2022年仁爱英语九年级上册语言知识点归纳 .pdf

1 Unit 1 The Changing World Topic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years. 重点知识点1.ThoughI had no time to travel, I still felt very happy this holiday! 尽管我没时间去旅游，但这个假期我仍然感到很愉快。though 从属连词，用来引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”，不能与but 连用。 如：Though he is poor, he is happy. = He is poor, but he is happy. 尽管他很贫穷，但是他很快乐。2.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers? 请告诉我一些有关中国青少年的一些事情好吗？Could /Would you please (not) do sth？ 请（不）做某事好吗？如：Could you please turn down your radio? 请把收音机声音调低好吗？Would you please not play football here? 请不要在这儿踢球好吗？3.Parents couldn t afford education for their children. 父母供不起孩子上学。afford 常与 can, could 或 be able to 连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）”“ (can t/ couldn t) afford (to do) sth.” 如：We can t afford (to buy ) this house because we don t have enough money. 我们买不这房了，因为我们没有足够的钱。He felt he couldn t afford any time to play football. 他觉得自己没有时间踢球了。4.Our government gives support to poor families. 我们的政府能为贫困家庭提供帮助。give support to sb.= give sb. support 为某人提供帮助/ 支持support 作动词时表“供养；支持；支撑”，如：She had to support her family at the age of ten. 她十岁时就得养家。His parents supported him in his decision. 他的父母支持他的决定。The two sticks support the tree. 两根木棍支撑着这棵树。5.Why not go and search the Internet for some information? 为什么不上网查找相关信息呢？search sb. for sth. 搜查某地寻找某物search sb. for sth. 搜身查找某物search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb. 搜寻某物 / 某人 ； 如：The villagers searched the woods for the lost children. 村民们在树林里寻找失踪的孩子们。The police searched the man for the stolen money. 警察搜那个男人的身，查找被偷的钱。He is searching/ looking for his missing keys. 他在寻找他丢的钥匙。6.Iused to be a chilld laborer. 我以前是 一个童工。used to be/ do过去曾是 /常做 be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事be/ get used to (doing ) sth. 习惯于（做）某事；如：Iused to be a Chinese teacher. 我过去曾是一名语文老师。Iused to swim in this river. 我过去常在这条河中游泳。Knives are used to cut things.= knives are used for cutting things. 刀子被用砍东西。We are used to getting up earlier now. 现在我们习惯于早起。7.We often went hungry because the boss didn t give us enough food to eat. 我们经常挨饿，因为老板不给我们足够的食物。在这里是系动词，表“变得”,后跟形容词 ,构成系表结构. 如: The food on the table went bad. 桌面上的食物 变坏了 .8. One part was used to help support my family, to help send my elder brother to school. 一部分钱用来供养全家人 ,另一部分用来供哥哥上学. a)one part the other (part) 一部分 另一部分 b)elder brother 哥哥elder 作形容词时 , 是 old的比较级 , 一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序,在句中只能作定语,可与 than 连用 ; 而 older 表年龄的比较,可与than 连用 . 如: His elder sister is two older than he. 他的姐姐比他大两岁. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 作名词时 , 表 “长者 ; 前辈 ; 祖先 ” , 如: Their customs were handed down by the elders. 他们的风俗习惯是由他们的祖先传下来的. 9. But China has developed rapidly in recent years. 但是 近年来 ,中国发展迅速. in recent years 表 “ 近年来 ” ,常与完成时连用. 如: She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years. 近年来 ,她学到了许多知识. 10. China has made such rapid progress. 中国已经取得如此迅速的进步。progress 为不可数名词make progress 取得进步make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些 / 许多 / 巨大的进步11. What has happened to Beijing s roads now? 现在北京的公路发生 了什么变化？sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事，如：If anything happens to him, let me know. 万一他有什么不测，就请通知我。A little accident happened to her yesterday. 昨天她发生了点小意外。12. They express the rich culture of China as well. 他们 也表达了丰富的中国文化。as well, too, also 均表“也；又” ；as well 多用于口语，只用于句末，不用逗号隔开；too 多用于口语，用于句末，要用逗号隔开；also 较正式，不用于句末；either 用于否定句，表“也不”，与 too 对应。如：He likes sports as well. = He likes sports, too. = He also likes sports. 他也喜欢运动。He didn t come, either. 他也没来。五、重点语法（一）现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。即“过去的动作+ 现在的结果” ， 强调结果。 如：I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.) 我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。）构成形式：助动词 have / has + 动词的过去分词1肯定句：Ihave seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。否定句：Ihaven t seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。一般疑问句：Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？回答：Yes, Ihave. 是的，我看过了。No, I haven t. 不，我没看过。特殊疑问句：What have you done?你已经做了什么？2肯定句：He has finishedthe task. 他已经完成了任务。否定句：He hasn t finished the task. 他还没有完成任务。一般疑问句：Has he finished the task? 他已经完成任务了吗？回答：Yes, he has. 是的，他完成了。No, he hasn t. 不，他没有完成。特殊疑问句：What has he finished? 他完成了什么？（二） have/ has been to与 have/ has gone to have/ has been to + 某地，到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。have /has gone to + 某地，说明去了某地，说话时人还没回来。如：Ihave been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。- Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？- He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。Topic 2 What has happened to the population? 一、重点句型1. We got lost and couldn t find each other. 我们 走失了， 互相 找不到对方。2.It seems that their living conditions were not very good.似乎 他们的生活条件不是很好。3.It is possible that Kangkang s father was the only child in his family. 康康的父亲有可能是他家中的独生子 。4. One answer is known as the one-child policy. 其中一项 众所周知的 措施是独生子女政策. 5. And even though we have made a lot of progress, we have big pollution problems in the city. 虽然我们已经取得了很大的进步，但是仍存在严重的城市污染问题。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 三、重点语言点1 - I really hate to go shopping. 我真讨厌去购物。- So do I . 我也是。So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“ so + be /情态动词 / 助动词+ 主语”。 如：Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“neither/ nor + be / 情态动词 / 助动词+ 主语” 。 如：Jim wasn t Chinese, neither/ nor were they.吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。Jim can t speak Japanese, neither can I .吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。Jim didn t go there, neither did I .吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。如：Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。2At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world. 那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。population 为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用“ large” 或 “ small” 修饰，提问人口用“what”, 如：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。What s the population of China?= How many people are there in China? 中国的人口有多少？3. Great changes have taken place in China. 中国 发生了 巨大变化。take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。 如：The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。如：The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。两者都不用于被动语态。4. The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。increase by 指“增加了 ” ; increase to指 “ 增加到 ”5., and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。one fifth 是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于 1 时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s” 。如：one fourth 四分之一；three fourths 四分之三；one second 二分之一；two thirds 三分之二6 It has worked well in controlling China s population. 它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。work well in doing sth. 表“在 方面很有功效” , 如: Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight. 做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。7. Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water. be short of表 “ 缺乏 ” , 如 : She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每个月底她总是缺钱。be short for 表“是 的缩写” , 如: TV is short for television. TV 是 television 的缩写形式 . 8. Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education? 所有的中国家庭都能给他们的的孩子提供良好的教育吗？offer 表“ （主动）给予，提供”offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”如：I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。offer to do sth. “ （主动）提出做某事”如：精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。9.I can t go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours. 我得花几个小时，才能到大的商场购物。a) unless = if not 表“除非 ; 如果不”，引导条件状语从句。如：I won t go unless I hear from you. = I won t go if I don t hear from you. 如果你不通知我，我就不去。Unless Bill studies hard, he ll fail in the exam. 如果比尔不努力, 他不会通过考试的. b) a couple of 表 “ 几个人或几件事” , 如: a couple ofyears ago 几年前 ; a couple of students 几个学生couple 指任何两件同类的东西; 如: a couple of watches 两只手表；five couples of cats 五对猫pair 指两件不可分开使用的东西,它们可指两件互不相连的东西(鞋子、 袜子等 )，也可指两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等） 。如：a pair of shoes 一双鞋子a pair of pants 一条裤子四、重点语法现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：1already 和 yet already “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句） ，如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。yet “已经 ; 还” （用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？I haven t finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。 already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？2ever 和 never ever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。never never“从未；从来不” （多用于否定陈述句） ，常回答 ever 的句型。 如：I have never seen him before.我以前从未见过他。-Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？-No, never. 不，从来不。3just just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。4before before “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never 呼应）， 如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。Topic 3 The world has changed for the better. 二、重点句型1.It trains them so that they can find jobs again. 培训他们 以便 他们能再次找到工作。2.I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves. 我认为对于这些人来说自我感觉良好是很重要的 。3., you will get used to it. 你会习惯它的。4.You must come for a visit. 你一定 来参观一下 。5.Then you can see New York for yourself. 然后你可以 自己看一看 纽约。6.If anyone takes drugs or disobey the other rules, he can t stay in the program. 如果有人 吸毒 或者违反其它规定，他就不可以呆在培训中心。7.The money is used for children s education in poor area. 这些资金 被用来 资助贫困地区儿童接受教育的。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 8.With the money , it has built thousands of schools and libraries and trained 2300 teachers. 利用这些钱 ，希望工程建立了数以千计的学校和图书馆并且培养了2300 名老师。三、重点语言点1. Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them. 他们一旦发现有人需要帮助，就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。a) once 是从属连词，表“一旦 就”,它的从句为现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，主句则为一般将来时。或者主从句均为过去的某种时态。如：Once you become interested in playing computer games, you ll have trouble giving them up. 一旦你迷上了电脑游戏，你就很难放弃它。Once he arrives here, he will know the whole thing. 一旦他到这儿，他就会知道整件事的。She told him once she arrived, she would call him. 她告诉他一旦她到了，她会打电话给他。b) decide on (doing ) sth. 决定（做）某事，相当于decide to do sth.如：They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan. 他们决定在海南度假。= They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan. 2. The government provides homeless people with nice homes. 政府向无家可归的人们提供舒适的住处。provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物The school provided the students with food. 这所学校为学生们提供食物。= The school provided food for the students. 3. I think it s a wonderful place to live in. 我认为那是一个居住的好地方。to live in 是动词不定式， 用来修饰前面的名词place. 在不定式中， 如动词为不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后必须跟上相应的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的事。I need a pen to write with . 我需要一只笔写字。4. It is famous because it has been so successful in helping homeless people return to normal lives. 它很出名是因为它已经成功地帮助无家可归的人重新过上正常的生活。be successful in doing sth. 成功地做成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth. 如：He was successful in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。They were successful in climbing Mount Huang. 他们成功地登上了黄山。5In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 billion yuan. 在近十六年来，希望工程已筹集了大约30 亿元。in the past + 若干时间，表“近若干时间来”，用于现在完成时。如：They have learnt about 500 English words in the past two months. 近两个月来，他们已经学习了大约500 个英语单词。You have grown up a lot in the past three years. 近三年来，你们长大了许多。四、重点语法（一）直接引语和间接引语在引用别人原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语；如：“ What are you reading,Jane? ” Maria asked. 当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述部分称为间接引语 。如：Maria asked Jane what she was reading. 直接引语和间接引语可互相转换，但要注意以下几个变化：1 直接引语变为间接引语时，引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that 或省略。 如：She said, “ I m very glad to have such a chance.” She said (that) she was very glad to have such a chance. 2）如果是一般疑问句时，则用whether 或 if。如：Maria asked Jane, “ Can they get good food and medicine? ” Maria asked Jane whether/ if they could get good food and medicine. 3）如果是特殊疑问句时，则用相应的疑问词what, where, which, how 等。 如：Maria asked Jane, “ What are you reading?” Maria asked Jane what she was reading. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 4）如果是祈使句时，则多用动词ask, tell, order 引导的不定式结构。如：Mother said to me, “ Try again.” Mother asked me to try again. “ Don t be afraid” , Tom said to Dick. Tom told Dick not to be afraid. 2 语序的变化：若是从句，一律为陈述语序。3 时态的变化。1）主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变；如：He says, “ I m tired.” He says he is tired. He will say, “ The boy was lazy.” He will say the boy was lazy. 2）主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都有改成相应的过去时态，但表示自然科学和真理之类的仍以现在时出现。 如：He said, “ I m sorry.” He said he was sorry. The teacher told us, “ The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 4 人称的变化。如：The teacher said, “ John, you must bring your book to the class.” The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class. 5 时间状语的变化。如： nowthen; todaythat day; tonight that night; this morning that morning; agobefore; yesterdaythe day before; last nightthe night before; the day before yesterdaytwo days before; tomorrow the next day; next week the next week. 6 地点状语的变化。如： herethere 7 指示代词的变化。如： thisthat; these those 8 动词的变化。如： come go; bring take Unit 2 Saving the earth Topic 1 I can t stand the environment here. 一、重点句型。1. It is difficult for me to breathe.对我来说很难呼吸。2. -How long have you been like this? 你处于这样的状态多久了？-I have been like this since last month. 自从上个月以来我一直这样。3. It is a beautiful place with flowers and grass. 那是个有花、有草的美丽的地方。4. All the flowers, grass and fish have gone ! 所有的花、草和鱼儿都没有了！5. It smells terrible. 难闻极了。6. There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river. 有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。7. It s our duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是我们的职责。8. I have been at this school since last year / for one year. 自从去年，我在这个学校了。/ 我来到这个学校有一年了。9. Noise is a kind of pollution and it is harmful to our ears. 噪音是一种污染，对我们的耳朵有害。三、重点语言点1.I can t stand the environment here. 我无法容忍这儿的环境。stand 表“容忍；忍受” ，后接名词、代词及动名词做宾语。如：I can t stand that man, he talks too much. 我忍受不了那个人了，他话太多了。Can you stand the pain? 你能忍得住痛吗？I can t stand waiting any longer. 我再也等不了了。2.What do you mean by sth. ? 某物是什么意思呢? = What s the meaning of sth ? = What does sth. mean? 3.Ihope I can move from here soon. 我希望我能早点从这儿搬走。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - - 7 当主从句主语一致时，常可转换成不定式短语= I hope to move from here soon. 我希望早点从这儿搬走。4There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river. 有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。There be + sb. / sth. + doing sth. 表有某人 / 某物正在做某事。如：There are some birds singing in the tree. 树上有些鸟儿在歌唱。There is a little girl crying in the street. 街上有个小女孩在哭。5stop doing sth. 停止做（正在进行的）事stop to do sth. 停下来去做（另一件）事如： It s late. They will stop working and (stop) to have supper. 很迟了。他们将停下来吃晚饭。The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher. 学生们停止说话去听课。6I m sorry for making so much noise. 很抱歉我弄出这么大的噪音。be sorry for doing sth. 表对做过的事感到抱歉be sorry to do sth. 表对当前的事感到抱歉如： I m sorry for waking you up yesterday. 很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。I m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。I m sorry to hear that. 听到那个（消息）感到很遗憾。7 ,not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution. 并不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染。not 与 both、all 、every 以及every 的派生词连用时，表部分否定。如： Not everybody knows this secret. 不是人人知道这个秘密。Nobody knows this secret. 没有一个人知道这个秘密。I don t know all (of) your names. 你们的名字我并不都知道。I know none of your names. 我不知道你们所有人的名字。8. Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,近来据报道，美国许多青少年的听力和65 岁的老人一样差。no better than 表“同 (几乎 )一样差 ; 不比 做得好 ”如: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟. = Lucy almost did as ba