高中英语新人教版选择性必修二 unit1词汇用法重点句型（背诵清单+教材词块）.doc

高中英语选必二unit1词汇用法重点句型一、背诵清单1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的(serious)；严厉的；严格的(strict)；艰难的；严峻的severelyadv.严重地；严格地，严厉地eg.As far as I am concerned，you are to blame for the severe mistake.在我看来，你应该为这个严重的错误负责。She was a severe woman who seldom smiled.她是个严肃的女人，脸上很少出现笑容。2.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的frustratingadj.令人沮丧的frustratevt.使沮丧；使懊恼frustrationn.沮丧；懊恼；挫折【联想】各种情绪：depressed adj.沮丧的down adj.不高兴的，情绪低落的delighted adj.欣喜的bored adj.厌烦的disappointed adj.失望的blue adj.忧郁的，沮丧的3.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)；定期捐款eg.All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.我们所有人都赞成这个观点：好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school，to which we were sincerely grateful.是那位杰出天文学家一直给我们学校定期捐款，我们非常感谢他。Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to several magazines recently.最近，我用在假期期间挣来的钱订阅了几本杂志。4.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做了)某事suspect sb to be.怀疑某人是suspect that.怀疑，猜想eg.(2020·新高考卷读后续写)Initially，Bernardsuspected that he couldnt sell his popcorn as planned.(怀疑心理描写)起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能像计划的那样卖爆米花。【近义】doubt, guess5.blame vt.把归咎于；责怪；指责(scold)n.责备；指责blame sb for (doing) sth 责备某人(做了)某事blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for) 应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备put/lay the blame on 归咎于eg.So instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.(建议信)因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。【点拨】在be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动语态表示被动含义。6.link n.联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联There is a link between.and.与之间有联系link.to.将和联系或连接起来be linked to 与有联系/有关eg.Health problems are closely linked to bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。7.decrease n.减少；降低；减少量vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低decrease to.减少到decrease by.减少了decrease from.to.从减少到on the decrease 正在减少on the increase 正在增加eg.Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals is decreasing/on the decrease.由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。【近义】lessen, decline【反义】increase, rise8.thanks to 幸亏；由于【联想】“由于”形式多多：owing todue tobecause ofas a result ofon account ofin consequence of9.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变transform.into.使变成transform into 转化成；改造为be transformed from.into.由变成transformationn.变化，转变；改观eg.There is no doubt that success and wealth has transformedhis character.(人物描写)毫无疑问，成功和财富改变了他的性格。10.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)pour in/into 倒入，涌进pour out 倒出，涌出pour down 倾盆而下eg.The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.(景点介绍)长城是个如此著名的旅游景点，每年都有数以百万计的游客蜂拥而至。11.break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发【联想】“动词out”短语荟萃：block out 挡住(光线)give out 分发；公布；耗尽let out 泄露；发出(声音)look/watch out 当心；提防put out 扑灭die out 灭绝set out 出发；启程；开始(做某事)break out 爆发；突发12.defend vt.保卫(protect)；防守；辩解defend.against/from (doing.) 保护免受defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护defencen.防御；保卫；辩护in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为)辩护in ones defence 为某人辩护eg.Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。13.astronomer n.天文学家【联想】“太空”有关词语荟萃：astronomy n.天文学astronaut n.宇航员gravity n.重力；地球引力satellite n.卫星orbit n.轨道spaceship n.宇宙飞船universe n.宇宙launch vt.发射rocket n.火箭14.gifted adj.有天赋的(talented)；有天才的；天资聪慧的be gifted in/at.在方面有天赋gift/talentn.天赋have a gift/talent for.有天赋eg.Brianis gifted in writing music, and he is very likely to be a Beethoven.(人物介绍)布莱恩在创作音乐方面很有天赋，他很有可能成为贝多芬那样的音乐家。15.abstract adj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要【联想】常见反义形容词：abstract 抽象的concrete 具体的positive 积极的negative 消极的optimistic 乐观的pessimistic 悲观的permanent 永久的temporary 暂时的fragile 易碎的solid 坚固的fixed 固定的flexible 灵活的16.besides prep.除之外(还)adv.而且；此外【同义】(而且；再者)furthermore, whats more, in addition, moreover, additionally17.brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的【联想】“愚蠢与聪明”的形容词：foolish 傻的stupid 愚蠢的silly 傻的clever 聪明的smart 聪明的bright 明亮的；聪明的wise 明智的；聪明的intelligent 智能的；聪明的sharp 聪明的，敏锐的18.above all 最重要的是；尤其是after all 毕竟；终究first of all 首先；第一all in all 整体说来；总而言之in all 全部；合计at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟eg.If you want to achieve success，above all, you must be strict with yourself.(劝说信)如果你想取得成功，首先你必须严格要求自己。19.fault n.弱点；过错find fault with.挑剔faultyadj.不完美的；有错误的；有缺陷的eg.He likes to find fault with other people, which makes them very unhappy.(人物描写)他喜欢找别人的茬，这使他们很不高兴。二、教材词块1.once and for all 最终地；彻底地e down with a disease 患病3.die from the disease 死于疾病4.in general 总的来说；从总体上看5.in the early 19th century 十九世纪初6.through Snows tireless efforts 通过斯诺的不懈努力7.overcome some difficulties 克服困难8.receive a heros welcome 受到英雄般的欢迎9.take on the challenge 接受挑战10.in the area of frontier science research在前沿科学研究领域11.be more likely to get cholera 更有可能得霍乱12.the origin of the universe 宇宙起源13.during the question and answer period在问答环节14.have a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science 对中国航天科学有更大的影响15.switch his major to aviation 转学航空专业16.become a pioneer in.成为的先驱17.under Qians leadership 在钱的领导下18.launch its first man-made satellite 发射第一颗人造卫星19.an outstanding and creative scientist 一位杰出而有创造力的科学家20.have a vivid imagination 有丰富的想象力21.be polluted by raw waste 被未经处理的废物污染教材佳句1.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(It seems that.看起来似乎)看来这位妇女非常喜欢从这个泵中抽取的水，以至于每天都让人把它送到家中。2.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so.that.如此以至于)他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3.Perhapsno other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.(否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级)也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。4.Born in Hangzhou in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写)钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。1.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removedso that it could not be used.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。句型公式|have宾语宾补(1)have  sth done 使某事被做；请人做某事；某人遭遇到某事have  sb do sth 让某人做某事have  sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态(2)couldnt/cant/wont  have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事(3)have  sth to do 有事要做(2020·全国卷书面表达)We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers houses.(活动介绍)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。Iwont have you speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.我不允许你以这样粗鲁的方式和你母亲说话。My mother have me clean up my bed-room every day.我妈妈每天都让我打扫我的卧室。2.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。句型公式|until引导时间状语从句(1)until引导时间状语从句：常用于not.until.句型。(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not  until从句/表时间的词谓语助动词主语谓语动词”。(3)强调结构：It  is/was not until从句/表时间的词that主句部分。(2020·全国卷书面表达)I didnt realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity.(活动介绍)It wasnt untilI took part in the picking activity thatI realized how important working with my own hands was.(强调句型)Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realizehow important working with my own hands was.(倒装句)直到我参加了采摘活动，我才意识到自己动手劳动的重要性。5