的使用时间有限。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练3.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句,特别是其中的re-routed(改道)methroughNewark可知,Peter坐的班机最先到达Newark。学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Passage6(2016全国,C)IfyouareafruitgrowerorwouldliketobecomeonetakeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhatsaround.ItscalledAppleDaybutinpracticeitsmorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesnttasteofanythingspecial,itsstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)CatsHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 试做真题透析真题高手必备萃取高招对点精练Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyoullneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soitsapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果园).Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.学霸有招 高手洞考 高手锻造 【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章介绍了苹果节举办的时间、项目及地点。重点提到苹果节上种类丰富的苹果品种和有关苹果种植的相关知识,特别指出可以与苹果种植专家进行讨论等。再加上孩子们喜欢的以苹果为主题的趣味游戏,可以说,对于那些对苹果及苹果种植感兴趣的人极具吸引力。1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?A.Attendexpertslectures.B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第一句“Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyo