【课件】Unit+1+Discover+useful+structures人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册.pptx

Discovering useful structures UNIT 1 ART动词不定式作主语和表语Theymustlearnto recognise bad habits earlyandmakeappropriatechanges.Wemakeachoiceto do something,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelyto continue the habit cycle.To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentryto adapt them.Forexample,whenwecometoanescalator(cue),ournormalroutineis to ride it.To reach the goal of change,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.object 宾语attribute 定语complement 补足语adverbial 状语object 宾语predicative 表语adverbial 状语Tip 1:Tip 1:动词不定式可以在句中作_、_、_、_、_、_的成分。主语宾语表语定语状语补足语Readthesesentencesandfillintheblanksusingthecorrectwords.1.Perhaps the best _ to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.2.During the Middle Ages,the _ of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.3.In this work,Monets _ was to convey the light and movement in the scene.4._ was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art?”waypurposeaimWhattheyattemptedtodo动词不定式动词不定式 在句中作表语在句中作表语1.结构 动词不定式可以放在 be和become,sound,taste等_后 面作表语，由“(to)+动词原形”构成。2.时态 动词不定式作表语时，如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系应使用_如果是被动关系应该使用_。例1：His goal is _(be)a volunteer at the local hospital in the coming holidays.例2：His goal is _(admit)into Peking University this summer.:动词不定式动词不定式系动词系动词to becometo be admitted to doto be doneSummarizing“不定式作表语”的实质是：be是系动词，be 前的主语和be后的表语是同位概念，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用，主语往往是表示“目的，目标，想法，愿望，任务，责任等”的名词，如：_ _还可以由what 或者all引导的名词性从句等。intention,plan,purpose,aim,duty，hope，idea，concern，job，plan，problem，suggestion，wish,chance,methodLead-in1.Nottograspfirmlyisnottograspatall.2.What he wanted to suggest was to cut down the price andincreasethesales.3.Heistocleantheroom.4.Heseems(tobe)depressed.5.Theplanproves(tobe)successful.【自主发现】上面句中动词不定式形式，通常放在_之后，在句中作_。连系动词表语Tip1：动词不定式作表语时，说明主语的具体内容或目的，主语一般是：_或者以_。Tip2:wh-词+动词不定式句式：根据表达需要，根据表达需要，在作表语的不定式在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括包括what,who,how,when,where等。等。eg:Whattheywantedtoknowwaswhentoholdanartexhibitionintheircity.what引导的名词性从句aim,purpose,dream,decision,task,difficulty,suggestion,hope,duty,way等常见动词不定式作表语情况：常见动词不定式作表语情况：1.Mysuggestionistocarryouttheplanimmediately.2.WhatIwouldsuggestisnottoputoffthemeeting.3.Watermustbepureifitistobedrunk.4.Allofhispersonalstuffsarenottobesold.1.All he wanted was_.他只想一个人待着。2.The least I can do to help is_.我所能帮的最起码的事是借给她一辆车。tobeleftalonetolendheracarTip3：当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词_或者主语被_或形容词_修饰时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。only,first,one,least最高级all 1.Who is _ the fire?谁应为这场大火承担责任？2.The house is _.此房出租。Tip4：某些动词不定式(短语)作表语时，需用主动形式表示_。toblamefortolet被动意义被动意义Tip 5:动词不定式可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合，构成_，在句中可作_、_和_。不定式短语Observe and explore.When to start hasnotbeendecidedyet.Doyouknowwhere to find Tom?Mymainconcernishow to get there on time.subject 主语object 宾语predicative 表语主语宾语表语注意：注意：动动词词不不定定式式(短短语语)作作表表语语时时，一一般般情情况况下下不不定定式式符符号号to不不能能省省略略，但但当当主主句句主主语语部部分分含含有有实实义义动动词词do的的某某种种形形式式时时，可可省省略略作作表表语语的的动动词词不定式（短语）里的不定式符号不定式（短语）里的不定式符号to:1.我们试图要做的是挽救地球。Whatweretrying todoissaveEarth._2.晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。In the evening theonlythinghedidwas read the newspaper._1.动动词不定式作主语，词不定式作主语，表示表示具体的、一次性的具体的、一次性的或者表示或者表示将将来来含义的动作含义的动作，且谓语动词常用且谓语动词常用_。如：Tobecalmindanger is very important/significant.Towinthegame is possible.Tosee is to believe.Toworkwithhimis a great pleasure2.动动词词不不定定式式短短语语作作主主语语时时，为为了了保保持持句句子子平平衡衡，往往往往用用_作作形式主语形式主语，而将动词不定式短语置于句末。如：，而将动词不定式短语置于句末。如：It is important tolearnEnglishwell.单数单数PresentationitIt做形式主语，做形式主语，其常见句型如下：其常见句型如下：1.Itis名词名词todosth Its our duty to protect the natural environment.2.Ittooksbsometime/moneytodosth It took us three hours to finish the report.3.Itbe形容词形容词for/ofsbtodosth Its very generous of you to donate us a large sum of money.It is necessary for children to form good habits at an early age.4.Itseems/appears形容词形容词todosthIt seemed impossible to catch up with them in 20 minutes.补充：动词不定式作表语和补充：动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区作表语的区别别1.动词不定式和动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为即若句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用，则表语也应使用v-ing；若主语为动词不定式，；若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。则表语也应使用动词不定式。To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.2.动词不定式和动词不定式和v-ing作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外:当动词所表达的是当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为行为时，通常用时，通常用动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语。Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing作表语。My favorite sport is swimming.What I hate most is being laughed at.Usethecorrectformsofthewordstofillintheblanks._(read)aloudisgoodforyourEnglishlearning.Itisquitenecessary_(read)itagain._(see)istobelieve._(see)isbelieving.拓展:to do as the subject VS doing as the subjectReadingto readTo seeSeeingTip 6:动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别：_作主语特指一次性的、具体的动作；_作主语泛指一般的或习惯性的动作。且作主语和表语的不定式或动名词需保持_。to dodoing一致动词不定式（短语）作表语省略动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况的情况动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般不定式符to不能省略,但以下情况下可省略：1.all作主语其后的定语从句有do的某种形式时：All we need to do is live each day with hope.2.what引导的从句作主语时，从句中含有do的某种形式时：What I want to do is take a holiday right away.3.主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，其后的定语从句或短语中有do的某种形式时：In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.The most meaningful thing he wants to do is _(help)the poor.2.This year,his plan is _(make)some changes in the teaching method.3.What I suggest is _(start)work at once.4.One of her hobbies is _(collect)stamps.5.I think it is your brother who is _(blame)for the accident.即学即练 helpto maketo startcollectingto blame6.Suppose you are _(be)a journalist for China Daily,do you know what kind of jobs they have?7.You are _(reward)if you have made a breakthrough.8.The students trust her very much;as a result,her advice is _(influence)their decisions.to be to be rewarded to influence 3.Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people _(wash)their hands with soap and water.4.The next step is _ sure that you know exactly what is required.5.The purpose of education is _(develop)a fine personality in children.towashtomaketodevelop1.The motto of the little boy who was suffering from a muscle disease was _(live)one day at a time.2.It is you,including your cousin,that _(blame)for the loss of the golden chance.tolivearetoblamePractiseMatchthesentencehalves.Discoverwhatthesesubjectsshareincommonbyusingthefollowingtable.Meaning/ConstructSubjectan action for some purpose a way of action adviceresponsibilitya clause intention,plan,purpose,aimway,things,business,habit,principle,vocation,chance,methodsuggestion,thoughtduty,orderWhat.attempted.,All.wanted.1.The young singers intention of performing the song was _.(与歌迷们分享他对摇滚乐的热爱)2.The best way to do business is _.(建立你和客户之间的信任)3.What the survivors attempted to do was _.（为拯救他们生命的英雄们立碑）4.The main purpose of art education in schools is _.(激发学生的创造力)5.When you are faced with a serious decision,my suggestion is _.(听从你内心的声音)to share his love for rock music with his fansto build trust betweenyou and your clientto build a memorial tothe heroes who saved their livesto inspire students to be creativeto listen to your inner voice3.如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的 ,可以在不定式前加一可以在不定式前加一个由个由 for/of for/of 引起的短语引起的短语,构成构成_。2.不定式作主语时,可以用it作_.4.Itis+adj+forsbtodo5.Itis+adj+ofsbtodo（修饰人品形容词）（修饰物的形容词）1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词_单数形式主语不定式的复合结构Summary6.Itis+n.+forsbtodo7.Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth.